Women Who Stutter: Personality and Speech Characteristics

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen-Marie Silverman ◽  
Catherine H. Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Differential Forms ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Total Frequency ◽  
Speech Characteristics

This investigation was undertaken to determine whether adult female stutterers, when compared to adult male stutterers, would (1) present a different pattern of speech fluency or (2) evidence reduced self-esteem or both. Spontaneous speech samples were obtained from 10 adult female stutterers, 10 adult male stutterers, and 10 adult female nonstutterers. All were administered the California Test of Personality and semantic differential forms designed to assess self-concept. The female stutterers produced significantly fewer instances of revision-incomplete phrase than either of the other two groups and were more heterogeneous with respect to total frequency of disfluency. The female stutterers evidenced a significantly higher level of self-esteem than the male stutterers. Moreover, unlike the male stutterers, the female stutterers did not consider themselves handicapped. This investigation indicates that there may be significant differences in the stuttering symptomatology of adults that are related to gender.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Redescription of the adult female and 1st-instar nymph of Ceroplastodes dugesii (Signoret, 1886) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and description of the other immature stages

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1672 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPINA PELLIZZARI ◽  
CHRISTOPHER HODGSON ◽  
ALESSIO RAINATO
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
New Material

Ceroplastodes dugesii (Signoret), the Mexican wax scale, is the type species of the genus but previous descriptions have not included some important characters. With the collection of new material of this species off Acacia from Mexico, the opportunity is taken to illustrate and either describe or redescribe all stages apart from the adult male.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Culture, Self, and Personality Dalam Diri Manusia

Humaniora ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Antonius Atosökhi Gea
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Individual Culture ◽  
Behavior Development

People have different perception about themselves, especially in the case of they are independent or interdependent people in their life. The article discussed the different of self concept related to cultural differences, especially between individual and collective cultures. The different concept on “self” brings a big influence on cognitive development, motivation, and emotion. On the other hand, culture also has impacts on human behavior development, especially those related to locus of control and self esteem. Both individual and collective cultures have some impacts on to what extend a person can be a supervisor towards his own behavior. Locus of control can be available either in internal or external of a person. Collective culture is more supportive in achieving global self esteem, while individual culture more tends to achieve self competence, another aspect of self esteem. Related to the determination of the five-factor model personality that has been acknowledged as the basic of basic human personality, it can be concluded that culture, self, and personality can be built from human internal, combined by some inputs of his environment which play important role to activate those mechanism.

Self-esteem in action: From direct causality to motive and mediator of self-performative action

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Strandell
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Causal Influence ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Future Self

Self-esteem research has been in “crisis” during the last decade, due to the lack of strong, consistent correlations between self-esteem and behavioral outcomes. Some researchers have interpreted this as indicating that self-esteem is inconsequential in many important areas of life. However, the model of direct causality used in correlational research, between a general self-esteem trait and specific behaviors, may be unrealistic. In contrast, this paper develops a model of self-esteem-motivated behaviour as originating from past, current or future (desired) self-concepts. This model shows how an interaction of catalytic factors determines how self-esteem influences behaviour. That is, what “self-esteem” actually “does.” By clarifying the different ways in which self-esteem affects behavior, the model shows that construing self-esteem as a passive variable with direct causal influence on behavior is inadequate and misleading and that previous contradictory results are a consequence of this misconceptualization and subsequent reification of self-esteem. Because self-esteem and the self-concept are inseparable (one is an attitude towards the other) self-esteem-motivated behavior is always about self-construction, and thus performative. Future self-esteem research and theory should therefore focus on how people seek to enact, maintain, or defend a desired identity through performative actions.

Environmental correlates of variation in lexical style: Interactional style and the structure of the input

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Pine
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Functional Similarity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Maternal Speech ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

ABSTRACTSince the publication of Nelson's (1973) monograph, several studies have reported significant correlations between variation in children's early vocabulary composition and differences in the functional characteristics of mothers' child-directed speech. However, it is still not clear how these relations are actually mediated. The present study attempts to investigate thís issue by differentiating and testing two alternative explanations of the relations found in previous research on data from a study of eight mother–infant dyads between 0;11 and 1;8. Despite replicating previous findings of a relation between maternal descriptiveness and the proportion of nouns and maternal directiveness and the proportion of verbs in children's early vocabularies, the results reveal no relation between differences in mothers' interactional behavior and differences in the functional characteristics of their children's spontaneous speech. On the other hand, specific relations were found between children's referential vocabularies and maternal descriptives that included nouns and between children's verb vocabularies and maternal directives that included verbs. These findings not only raise doubts about the validity of a functional similarity account of relations between maternal speech characteristics and variation in early vocabulary composition, but also suggest that they may be better understood in terms of the interaction between processing mechanisms that are common to all children and differences in the structure of the input to which different children are actually exposed.

