Psychometric Functions for Loudness Discomfort and Most Comfortable Loudness Levels

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald D. Dirks ◽  
Candace Kamm
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Intense Stimulus ◽  
Adaptive Procedures ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Comfortable Loudness

Adaptive procedures were used to determine psychometric functions for loudness discomfort level (LDL) and most comfortable loudness (MCL) for pure tones and speech using normal and hearing-impaired listeners. For the LDL, both groups demonstrated steeply rising functions with the 50% point at ∼ 100 dB SPL. The MCL data resulted in two functions, one (Function A) differentiating MCL from less intense stimulus levels and the second (Function B) differentiating between MCL and more intense levels. Function A may be considered a lower bound and Function B an upper bound for MCL. For the normal listeners, the difference between the functions at 50% response ranged from 9.9 to 19.9 dB depending upon the experimental condition. For the hearing-impaired subjects, this range was restricted to ∼ 4.5 dB, primarily as a result of a shift in Function A toward higher sound pressure levels.

scholarly journals A lower bound for a remainder term associated with the sum of digits function

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. E. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Positive Integer ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Remainder Term ◽  
Fixed Integer ◽  
Sum Of Digits ◽  
Sum Of Digits Function ◽  
The Difference

For a fixed integer q≧2, every positive integer k = Σr≧0ar(q, k)qr where each ar(q, k)∈{0,1,2,…, q−1}. The sum of digits function α(q, k) Σr≧0ar(q, k) behaves rather erratically but on averaging has a uniform behaviour. In particular if , where n>1, then it is well known that A(q, n)∼½((q − 1)/log q)n logn as n → ∞. For odd values of q, a lower bound is now obtained for the difference 2S(q, n) = A(q, n)−½(q − 1))[log n/log q, where [log n/log q] denotes the greatest integer ≦log n /log q. This complements an upper bound already found.

Temporal Resolution in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners Using Frequency-Modulated Stimuli

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Madden ◽  
Lawrence L. Feth
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Frequency Discrimination ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

This study compares the temporal resolution of frequency-modulated sinusoids by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects in a discrimination task. One signal increased linearly by 200 Hz in 50 msec. The other was identical except that its trajectory followed a series of discrete steps. Center frequencies were 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. As the number of steps was increased, the duration of the individual steps decreased, and the subjects’ discrimination performance monotonically decreased to chance. It was hypothesized that the listeners could not temporally resolve the trajectory of the step signals at short step durations. At equal sensation levels, and at equal sound pressure levels, temporal resolution was significantly reduced for the impaired subjects. The difference between groups was smaller in the equal sound pressure level condition. Performance was much poorer at 4000 Hz than at the other test frequencies in all conditions because of poorer frequency discrimination at that frequency.

Hearing in Mice via GSR Audiometry

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Sensitivity Curve ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Pure Tones ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Frequency Intensity ◽  
Near Threshold

Hearing in mice has been difficult to measure behaviorally. With GSR as the basic tool, the sensitivity curve to pure tones in mice has been successfully outlined. The most sensitive frequency-intensity combination was 15 000 cps at 0-5 dB re: 0.0002 dyne/cm 2 , with responses noted from 1 000 to beyond 70 000 cps. Some problems of reliability of conditioning were encountered, as well as findings concerning the inverse relationship between the size of GSR to unattenuated tones and the sound pressure necessary to elicit conditioned responses at or near threshold. These data agree well with the sensitivity of single units of the eighth nerve of the mouse.

Strategies for Oral Delivery of Metal-Saturated Lactoferrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski ◽  
Klaudyna Śpiewak-Wojtyła ◽  
Maria Oszajca ◽  
Małgorzata Brindell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Lactoferrin was isolated and purified for the first time over 50-years ago. Since then, extensive studies on the structure and function of this protein have been performed and the research is still being continued. In this mini-review we focus on presenting recent scientific efforts towards the elucidation of the role and therapeutic potential of lactoferrin saturated with iron(III) or manganese(III) ions. The difference in biological activity of metal-saturated lactoferrin vs. the unmetalated one is emphasized. The strategies for oral delivery of lactoferrin, are also reviewed, with particular attention to the metalated protein.

scholarly journals Difference in patient-reported outcomes of various patellar component designs in total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 230949902199606
Author(s):  
Takeshi Mochizuki ◽  
Koichiro Yano ◽  
Katsunori Ikari ◽  
Ken Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Patellar Component ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function

Purpose: This study investigated the clinical effects of different patellar components without being affected by the femoral component design in total knee arthritis (TKA) for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: In total, 48 patients with OA who met the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology for OA were enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to two groups according to the usage of patellar component design for TKA (medialized dome type [dome group] or medialized anatomic type [anatomic group]). To evaluate the clinical outcomes for TKA, knee range of motion (ROM), pain intensity of 0–100 mm visual analog scale (pain VAS), and the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) score were obtained at baseline and year 1. Results: The difference in knee ROM, pain VAS, or total JKOM score at year 1 was not significant between the dome and anatomic groups ( p = 0.398, 0.733 and 0.536, respectively). Moreover, similar results were obtained for changes in knee ROM, pain VAS, or total JKOM scores from baseline. In both groups, the pain VAS and total JKOM scores were significantly improved at year 1. Conclusion: Both dome and anatomic groups in TKA are significantly effective for pain and function using the JKOM score. However, their efficacy did not differ, according to the JKOM score. Results of this study are rare information focusing on the patellar component design and provide one of the insights into the TKA clinical management.

