Speaking Rate: Effects on Children’s Comprehension of Normal Speech

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Berry ◽  
Robert L. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Linguistic Development ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Comprehension Score ◽  
Normal Speech

This study investigated the comprehension of speech among children in maturational stages of linguistic development when speech was presented at varying rates of utterance by a trained speaker. Five groups, each consisting of a subgroup of 10 kindergarten and a subgroup of 10 second-grade children, were presented with a tape-recorded administration of the receptive section of the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test (NSST). Each group heard the test at one or another of the following rates: 2.6, 3.4, 4.7, 5.3, or 6.3 syllables per second. A mean comprehension score was determined for each group and subgroup, and a treatment-by-levels analysis of variance was completed. Results indicated that comprehension was higher at the two slower rates than at the three faster rates. Rate by grade interaction was nonsignificant and comprehension differences between sexes appeared virtually nonexistent.

Speech Rate Reduction and "Nasality" in Normal Speakers

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. Brancewicz ◽  
Alan R. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Significant Stimulus ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Stimulus Effects ◽  
Normal Adults

This study explored the effects of reduced speech rate on nasal/voice accelerometric measures and nasality ratings. Nasal/voice accelerometric measures were obtained from normal adults for various speech stimuli and speaking rates. Stimuli included three sentences (one obstruent-loaded, one semivowel-loaded, and one containing a single nasal), and /p/ syllable trains. Speakers read the stimuli at their normal rate, half their normal rate, and as slowly as possible. In addition, a computer program paced each speaker at rates of 1, 2, and 3 syllables per second. The nasal/voice accelerometric values revealed significant stimulus effects but no rate effects. The nasality ratings of experienced listeners, evaluated as a function of stimulus and speaking rate, were compared to the accelerometric measures. The nasality scale values demonstrated small, but statistically significant, stimulus and rate effects. However, the nasality percepts were poorly correlated with the nasal/voice accelerometric measures.

Tongue–Palate Contact Pressure, Oral Air Pressure, and Acoustics of Clear Speech

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Searl ◽  
Paul M. Evitts
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Clarity ◽  
Normal Speech ◽  
Listener Ratings

Purpose The authors compared articulatory contact pressure (ACP), oral air pressure (Po), and speech acoustics for conversational versus clear speech. They also assessed the relationship of these measures to listener perception. Method Twelve adults with normal speech produced monosyllables in a phrase using conversational and clear speech. Target phonemes were /t, d, s, z, l, n/. ACP was measured at a point of articulatory contact; Po was sensed by a catheter open in the posterior oral cavity. Results ACP was increased to a greater extent in clear speech for /t, d, z/. Po was increased to a greater extent for /t, d/. Acoustic changes also occurred in terms of segment durations, speaking rate, and CV dB ratio. Regression analysis indicated that segment duration was the strongest predictor of listener ratings of speech clarity, followed by an index of articulatory effort and speaking rate. Conclusion Articulatory effort, as indexed by ACP, Po, and CV dB ratio, was increased to varying degrees depending on the consonant. Greatest changes occurred for /t, d/. Durational measures at both the segment and the phrase level were also important for predicting listener ratings of speech clarity.

Final lengthening: Speaking rate effects.

1991 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2311-2311
Author(s):  
F. Bell‐Berti ◽  
Sheila Regan ◽  
Mary Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Rate Effects

scholarly journals THE EFFECT KIND OF WRITTEN TEST AND BELIEF OF MATHEMATIC TOWARD MATHEMATICRESULT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Positive Belief ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level Design ◽  
Written Test ◽  
Quasi Experiment

This study aim is to find out the effect kind of written test and belief of mathematic toward mathematic result. The sample in this research is the second grade of vocational school of YPI Way Jepara. The dependent variable is mathematic result and independent variable is kind of written test that are depent to problem solving test and structure exercise method test, and belief of mathematic that are depent to positive and negative category. The instrument that use are mathematic result test and quisioner about mathematic belief. The method used was an quasi experiment method using the treatment by level design 2 x 2. The research hypotheses were tested using two way analysis of variance (ANAVA). The study concluded that mathematic result which the student have positive belief of mathematic is more effective treat by problem solving test, and the mathematic result of the student that

A Grammatical Judgment Screening Test for Young Elementary School-Aged Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fujiki ◽  
Bonnie Brinton ◽  
Sheryl Dunton
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Grammatical Judgment

This study examined the effectiveness of a grammatical judgment screening task in separating linguistically normal and language-disordered first, second, and third-grade children. Ten language-disordered and 10 linguistically normal children were selected from each of these grade levels, for a total of 60 subjects. The children were individually presented with a set of 30 ungrammatical sentences and required to judge the grammaticality of each sentence. If the sentence was judged to be ungrammatical, the child was asked to correct the sentence. Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the performance of the normal and language-disordered children at the first and second grade levels.

Speaking Clearly for Older Adults With Normal Hearing: The Role of Speaking Rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 3851-3859
Author(s):  
Jean C. Krause ◽  
Athina Panagos Panagiotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Clear Speech ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Slow Condition ◽  
Normal Speech ◽  
Normal Speaking

Purpose Talkers typically use a slow speaking rate when producing clear speech, a speaking style that has been widely shown to improve intelligibility over conversational speech in difficult communication environments. With training, however, talkers can learn to produce a form of clear speech at normal speaking rates that provides young listeners with normal hearing much of the same intelligibility benefit. The purpose of this study was to determine if older listeners with normal hearing can also obtain an intelligibility benefit from clear speech at normal rates. Method Eight older listeners (55–68 years of age) with normal hearing were presented with nonsense sentences from 4 talkers in a background of speech-shaped noise (signal-to-noise ratio = 0 dB). Intelligibility (percent correct key words) was evaluated for conversational and clear speech produced at 2 speaking rates (normal and slow), for a total of 4 conditions: conv/normal, conv/slow, clear/normal, and clear/slow. Results As expected, the clear/slow speaking condition provided a large and robust intelligibility advantage (23 points) over conv/normal speech. The conv/slow condition provided almost as much benefit on average (21 points) but was highly variable across talkers. Notably, the clear/normal speaking condition provided the same size intelligibility advantage (14 points), previously reported for young listeners with normal hearing ( Krause & Braida, 2002 ), thus extending the benefit of clear speech at normal speaking rates to older normal-hearing listeners. Conclusions Applications based on clear/normal speech (e.g., signal processing approaches for hearing aids) have the potential to provide comparable intelligibility improvements to older and younger listeners alike.

Identification of Brief Pauses in the Fluent Speech of Stutterers and Nonstutterers

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Russ Love ◽  
Lloyd A. Jeffress
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Pause Length ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Speech

Research has indicated that the fluent speech of stutterers is different from normal speech. A previous experiment suggested that a part of the difference between the fluent speech of normals and stutterers is to be found in the number of brief pauses, but varying recording gain levels could have affected the measurements. The present paper reports an attempt to resolve the gain problem and to examine brief pauses in the speech waveform. Twenty-five normal subjects, and 25 fluent stutterers were employed as subjects. Taped samples of reading were processed, using a Computer of Average Transients as the basic unit. An analysis of variance showed decisively that in our method of processing the speech samples, gain had affected pause length but had done so in the same manner for both stutterers and nonstutterers. There was no interaction. Stutterers were found to have a significantly greater number of pauses 150 to 250 msec long. A simple counter, called a Speech-Pause Counter, was devised which was able to give results as reliable as those of the computer, using a single sample of speech from each subject.

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