Vertical Laryngeal Position During Continuous and Discrete Vocal Frequency Change

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Close Correspondence ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Continuous Frequency ◽  
Voice Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Male Subjects

Six young adult male subjects produced sustained phonation throughout their vocal frequency ranges: first, in a glissando or continuous frequency change maneuver, and second, in discrete intervals at separate trials. Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscle activity and vertical laryngeal position were related to voice fundamental frequency in the two conditions. Each subject consistently positioned his larynx at a resting level when he was instructed to relax or when he was not performing experimental tasks. All larynx positions during experimental tasks were measured as deviations from this resting level. Subjects showed a close correspondence between their vertical laryngeal positions and voice frequencies—more so for the glissando maneuver than for changes in discrete frequency tasks. In general, subjects lowered their larynges from the resting position for low-frequency phonation and raised their larynges for higher fundamental frequencies. Absolute larynx position for the same frequency was quite varied both within and between subjects. Vertical laryngeal position during phonation most often was directly related to the activity of the thyrohyoid and sternothyroid muscles. Neither vertical laryngeal movement nor intrinsic laryngeal activity showed any pattern of relationship to changes between modal and falsetto voice registers.

Laryngeal Correlates of Frequency Change: A STROL Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Hollien ◽  
Robert F. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Male Subjects

Vocal fold area and thickness were studied as a function of fundamental frequency of phonation using the stroboscopic-laminagraphic (STROL) technique. Two lamina-grams each were measured for seven adult male subjects phonating at fundamental frequencies of 98, 124, 155, and 196 Hz; the phonations were controlled also with respect to time (15 seconds/duration) and intensity (70 dB ±2 dB). Results indicate: (1) a moderate trend for vocal fold area to decrease with increasing fundamental frequency; (2) vocal fold thickness decreases with increasing f o of phonation—thus confirming earlier reports resulting from conventional laminagraphic techniques; and (3) greater intra-subject variability in laryngeal area and thickness may exist than was previously noted.

The Effects of Certain Drugs on Phonation

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara V. Fishman ◽  
Robert E. McGlone ◽  
Thomas Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Laryngeal Mucosa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Male Subjects

Five young adult male subjects with normal larynxes were recorded as they sustained phonation during one normal and three drug conditions. The vocal tasks included obtaining the total fundamental frequency range, tone-matching ability, and vocal fry production, and were performed by the subject (1) before drugs, (2) following injection of a tranquilizer-narcotic premedication, (3) after topical anesthesia of the larynx, and (4) during a drug-recovery period. Results showed no significant differences between conditions on any of the measures of sustained phonation. It was concluded that neither depressed cortical function nor sensory deprivation of the laryngeal mucosa alters the subject’s phonatory capabilities essential to the performance of the selected vocal tasks.

Signal-Processing Hearing Aids for the Totally and Profoundly Deaf

1987 ◽  
Vol 96 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
J. R. Walliker ◽  
A. J. Fourcin
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Desktop Computer ◽  
Signal Presentation ◽  
Voice Fundamental Frequency

We have developed a family of single-channel signal-processing aids for the profoundly and totally deaf. Common to them all are the analysis of speech into the components most important to the deaf lipreader; the synthesis of stimuli which make the best use of the patient's sensory abilities; and facilities to ensure accurate matching of the aid to the patient. The totally deaf are electrically stimulated by electrodes on the promontory or on the round window of the cochlea using charge-balanced controlled current square waves automatically adjusted to be at a comfortable level. Many potential candidates for electrocochlear stimulation have significant low frequency residual hearing, but do not find conventional hearing aids to be useful. We have found that they can often make very effective use of the voice fundamental frequency presented as an acoustic sinusoid. Our approach to these patients avoids the need for implant surgery but preserves that option should total loss of hearing occur in the future. Both electrocochlear and acoustic methods of signal presentation are implemented with similar hardware. The speech signal from a microphone or other source is analyzed by a voice fundamental frequency extractor and a voiceless sound detector. Their outputs are processed by a single chip microcomputer that synthesizes the output waveform. In both devices the aid is tailored to the patient using a desktop computer that stores amplitude-frequency characteristics and frequency mapping tables into a read-only memory.

Selected Acoustic Characteristics of Esophageal Speech Produced by Female Laryngectomees

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Weinberg ◽  
Suzanne Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Esophageal Speech ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voice Fundamental Frequency

Voice fundamental frequency (VFF), phonation time, and duration characteristics were analyzed for 15 female and 18 male esophageal speakers to determine whether acoustic differences existed as a function of speaker sex. A significant difference was found between the mean fundamental frequency of esophageal speech produced by men and that produced by women. The average VFF of women was approximately seven semitones higher than that established for men. Without regard to speaker sex, the average voice fundamental frequency for the total sample of 33 talkers was 24.9 semitones (69 Hz). Mean fundamental frequencies for individual speakers ranged from 12.9–43.7 semitones (33–200 Hz). No significant sex differences were found for VFF variability, phonation time, and duration measures. The findings highlight the need for investigators to control for acoustic differences between male and female esophageal speakers.

