Lingual Mechanoreceptive Information I

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-356
Author(s):  
James P. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Medial Lemniscus ◽  
Face Zone ◽  
Afferent Information ◽  
Relay Nucleus ◽  
The Face ◽  
Stimulation Of

Afferents present in the distal hypoglossal nerve of the rhesus monkey include fibers derived from lingual muscle spindles. Using the evoked-potential technique in rhesus monkeys, the objective of this study was to determine whether the medial lemniscus (ML) represents the rostral projection path for hypoglossal afferent information. Responses evoked by low-intensity stimulation of the XIIth nerve were recorded with bipolar macroelectrodes at medullary, pontine, and midbrain levels in pentobarbital or urethane anesthestized animals. Results indicate that fibers related to XIIth nerve afferents ascend in association with the contralateral ML. This projection mediates the contralateral thalamic and cerebrocortical potentials shown in previous studies to be evoked bv XIIth nerve stimuli. The role this projection may play in tongue sensorimotor function is discussed. Results also demonstrate the presence of contralateral responses in the medial portion of the pontine reticulotegmental nucleus. These medially located potentials were isolated from responses evoked from the ML bv intervening unresponsive electrode tracks suggesting that a component of the lemniscal projection may terminate in the "face zone" of this precerebellar relay nucleus.

Spontaneous fracture of coal during borehole drilling as an index of burst hazard of the face zone

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
I. V. Nedashkovskii ◽  
A. I. Panteleev ◽  
N. I. Voronkov
Keyword(s):  
Face Zone ◽  
Burst Hazard ◽  
Spontaneous Fracture ◽  
The Face ◽  
Borehole Drilling

TRIGEMINAL PROJECTIONS IN THE RETICULAR FORMATION OF THE PONS IN THE CAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
J. M. Langlois ◽  
Guy Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Pontine Reticular Formation ◽  
Recording Unit ◽  
Spatial Convergence ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stimulation Of

The projections of the trigeminal nerve in the pontine reticular formation of the cat have been investigated by recording unit activity, after physiological stimulation of the face, in 30 "encéphales isolés" preparations. No somatotopical arrangement was found but a high degree of spatial convergence onto pontine reticular units exists and a certain degree of functional organization was observed.

scholarly journals Facilitation of cutaneous inputs during the planning phase of gait initiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Mouchnino ◽  
Aurélie Fontan ◽  
Christophe Tandonnet ◽  
Joy Perrier ◽  
Anahid H. Saradjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Gait Initiation ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Movement Execution ◽  
Movement Initiation ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Planning Phase ◽  
Step Initiation ◽  
Afferent Information ◽  
Afferent Inputs

It has been shown that during the planning of a voluntary movement the transmission of cutaneous afferent inputs to the somatosensory cortex is attenuated shortly before the motor output as well as during movement execution. However, it is not known whether the sensory suppression observed during the planning phase (i.e., before any movement execution) is a systemic phenomenon or whether it is dependent on movement context. For example, movements such as step initiation are controlled based on information received from cutaneous receptors in the feet. Because afferent information emerging from these receptors is critical for movement initiation, we hypothesized that suppression of these inputs may not occur during the planning phase prior to gait initiation. To examine this hypothesis we measured the cortical response to somatosensory stimulation during the planning phase of step initiation and during movement execution. Sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation was assessed by measuring the amplitude of the cortical somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP, over the Cz electrode) following electrical stimulations of the plantar sole of one foot. Two stimulations were provided during the planning phase of a step movement and two stimulations during movement execution. It was found that the P50-N80 SEP was facilitated in the early planning phase (−700 ms before motor execution) compared with when participants remained still (control standing task). This mechanism might contribute to an enhanced perception of cutaneous input leading to a more accurate setting of the forces to be exerted onto the ground to shift the body's weight toward the supporting side prior to foot-off.

scholarly journals T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferative response to antigen. I Genetic restriction of the stimulation of B lymphocyte proliferation.

1981 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Y Tse ◽  
J J Mond ◽  
W E Paul
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
The Face ◽  
Stimulation Of

For the purpose of examining more closely the interaction between T and B lymphocytes, we have developed an in vitro T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferation assay. Proliferation of B lymphocytes in response to antigen was found to depend on the presence of primed T lymphocytes; the B lymphocytes could be derived from nonprimed animals. It appears that these B cells were nonspecifically recruited to proliferate. This nonspecific recruitment, however, was found to be Ir-gene restricted in that B lymphocytes from B10.S mice, which are genetic nonresponders to the polymer Glu60-Ala30-Tyr10 (GAT), could not be stimulated by GAT-primed (responder X nonresponder) F1 T cells. The apparent lack of antigen specificity in the face of Ir gene-restricted T-B interaction may have important implications in our understanding of the recognition unit(s) on T lymphocytes.

