Computerized Pure-Tone Audiometric Procedures

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Wood ◽  
Walter W. Wittich ◽  
Robert B. Mahaffey
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Computerized Procedures ◽  
Auditory Functions ◽  
Audiometric Test

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer program and the necessary interfacing systems which would enable a PDP/8-I digital computer to (1) control all aspects of administering pure-tone air- and bone-conduction stimuli; (2) recognize the need for masking based on unmasked auditory thresholds, determine the appropriate level of masking, and regulate the presentation of the masker to the nontest ear; (3) analyze the subject’s responses to the above procedures in terms of threshold-determination criteria; and (4) present the obtained thresholds in audiogram format at the conclusion of the computerized testing procedure. The threshold accuracy of this automated design was evaluated in terms of Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and average deviations of differences obtained between thresholds determined by a clinical audiologist and computer-determined threshold values when each performed these audiometric test procedures on the same hypacusic subjects. The results of this study indicate that the computerized procedures used to determine pure-tone air- and bone-conduction thresholds are, in terms of the patients tested, a clinically feasible means of assessing these auditory functions.

scholarly journals Audiological implications of COVID-19: an integrative literature review

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgea Espindola Ribeiro ◽  
Daniela Polo Camargo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Conductive Hearing ◽  
Pure Tone Threshold

ABSTRACT Purpose: to survey the national and international literature on the impacts of the coronavirus infection on the auditory system. Methods: an integrative review with search in the BIREME, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases. Inclusion criteria: articles in Portuguese and English whose subject was the coronavirus infection and its effects on the auditory system. Exclusion criteria: information from books and/or chapters, letters to editors, review articles, experience reports. The search strategy was based on the following combined descriptors, respectively in Portuguese and English: “Infecções por coronavírus”, “Audição”, “Perda auditiva”, “Coronavirus infections”, “Hearing”, “Hearing Loss”. Results: out of 43 articles found, two approached the issue. The first study assessed 20 patients that tested positive for COVID-19, though asymptomatic, who underwent pure-tone threshold audiometry and otoacoustic emissions. A significant increase in the auditory thresholds at high frequencies and a smaller response amplitude in the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions of those who tested positive for COVID-19 were observed when compared to that of controls. The second study reported the case of an asymptomatic 35-year-old COVID-19 female patient, who complained of otalgia and tinnitus, after being contaminated. The pure-tone threshold audiometry and tympanometry indicated mild unilateral (right ear) conductive hearing loss, with a type B tympanometric curve on that side. Conclusion: the studies included in this review showed different consequences of COVID-19 on hearing, with possible impairments on the sensory and mechanical structures of the auditory system. The knowledge of COVID-19 is limited, and further studies on its real impact on the auditory system are necessary.

scholarly journals Pure-tone audiometry without bone-conduction thresholds: using the digits-in-noise test to detect conductive hearing loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina C. De Sousa ◽  
Cas Smits ◽  
David R. Moore ◽  
Hermanus Carel Myburgh ◽  
De Wet Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Current Evaluation of Pseudohypacusis: Strategies and Classification

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Qiu ◽  
Fred J. Stucker ◽  
Shengguang S. Yin ◽  
Louis W. Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Quantitative Diagnosis ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Medicolegal Aspects ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Audiologic Evaluation ◽  
Complex Cases

Some cases of pseudohypacusis may involve medicolegal aspects and require a confirmed and quantitative diagnosis. These challenging cases must be identified, and then evaluated with basic audiologic and sophisticated electrophysiologic tests. Data on 64 patients with pseudohypacusis collected over a 4-year period are reported. A classification system was developed from an analysis of these cases and is presented for clinical evaluation and diagnosis. In many cases, conventional audiologic evaluation involving pure tone and speech audiometry may be adequate and sufficient for diagnosis. In more complex cases, evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) are needed for confirmation of peripheral auditory sensitivity. We found that EOAEs were the most rapid, economical, and objective method, and confirmed the diagnosis of hearing loss in 78.1 % of cases. Fifteen percent of subjects required ABRs to substantiate the diagnosis. The reliability of basic audiologic tests based on previous clinical investigations and data from the literature are discussed. We conclude that a thorough knowledge and understanding of pseudohypacusis is essential to verify the existence of pseudohypacusis, to determine its type, and to quantify the auditory thresholds.

