Effects of Stimulus Duration and Stimulus Off Time on the Auditory and Acoustic Reflex Thresholds

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Feldman ◽  
Debra Katz
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Auditory Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold ◽  
Off Time

The effects of stimulus duration and stimulus off time on the thresholds of hearing and the acoustic reflex were investigated in 10 normal-hearing subjects and 10 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. A 1000-Hz stimulus with on-off times of 500-500 msec and 30-30 msec was used to obtain hearing sensitivity and acoustic reflex thresholds via a tracking method. Auditory threshold was poorer for the 30-30 msec tone than the 500-500 msec stimulus in both groups. Using the different stimuli, no significant difference in acoustic reflex threshold was observed in either group. These results suggest that the addition of a short off time modifies the previously observed effects of both duration and off time on the acoustic reflex and auditory threshold.

The Prediction of Hearing Loss in Persons With Cerebral Palsy Using Contralateral Acoustic Reflex Threshold for Broad-Band Noise

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Michele B. Emmer ◽  
Shlomo Silman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

The utility of R. Keith’s (1977) method of screening for hearing sensitivity using the contralateral acoustic-reflex threshold (ART) for broad-band noise (BBN) was tested in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). Three groups of participants were included in this prospective study. The first group comprised 20 normal-hearing individuals without CP whose results were used as normative data. The second group comprised 16 participants with normal hearing and CP. The third group comprised 22 participants with sensorineural hearing loss and CP. The results of this study indicate that Keith’s screening method employing ART for BBN can be used successfully in a population with multiple handicaps where a quick, inexpensive, readily available, and accurate method is needed.

Temporal Integration of the Contralateral Acoustic Reflex Threshold for a 1000 Hz Tonal Activator and Its Age-Related Changes

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele B. Emmer ◽  
Shlomo Silman ◽  
Carol A. Silverman ◽  
Harry Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Hearing Level ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

Background: Previous research has noted an age effect on the temporal integration of the acoustic reflex for a noise activator. Purpose: To determine whether the age effect earlier noted for a noise activator will be noted for a tonal activator. Research Design: Comparison of ARTs of younger and older groups at activating stimulus durations of 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 msec. Study Sample: Two groups of adults with normal-hearing sensitivity: one group of 20 young adults (ten males and ten females, ages 18–29 years, with a mean age of 24 years) and one group of 20 older adults (ten males and ten females, ages 59–75 years, with a mean age of 67.5 years). Results: A significant main effect for duration was obtained. That is, as the duration increased, the acoustic reflex threshold for the 1000 Hz tonal activator decreased. The interactions of duration × age group and duration × hearing level were not significant. There was a nonsignificant main effect (p = .889) for the between-subjects factor of age. Conclusion: Results contradict the findings for broadband noise.

A Comparison of Three Methods for Predicting Hearing Loss from Acoustic Reflex Thresholds

1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Margolis ◽  
Cydney M. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Threshold Data ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

Previously reported acoustic reflex threshold data from normal and hearing-impaired subjects indicate that the effect of stimulus bandwidth on reflex thresholds is altered by sensorineural hearing loss. It is this change in the “bandwidth effect” that forms the basis for predicting hearing loss from reflex threshold data. Three predictive procedures were compared for 17 normal and 60 hearing-impaired ears. All methods correctly identified most hearing losses but none of the methods accurately estimated magnitude of hearing loss. Two methods were characterized by a high rate of false positives. The third was tailored to minimize false positives (6%) and maintain a high rate (93%) of predicting hearing losses greater than 32 dB while making no attempt to make finer discriminations. This more conservative approach minimizes serious predictive errors while identifying a high proportion of clinically significant hearing losses.

The Relationship between Magnitude of Hearing Loss and Acoustic Reflex Threshold Levels

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shlomo Silman ◽  
Stanley A. Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Test Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold ◽  
The Relationship

The acoustic reflex threshold (ART) was studied in 544 ears having hearing levels (ANSI-1969) ranging from 0 to 110 dB HL. The activating signals were pure tones (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) presented at levels up to 125 dB HL. The results indicated that the ART increased with hearing loss beyond certain levels. The proportion of absence of reflex responses depends upon the degree of hearing loss, test frequency, and the limits imposed by the instrumentation. Absence of reflex responses is rare for hearing losses of less than about 80 dB HL when the hearing loss is attributable to cochlear involvement.

Static and Dynamic Acoustic Impedance Measurements in Infant Ears

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Margolis ◽  
Gerald R. Popelka
Keyword(s):  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Threshold Data ◽  
Probe Frequency ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Computational Procedures ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

Tympanometry and acoustic reflex threshold data are reported for a series of presumably normal infants ranging in age from 55 to 132 days. In general, tympanograms displayed single peaks between ±50 mm H 2 O. Susceptance tympanograms with a 660-Hz probe frequency were sometimes characterized by monotonically increasing susceptance as ear canal pressure was changed from −200 to +200 mm H 2 O. Static values of acoustic conductance, susceptance, admittance, resistance, reactance, impedance, and phase angle were computed from tympanograms using the values of ambient and +200 mm H 2 O (0/+200 procedure) and the maximum and minimum tympanometric values (MAX/MIN procedure). Comparison of the data from the two computational procedures suggested that the MAX/MIN procedure produces means and standard deviations of static values which are more manageable for establishing confidence limits with which to evaluate potentially pathological subjects. The MAX/MIN procedure resulted in lower mean values of conductance and susceptance for infant subjects relative to previously reported adult data using a similar computational procedure. Acoustic reflex thresholds were clearly present in all testable infants at coupler sound pressure levels similar to adult data, suggesting that the relations between reflex thresholds and hearing sensitivity demonstrated in adult subjects are similarly applicable to infant subjects. Mild sedation to induce sleep without altering the reflex would make acoustic reflex threshold measurement a useful procedure for screening large numbers of infants.

Prediction of Hearing Loss from the Acoustic-Reflex Threshold

1984 ◽  
pp. 187-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHLOMO SILMAN ◽  
STANLEY A. GELFAND ◽  
NEIL PIPER ◽  
CAROL ANN SILVERMAN ◽  
LESLIE VAN FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

A Comparison of Acoustic Reflex and Loudness Growth in Normal and Pathological Ears

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall K. Beedle ◽  
Earl R. Harford
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Acoustic Reflexes ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Loudness Growth

This study compares acoustic reflex growth and loudness growth at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Two groups of 10 subjects each were tested: a group with normal hearing, and a group with a unilateral hearing loss resulting from endolymphatic hydrops and demonstrating loudness recruitment. Acoustic reflexes were recorded graphically at successive 2-dB increments from the reflex threshold to a sensation level of 16 dB, employing an ascending and a descending approach. Alternate binaural loudness balances were performed at three sensation levels relative to the acoustic reflex threshold. Results indicate that the slope of the acoustic reflex growth function is much greater and more rapid for the normal ears than for either ear of the subjects with unilateral hydrops. Also, the acoustic reflex growth is essentially the same for the impaired ears and the good ears of the subjects with a unilateral hearing loss. On the basis of these results, it appears that the relationship presumed to exist between loudness experience and the acoustic reflex must be questioned.

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