Analytic Study of the Tadoma Method: Discrimination Ability of Untrained Observers

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Reed ◽  
Steven I. Rubin ◽  
Louis D. Braida ◽  
Nathaniel I. Durlach
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Tactile Sensitivity ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Masking Noise ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Modified Rhyme Test ◽  
Nonsense Syllables

This study reports the ability of two observers with normal-hearing and sight to discriminate pairs of speech elements through the Tadoma method of speechread-ing. The observers were blindfolded and exposed to masking noise to eliminate visual and auditory cues. They placed their right hand over the speaker’s face and neck so that the thumb rested lightly on the lips and the fingers fanned out over the cheek and neck. The discrimination tests were conducted using an ABX procedure. Average discrimination scores for the five types of test materials used in the ABX tests were 87% on W-22 words, 83% on Modified Rhyme Test words, 70% on vowels, 77% on CV and VC nonsense syllables, and 71% on consonant clusters. In all of the ABX tests, the inexperienced observers performed at least as well as the experienced Tadoma user studied by Norton, et al (1977). This finding indicates that the basic tactile sensitivity of inexperienced observers is comparable to that of an experienced deaf-blind Tadoma user.

Evaluation of Modified Rhyme Test Results from Impaired- and Normal-Hearing Listeners

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earleen F. Elkins
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Difficult Condition ◽  
Male Speaker ◽  
Speech Reception Thresholds ◽  
Modified Rhyme Test

Four lists of the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) were administered to 9 normal-hearing and 50 impaired-hearing subjects. The stimuli were spoken by a male speaker with test conditions designed to yield 96, 83, 75, and 96% correct responses by normal listeners. Normal subjects performed within the expected normal limits. Impaired-hearing subjects had significantly lower scores and did not show the proportional decrease for the most difficult condition. The performance of subjects grouped by degree of hearing loss showed that increasing noise did not affect MRT scores differentially, nor did MRT scores decrease significantly with increasing speech reception thresholds (SRTs). When a slight amount of noise accompanied the MRT, a significant relationship was shown with clinically obtained W-22 scores. Correlational analysis among five measures of speech-discrimination ability and six measures of threshold sensitivity supported other studies with regard to the frequency region important for the perception of monosyllabic stimuli at suprathreshold levels.

Reliability of the Modified Rhyme Test for Hearing

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Bell ◽  
E. James Kreul ◽  
James C. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Present State ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Response Set ◽  
Modified Rhyme Test ◽  
Normal Performance ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

The reliability and intercorrelations of selected lists from the clinical version of the Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) were examined using normal-hearing young listeners and older listeners believed to have incurred noise-induced hearing loss. Stability of means and variances was generally acceptable for the lists of the MRT, but the reliability coefficients and intercorrelations were generally low. In its present state, the clinical MRT appears to lack the precision to discriminate among normal young listeners, if normal young listeners really do differ in speech discrimination ability with a closed response set. We do not yet have adequate knowledge of the range of expected normal performance for the MRT. The MRT appears far more reliable when used with a much more heterogeneous hearing loss population.

Learning Visual Correlates of Fricative Production by Normal-Hearing Subjects: A Preliminary Evaluation of the Video Articulator

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Haugland Bargstadt ◽  
John M. Hutchinson ◽  
Michael A. Nerbonne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Low Transmission

This investigation provides a preliminary evaluation of the use of the video articulator, a phonemic recognition device for the hearing impaired. The subjects were five young adults with normal hearing and vision (corrected) who were matched with respect to age, sex, dialect, education, and phonological sophistication. Each subject received 150 min of programmed training to learn the video configurations of the eight English fricatives both in isolation and consonant-vowel contexts. Following the training period, the subjects were given a test to determine adequacy of learning and retention of the video configurations for the training stimuli, in the absence of auditory cues. The subjects' responses were analyzed using a common covariance measure. The results demonstrated generally low transmission values for consonants in isolation. Moreover, identification of consonants in context was less accurate. The subjects, as a group, had greater difficulty in recognizing the productions of other subjects when compared with recognition of their own utterances. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

The Contribution of Hearing and Hearing Loss to Balance Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Vitkovic ◽  
Carmen Le ◽  
Su-Ling Lee ◽  
Ross A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Centre Of Pressure ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Sensory Weighting ◽  
Acoustic Environments ◽  
Pressure Analysis

This study investigated the hypothesis that a hearing ‘map' of our surroundings is used to maintain balance control. We investigated the effects of sound on postural sway using centre of pressure analysis in 50 subjects with normal hearing, 28 with hearing loss and 19 with vestibular dysfunction. The acoustic environments utilized sound cues that were either present or absent. It was found that auditory cues are utilized by subjects with normal hearing to improve postural sway. The ability to utilize sound for postural control is diminished when there is a hearing loss, but this appears to be overcome by the use of a hearing aid. Patients with additional vestibular deficits exploit auditory cues to a greater degree, suggesting that sensory weighting to enhance the use of auditory cues may be applied when there is diminished sensory redundancy.