The prognostic influence of pre-surgery bone conduction values on the improvement of hearing in patients treated surgically as a result of middle-ear conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Job ◽  
Jacek Składzień
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Middle Ear Mechanics ◽  
Prognostic Importance ◽  
Mechanical Influence

Background The influence of the mechanics of the middle ear on the function of the inner ear has been studied for many years. Among surgeries performed in the middle-ear area, those restoring full functionality of the system transmitting sound inside the middle ear may be pointed out as those fully restoring the mechanical influence of the middle ear on the function of the inner ear. Aim: The aim of the performed analysis is to find the prognostic importance of measured pre-surgery values of bone conduction on the improvement of hearing in patients operated as a result of middle-ear disorders. Methods The analysis included 271 patients hospitalised and operated on due to otosclerosis or perforation of the tympanic membrane between 2016 and 2019. Only patients who had not had a surgical operation within the middle ear prior to the study were included. An audiological assessment was performed with the use of pure tone thresholds audiometry. Results A beneficial influence of the performed surgery on the improvement of bone conduction was observed in patients, in which the average threshold value of bone conduction measured before the surgery did not exceed 40 dB. In cases of the perceptive component of hearing impairment being higher than 40 dB, no statistically significant, beneficial influence of a performed stapedotomy or myringoplasty on the change of bone conduction thresholds was observed. Conclusion The perception component of hearing impairment up to 40 dB indicates bone conduction improvement after surgical restoration of the influence of middle-ear mechanics on the inner ear in patients treated as a result of otosclerosis, as well as of eardrum perforation.

Internet Application to Tele-Audiology—“Nothin’ but Net”

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg D. Givens ◽  
Saravanan Elangovan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
East Carolina University ◽  
Air Conduction

The Telehealth program at East Carolina University has developed a system for real-time assessment of auditory thresholds using computer driven control of a remote audiometer via the Internet. The present study used 45 adult participants in a double-blind study of 2 different systems: a conventional audiometer and an audiometer operated remotely via the Internet. The audiometric thresholds assessed by these 2 systems varied by no more than 1.3 dB for air conduction and 1.2 dB for bone conduction. The results demonstrated the feasibility of this new "telehearing" audiometric system. With the rapid development of Internet-based applications, telehealth has the potential to provide important healthcare coverage for rural areas where specialized audiological services are lacking.

Can audiometric results predict qualitative hearing improvements in bone-anchored hearing aid recipients?

2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M L McNeil ◽  
M Gulliver ◽  
D P Morris ◽  
F M Makki ◽  
M Bance
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
Pure Tone Average ◽  
Hearing Handicap ◽  
Bone Anchored Hearing Aid

AbstractIntroduction:Patients receiving a bone-anchored hearing aid have well-documented improvements in their quality of life and audiometric performance. However, the relationship between audiometric measurements and subjective improvement is not well understood.Methods:Adult patients enrolled in the Nova Scotia bone-anchored hearing aid programme were identified. The pure tone average for fitting the sound-field threshold, as well as the better and worse hearing ear bone conduction and air conduction levels, were collected pre-operatively. Recipients were asked to complete the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire; their partners were asked to complete a pre- and post-bone anchored hearing aid fitting Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire.Results:Forty-eight patients who completed and returned the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire had partners who completed the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire. The results from the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing questionnaire correlated with the sound-field hearing threshold post-bone-anchored hearing aid fitting and the pure tone average of the better hearing ear bone conduction (total Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale to the pre-operative better hearing ear air curve (r = 0.3); worse hearing ear air curve (r = 0.27); post-operative, bone-anchored hearing aid-aided sound-field thresholds (r = 0.35)). An improvement in sound-field threshold correlated only with spatial abilities. In the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire, there was no correlation between the subjective evaluation of each patient and their partner.Conclusion:The subjective impressions of hearing aid recipients with regards to speech reception and the spatial qualities of hearing correlate well with pre-operative audiometric results. However, the overall magnitude of sound-field improvement predicts an improvement of spatial perception, but not other aspects of hearing, resulting in hearing aid recipients having strongly disparate subjective impressions when compared to those of their partners.