Some Physiologic Correlates of Vocal-Fry Phonation

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. McGlone ◽  
Thomas Shipp
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Young Adult Males ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle ◽  
Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Subglottal air pressure, airflow, and electromyographic activity of four intrinsic larygeal muscles were recorded during sustained phonation in the vocal-fry and low-frequency modal registers. Nine young adult males were subjects. In modal phonation there was greater airflow, greater cricothyroid and interarytenoid muscle activity, and decreased thyroarytenoid activity than in vocal fry. No differences were found between registers for subglottal air pressure or posterior cricoarytenoid muscle activity.

A Tape Striation Counting Method for Determining Fundamental Frequency

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Mueller ◽  
Marla Adams ◽  
Jean Baehr-Rouse ◽  
Debbie Boos
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Female Subjects

Mean fundamental frequencies of male and female subjects obtained with FLORIDA I and a tape striation counting procedure were compared. The fundamental frequencies obtained with these two methods were similar and it appears that the tape striation counting procedure is a viable, simple, and inexpensive alternative to more costly and complicated procedures and instrumentation.

scholarly journals Magnetoelastic Coupling and Delta-E Effect in Magnetoelectric Torsion Mode Resonators

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2022
Author(s):  
Benjamin Spetzler ◽  
Elizaveta V. Golubeva ◽  
Ron-Marco Friedrich ◽  
Sebastian Zabel ◽  
Christine Kirchhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Mode Number ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
General Description ◽  
Resonance Modes ◽  
Field Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensitivity ◽  
Bending Modes

Magnetoelectric resonators have been studied for the detection of small amplitude and low frequency magnetic fields via the delta-E effect, mainly in fundamental bending or bulk resonance modes. Here, we present an experimental and theoretical investigation of magnetoelectric thin-film cantilevers that can be operated in bending modes (BMs) and torsion modes (TMs) as a magnetic field sensor. A magnetoelastic macrospin model is combined with an electromechanical finite element model and a general description of the delta-E effect of all stiffness tensor components Cij is derived. Simulations confirm quantitatively that the delta-E effect of the C66 component has the promising potential of significantly increasing the magnetic sensitivity and the maximum normalized frequency change ∆fr. However, the electrical excitation of TMs remains challenging and is found to significantly diminish the gain in sensitivity. Experiments reveal the dependency of the sensitivity and ∆fr of TMs on the mode number, which differs fundamentally from BMs and is well explained by our model. Because the contribution of C11 to the TMs increases with the mode number, the first-order TM yields the highest magnetic sensitivity. Overall, general insights are gained for the design of high-sensitivity delta-E effect sensors, as well as for frequency tunable devices based on the delta-E effect.

Effects of Laryngeal Topical Anesthesia on Voice Fundamental Frequency Perturbation

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sorensen ◽  
Yoshiyuki Horii ◽  
Rebecca Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Topical Anesthesia ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Voice Fundamental Frequency

Fundamental frequency perturbation (jitter) during sustained vowel phonations of speakers under topical anesthesia of the larynx was investigated for five adult males. The results showed that the average jitter was significantly greater under the anesthesia than normal conditions, and that the jitter difference between the two conditions was more prominent at high frequency phonations. Implications of these data for tactile and proprioceptive feedback in phonatory frequency control are discussed.

scholarly journals Rheology of rounded mammalian cells over continuous high-frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gotthold Fläschner ◽  
Cosmin I. Roman ◽  
Nico Strohmeyer ◽  
David Martinez-Martin ◽  
Daniel J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Polymer Relaxation ◽  
Continuous Frequency ◽  
Rheological Experiments

AbstractUnderstanding the viscoelastic properties of living cells and their relation to cell state and morphology remains challenging. Low-frequency mechanical perturbations have contributed considerably to the understanding, yet higher frequencies promise to elucidate the link between cellular and molecular properties, such as polymer relaxation and monomer reaction kinetics. Here, we introduce an assay, that uses an actuated microcantilever to confine a single, rounded cell on a second microcantilever, which measures the cell mechanical response across a continuous frequency range ≈ 1–40 kHz. Cell mass measurements and optical microscopy are co-implemented. The fast, high-frequency measurements are applied to rheologically monitor cellular stiffening. We find that the rheology of rounded HeLa cells obeys a cytoskeleton-dependent power-law, similar to spread cells. Cell size and viscoelasticity are uncorrelated, which contrasts an assumption based on the Laplace law. Together with the presented theory of mechanical de-embedding, our assay is generally applicable to other rheological experiments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document