Frequency-Importance and Transfer Functions for the Auditec of St. Louis Recordings of the NU-6 Word Test

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Studebaker ◽  
Robert L. Sherbecoe ◽  
Christine Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Importance Function ◽  
Masking Noise

Frequency-importance and transfer functions for the Auditec of St. Louis recordings of the NU-6 word test are reported. The functions were derived from the word recognition scores of 24 subjects with normal hearing who were tested under 128 conditions of filtering and talker-spectrum-matched noise. The importance function was broader and had a lower midpoint than the NU-6 importance function reported by Schum, Matthews, and Lee (1991), but still displayed a bimodal shape. The transfer function was steeper than the transfer function reported by Schum et al., but comparable in slope to the transfer function for low-context CNC words reported by Bell, Dirks, and Trine (1992). Results from a limited set of conditions presented in quiet suggest that the use of masking noise was partly responsible for the dissimilar importance and transfer functions obtained by Schum et al. and this study. Differences in the equipment used in each experiment and in the methods used to analyze the data appear to have contributed as well.

Training Normal Hearing to Greater Usefulness: A Progress Report

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Fay-Tyler M. Norton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Training Material ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Hearing Research ◽  
American Foundation ◽  
Excellent Description ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Blind Individuals ◽  
Widespread Interest

There is current widespread interest in the use of hearing by blind individuals for the purpose of better orientation and better mobility. The Office of Vocational Rehabilitation is now supporting at least three hearing projects of major proportions. The most recent grant was made to C. W. Shilling Auditory Research Center, in Groton, Connecticut. They are equipped with the most modern instrumentation and, according to John Dupress, of the American Foundation for the Blind, they intend to do research which will lead to the identification of auditory cues used by skilled blind travelers. They also intend to design training material for the rehabilitation of blind persons who are not able to travel independently with a cane or a dog. Matching funds for this project have been provided by Seeing Eye, Inc., Morristown, New Jersey. A second project has been in progress about two years at the Industrial Home for the Blind, in Brooklyn, New York. Their objective is service to blind individuals who are hard of hearing. An excellent description of this project, written by Dr. Moe Bergman, the principal investigator, appeared in the December 1959 issue of the New Outlook.1 In the same issue of the New Outlook there appeared also an introduction to the hearing research project in progress at the Cleveland Society for the Blind.3 Our purpose is to develop methods for training normal hearing of blinded persons to greater usefulness. The following article describes the research further and presents some findings.—F.M.N.

Analytical Calculation of Resistance to Burst of Single Jersey Underlying Two Synthetic Materials Used in Furniture Industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Bianca Cristina Lengyel ◽  
Anghel Cernescu ◽  
Cristian Sorin Nes
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Synthetic Leather ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Single Jersey

Synthetic leather materials, that have single jersey in their structures, are widely used both for the seat covers of cars and in the case of seats for furniture used in everyday life. To develop constructive and ingenious solutions that increase the durability of these materials in time, it is necessary to know all the requests that these materials have fulfil. In this paper we proposed an analytic study of two synthetic leather materials in terms of resistance to burst of the knits underlying their composite structure.

Detection and Recognition of Stop Consonants by Normal.Hearing and Hearing Impaired Listeners

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 942-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Turner ◽  
David A. Fabry ◽  
Stephanie Barrett ◽  
Amy R. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Masking Noise ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Detection And Recognition

This study examined the possibility that hearing-impaired listeners, in addition to displaying poorer-than-normal recognition of speech presented in background noise, require a larger signal-to-noise ratio for the detection of the speech sounds. Psychometric functions for the detection and recognition of stop consonants were obtained from both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Expressing the speech levels in terms of their short-term spectra, the detection of consonants for both subject groups occurred at the same signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, the hearing-impaired listeners displayed poorer recognition performance than the normal-hearing listeners. These results imply that the higher signal-to-noise ratios required for a given level of recognition by some subjects with hearing loss are not due in part to a deficit in detection of the signals in the masking noise, but rather are due exclusively to a deficit in recognition.

Effects of masking noise on vowel and sibilant contrasts in normal-hearing speakers and postlingually deafened cochlear implant users

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph S. Perkell ◽  
Margaret Denny ◽  
Harlan Lane ◽  
Frank Guenther ◽  
Melanie L. Matthies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Masking Noise
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document