Simuliidae (Diptera) of Rendalen, Norway. Description of a new species of Eusimulium (Hellichiella) and previously undescribed stages of Eusimulium rendalense and Eusimulium fallisi

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor I. Golini
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Eusimulium (Hellichiella) usovae n.sp. is described in the larva, pupa, and adult female and male. The larva, pupa, and male of Eusimulium rendalense Golini and pupa of Eusimulium fallisi Golini are described for the first time. These three species are closely related; the first two are distinguished by a few consistent characters in all their developmental stages. Eusimulium fallisi is distinguished in the female from the other two species; its larva and adult male are still unknown. Keys distinguishing the stages of these species are provided. The immature stages of these species occur sympatrically in sedge – Sphagnum bog – fens, in slow water with currents of 1 to 30 cm/s.

scholarly journals Adaptive and maladaptive features of schizotypy clusters in a community sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertalan Polner ◽  
Ernő Hupuczi ◽  
Szabolcs Kéri ◽  
János Kállai
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Mental Well Being

AbstractSchizotypal personality traits correlate with psychopathology and impaired functional outcome. Yet advantageous aspects of positive schizotypy may exist which could promote resilience and creativity, and several studies have identified a high positive but low negative schizotypy group with some signs of adaptation. The aim of our study was to clarify whether such individuals demonstrate only traits associated with well-being, or they also have traits that predict impairment. Participants (N = 643 students, 71.5% female) completed measures of schizotypy, resilience, self-esteem, self-concept clarity, and absorption. We identified four clusters: an overall low schizotypy, an overall high schizotypy, a disorganised-interpersonal schizotypy and a positive schizotypy cluster. The overall high schizotypy cluster seemed to be the most vulnerable as it was the least resilient and showed widespread maladaptation, whereas the high positive schizotypy cluster had intact self-esteem and high resilience and its elevated absorption may hold the promise for adaptive outcomes such as creativity and positive spirituality. However, the high positive schizotypy cluster lacked self-concept clarity. The results suggest that individuals showing high positive and low negative schizotypy demonstrate features promoting mental well-being to an extent that is higher than in all the other clusters, while their self-concept impairment is similar to that observed in the high and the disorganised-interpersonal schizotypy clusters. Better understanding of these factors could be informative for prevention and treatment of psychosis-spectrum disorders.

Revision of the genus Schedotrioza Tuthill & Taylor (Homoptera : Psylloidea : Triozidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Plant Data

A systematic revision of the gall-forming genus Schedotrioza Tuthill & Taylor (Psylloidea : Triozidae) is presented. Twelve species are recognised, seven of which are new. These are S. apicobystra, sp. nov., S. cornuta, sp. nov., S. distorta, sp. nov., S. luteogalla, sp. nov., S. occidentalis, sp. nov., S. serrata, sp. nov. and S. sinuosa, sp. nov. Two new synonyms are proposed: S. multitudinea (Maskell) as the senior synonym of S. circularis (Froggatt) and S. orbiculata (Froggatt) as the senior synonym of S. carnosa (Froggatt). Trioza tasmaniensis (Froggatt) is herein transferred to Schedotrioza. The other species recognised are S. eucalypti (Froggatt) and S. marginata Taylor. A key to the species is provided. Where available, the adult male, adult female and mature gall are described and illustrated. Notes on their biology, including host-plant data, are also presented.

Effects of Defendant's Sex and Age Status on Severity of Punishment: An Experimental Test

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 917-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Faulkner ◽  
Darrell J. Steffensmeier
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Juvenile Female ◽  
Hard Drugs ◽  
Severity Of Punishment ◽  
Female Subjects

326 subjects were randomly assigned to one of four descriptions of a defendant's statuses: adult male, adult female, juvenile male, and juvenile female. Subjects were asked to select type of punishment deemed appropriate for four episodes: shoplifting, drunkenness, murder, and possession/sale of hard drugs. The results provided support for the hypothesis that juveniles and females are treated more leniently for violations. In particular, female juveniles are treated less harshly than the other sex-age categories.

Analysis of Self-Concept in Older Adults in Different Contexts

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel de Gracia Blanco ◽  
Josep Garre Olmo ◽  
María Marcó Arbonès ◽  
Pilar Monreal Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Discriminatory Capacity

Summary: Self-concept is a construct consisting of a group of specific self-perceptions that are hierarchically organized. Age-associated changes of self-concept are related to the individual's perception of the changes occurring throughout the aging process. The authors examined external validity and internal consistency of an instrument that has been developed to assess self-concept in older adults and examined self-concept's characteristics in two different contexts. Results confirm the multidimensionality of the scale and show a satisfactory external validity, indicating good discriminatory capacity. Findings support the hypothesis that older people who live in a nursing home have a poor self-esteem, self-concept, and psychological well-being and have a greater presence of depressive symptoms than people who live in their own home.

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