scholarly journals Modeled 3D-Structures of Proteobacterial Transglycosylases from Glycoside Hydrolase Family 17 Give Insight in Ligand Interactions Explaining Differences in Transglycosylation Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4048
Author(s):  
Javier A. Linares-Pastén ◽  
Lilja Björk Jonsdottir ◽  
Gudmundur O. Hreggvidsson ◽  
Olafur H. Fridjonsson ◽  
Hildegard Watzlawick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Ligand Docking ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Tim Barrel ◽  
Branching Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hydrolase Family

The structures of glycoside hydrolase family 17 (GH17) catalytic modules from modular proteins in the ndvB loci in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Glt1), P. putida (Glt3) and Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (previously B. japonicum) (Glt20) were modeled to shed light on reported differences between these homologous transglycosylases concerning substrate size, preferred cleavage site (from reducing end (Glt20: DP2 product) or non-reducing end (Glt1, Glt3: DP4 products)), branching (Glt20) and linkage formed (1,3-linkage in Glt1, Glt3 and 1,6-linkage in Glt20). Hybrid models were built and stability of the resulting TIM-barrel structures was supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Catalytic amino acids were identified by superimposition of GH17 structures, and function was verified by mutagenesis using Glt20 as template (i.e., E120 and E209). Ligand docking revealed six putative subsites (−4, −3, −2, −1, +1 and +2), and the conserved interacting residues suggest substrate binding in the same orientation in all three transglycosylases, despite release of the donor oligosaccharide product from either the reducing (Glt20) or non-reducing end (Glt1, Gl3). Subsites +1 and +2 are most conserved and the difference in release is likely due to changes in loop structures, leading to loss of hydrogen bonds in Glt20. Substrate docking in Glt20 indicate that presence of covalently bound donor in glycone subsites −4 to −1 creates space to accommodate acceptor oligosaccharide in alternative subsites in the catalytic cleft, promoting a branching point and formation of a 1,6-linkage. The minimum donor size of DP5, can be explained assuming preferred binding of DP4 substrates in subsite −4 to −1, preventing catalysis.

scholarly journals Multiple closed orbits for N-body-type problems

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Periodic Solutions ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Fixed Energy ◽  
Closed Orbits

Using the equivariant Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory and the estimate of the upper bound of the critical value and lower bound for the collision solutions, we obtain some new results in the large concerning multiple geometrically distinct periodic solutions of fixed energy for a class of planar N-body type problems.

Limit Cycle Bifurcations for Piecewise Smooth Hamiltonian Systems with a Generalized Eye-Figure Loop

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihua Yang ◽  
Liqin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Limit Cycle ◽  
Hamiltonian Systems ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Melnikov Function ◽  
Piecewise Smooth ◽  
First Order ◽  
Period Annulus

This paper deals with the limit cycle bifurcations for piecewise smooth Hamiltonian systems. By using the first order Melnikov function of piecewise near-Hamiltonian systems given in [Liu & Han, 2010], we give a lower bound and an upper bound of the number of limit cycles that bifurcate from the period annulus between the center and the generalized eye-figure loop up to the first order of Melnikov function.

Isolated minima of the product of n linear forms

1953 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Linear Forms ◽  
Image Position

Letbe n linear forms with real coefficients and determinant Δ = ∥ aij∥ ≠ 0; and denote by M(X) the lower bound of | X1X2 … Xn| over all integer sets (u) ≠ (0). It is well known that γn, the upper bound of M(X)/|Δ| over all sets of forms Xi, is finite, and the value of γn has been determined when n = 2 and n = 3.

scholarly journals The Algebraic Degree of Phase-Type Distributions

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 611-629
Author(s):  
Mark Fackrell ◽  
Qi-Ming He ◽  
Peter Taylor ◽  
Hanqin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Polynomial Algorithm ◽  
Algebraic Degree ◽  
Nonnegative Matrices ◽  
Stieltjes Transform ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Phase Type Distributions ◽  
The Matrix

This paper is concerned with properties of the algebraic degree of the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of phase-type (PH) distributions. The main problem of interest is: given a PH generator, how do we find the maximum and the minimum algebraic degrees of all irreducible PH representations with that PH generator? Based on the matrix exponential (ME) order of ME distributions and the spectral polynomial algorithm, a method for computing the algebraic degree of a PH distribution is developed. The maximum algebraic degree is identified explicitly. Using Perron-Frobenius theory of nonnegative matrices, a lower bound and an upper bound on the minimum algebraic degree are found, subject to some conditions. Explicit results are obtained for special cases.

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