Normal Brief-Tone Bone-Conduction Behavioral Thresholds Using the B-71 Transducer: Three Occlusion Conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Small ◽  
David R. Stapells
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Behavioral Thresholds ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Occlusion Effect ◽  
Response Testing ◽  
Brief Tones ◽  
Air Conduction

Behavioral thresholds were measured from 31 adults with normal hearing for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz brief tones presented using a B-71 bone oscillator. Three occlusion conditions were assessed: ears unoccluded, one ear occluded, and both ears occluded. Mean threshold force levels were 67, 54, 49, and 41 dB re:1μN peak-to-peak equivalent in the unoccluded condition for 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, respectively (corrected for air-conduction pure-tone thresholds). A significant occlusion effect was observed for 500 and 1000 Hz stimuli. These thresholds may be used as the 0 dB nHL (normalhearing level) for brief-tone bone-conduction stimuli for auditory brainstem response testing.

scholarly journals A study to assess hearing improvement after fat graft myringoplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Nupur Midha ◽  
Gurbax Singh ◽  
Rachna Dhingra ◽  
Rajwant Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Hearing Improvement ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Bone Conduction Threshold ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforations ◽  
Number Of Patients

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanic membrane perforations result mainly from infectious and traumatic etiologies. Postoperative outcomes of reconstructive surgeries of hearing mechanism have routinely been assessed by take up rates and air bone gap closure on pure tone testing. The present study was conducted to assess hearing improvement after fat graft myringoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present prospective study was conducted from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2017 to 30<sup>th</sup> June 2018. The study population consists of patients of age 18 to 60 years. The subjects with safe or tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media with small dry central perforation or perforation of the pars tensa less than 3 mm were included in the study. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was consigned to an audiologist who was blind to the study. Air conduction threshold level was measured at frequencies 0.25 to 8 kHz and bone conduction threshold level was measured at frequencies 0.5 to 4 kHz; average air bone gap of each patient was calculated preoperatively and postoperatively at one and three months at the frequencies 500 Hz, 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 30 patients, 15 (50.00%) had pre-operative bone conduction threshold in the range of 0-10 dB HL and rest 15 (50.00%) had between 11-20 dB HL. Majority of them i.e. 20 had post-operative air bone gap in the range of 0-10 dB HL whereas 02 had pre op air bone gap in this range, followed by 07 with air bone gap in the range of 11-20 dB HL as compared to 18 in the pre op and 03 in the range of 21-30 dB HL as compared to 10 in the pre op. Paired t test reveals results are significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Postoperative audiometry at the end of 1 month revealed majority i.e. 14 had air bone gap in range of 0-10 dB HL thus showing improvement in hearing. Postoperative audiometry at the end of 3 months revealed maximum number of patients i.e. 20 in the range of 0-10 dB HL which showed further improvement in hearing in the form of decrease in air bone gap.</p><p class="Default"> </p>

Automated Smartphone Audiometry: A Preliminary Validation of a Bone-Conduction Threshold Test App

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Dewyer ◽  
Patpong Jiradejvong ◽  
David S. Lee ◽  
Jacquelyn D. Kemmer ◽  
Jennifer Henderson Sabes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Bone Conduction Threshold ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Threshold Testing

Objective: To develop and validate an automated smartphone app that determines bone-conduction pure-tone thresholds. Methods: A novel app, called EarBone, was developed as an automated test to determine best-cochlea pure-tone bone-conduction thresholds using a smartphone driving a professional-grade bone oscillator. Adult, English-speaking patients who were undergoing audiometric assessment by audiologists at an academic health system as part of their prescribed care were invited to use the EarBone app. Best-ear bone-conduction thresholds determined by the app and the gold standard audiologist were compared. Results: Forty subjects with varied hearing thresholds were tested. Sixty-one percent of app-determined thresholds were within 5 dB of audiologist-determined thresholds, and 79% were within 10 dB. Nearly all subjects required assistance with placing the bone oscillator on their mastoid. Conclusion: Best-cochlea bone-conduction thresholds determined by the EarBone automated smartphone audiometry app approximate those determined by an audiologist. This serves as a proof of concept for automated smartphone-based bone-conduction threshold testing. Further improvements, such as the addition of contralateral ear masking, are needed to make the app clinically useful.

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