Receptive fields of single cells from the face zone of the cat rostral dorsal accessory olive

1993 ◽  
Vol 605 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weiss ◽  
J.F. Disterhoft ◽  
A.R. Gibson ◽  
J.C. Houk
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Face Zone ◽  
The Face ◽  
Accessory Olive

Effects of pharyngeal lubrication on the opening of obstructed upper airway

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2311-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Miki ◽  
W. Hida ◽  
Y. Kikuchi ◽  
T. Chonan ◽  
M. Satoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Airway Opening ◽  
Cervical Trachea ◽  
Artificial Surfactant ◽  
Stimulation Of

We examined the effect of electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve and pharyngeal lubrication with artificial surfactant (Surfactant T-A) on the opening of obstructed upper airway in nine anesthetized supine dogs. The upper airway was isolated from the lower airway by transecting the cervical trachea. Upper airway obstruction was induced by applying constant negative pressures (5, 10, 20, and 30 cmH2O) on the rostral cut end of the trachea. Peripheral cut ends of the hypoglossal nerves were electrically stimulated by square-wave pulses at various frequencies from 10 to 30 Hz (0.2-ms duration, 5–7 V), and the critical stimulating frequency necessary for opening the obstructed upper airway was measured at each driving pressure before and after pharyngeal lubrication with artificial surfactant. The critical stimulation frequency for upper airway opening significantly increased as upper airway pressure became more negative and significantly decreased with lubrication of the upper airway. These findings suggest that greater muscle tone of the genioglossus is needed to open the occluded upper airway with larger negative intraluminal pressure and that lubrication of the pharyngeal mucosa with artificial surfactant facilitates reopening of the upper airway.

Cerebral evoked potentials after endorectal mechanical stimulation in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. G477-G482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Collet ◽  
P. Meunier ◽  
R. Duclaux ◽  
S. Chery-Croze ◽  
P. Falipou
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Rectal Wall ◽  
International System ◽  
Rectal Sensation ◽  
Rectal Balloon ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Cerebral Evoked Potentials ◽  
Stimulation Of

Although numerous clinical studies have proved that impaired rectal sensation is a major factor in fecal continence dysfunctions, objective studies in this field are still lacking. To provide information on normal rectal afferents, a study of cerebral potentials evoked by mechanical stimulation of the rectal wall was carried out in 10 healthy volunteers (5 male, 5 female; age, 33–52 yr). The stimulating device consisted of a rectal balloon rhythmically inflated and deflated by means of an animal breathing ventilator. Recordings were obtained 2 cm behind the vertex (C'z, International system 10–20). The responses were averaged from 300 to 800 sweeps. The average was triggered either on inflation ("on effect") or on deflation ("off effect"). Inflation volume and pressure were adjusted to induce a clear but not painful pulsing sensation. Reproducible responses were recorded by both on and off effects. The evoked potentials were polyphasic with a succession of positive and negative waves (peak latencies between 78 and 310 ms). The shape of the response (morphology, latency, and amplitude) was perfectly reproducible in the same subject. With regard to intrasubject reproducibility, variability was displayed: only the early waves (latency less than 100 ms) were perfectly reproducible; late waves exhibited variable latency and morphology. The present findings are the first demonstration of the possibility of recording an evoked potential on the scalp after a mechanical stimulation of the rectum.

Neonatal chest wall afferents and regulation of respiration

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hagan ◽  
A. C. Bryan ◽  
M. H. Bryan ◽  
G. Gulston
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Rib Cage ◽  
Afferent Information

We have studied two groups of eight preterm infants, relating chest wall afferent information to respiratory timing. Rib cage and abdominal motion were monitored by magnetometers and flow and tidal volume via a face mask. In the first group, studies were done in REM sleep when spontaneously occurring distortion of the rib cage occurred and a significant linear relationship between the rate of distortion of the chest wall and shortening of the inspiratory time (Ti) was found in all infants. Reduction in this distortion by the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or continuous negative pressure at the body surface (CNeg) was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) lengthening of Ti. Absence of changes in Ti when pressure was applied in quiet sleep suggested that lung volume or chemical changes were not involved. In the second group of infants we artificially generated the afferent inflow by using vibratory stimuli applied in one intercostal interspace and produced a significant (P less than 0.05) shortening in Ti. We suggest that the distortion of the rib cage in REM sleep generates afferent information from intercostal muscle spindles that is related to the rate of distortion and this, via a supraspinal reflex, inhibits phrenic motoneuron discharge. It may then be of importance in the etiology of apneic episodes in these infants. Applied pressure may be of benefit because it reduces an inhibitory afferent inflow.

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