The Function of Laryngeal Muscles in Regulating Fundamental Frequency and Intensity of Phonation

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Hirano ◽  
John Ohala ◽  
William Vennard
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Normal Speech

The activity of three intrinsic laryngeal muscles in the regulation of fundamental frequency and intensity of phonation was studied electromyographically in six subjects. The regulatory mechanism of fundamental frequency and intensity differed for different registers and fundamental frequencies. In general, the contribution of the laryngeal muscles in changing these parameters was greater in chest register than in falsetto and particularly less in high falsetto. There was no essential difference in the muscular activity patterns between singing in chest register and normal speech as far as control of these two aspects of voice is concerned.

scholarly journals Subglottal pressure, tracheal airflow, and intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity during rat ultrasound vocalization

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 2580-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Riede
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Laryngeal Muscle ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Ultrasound Vocalization ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Vocal production requires complex planning and coordination of respiratory, laryngeal, and vocal tract movements, which are incompletely understood in most mammals. Rats produce a variety of whistles in the ultrasonic range that are of communicative relevance and of importance as a model system, but the sources of acoustic variability were mostly unknown. The goal was to identify sources of fundamental frequency variability. Subglottal pressure, tracheal airflow, and electromyographic (EMG) data from two intrinsic laryngeal muscles were measured during 22-kHz and 50-kHz call production in awake, spontaneously behaving adult male rats. During ultrasound vocalization, subglottal pressure ranged between 0.8 and 1.9 kPa. Pressure differences between call types were not significant. The relation between fundamental frequency and subglottal pressure within call types was inconsistent. Experimental manipulations of subglottal pressure had only small effects on fundamental frequency. Tracheal airflow patterns were also inconsistently associated with frequency. Pressure and flow seem to play a small role in regulation of fundamental frequency. Muscle activity, however, is precisely regulated and very sensitive to alterations, presumably because of effects on resonance properties in the vocal tract. EMG activity of cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid muscle was tonic in calls with slow or no fundamental frequency modulations, like 22-kHz and flat 50-kHz calls. Both muscles showed brief high-amplitude, alternating bursts at rates up to 150 Hz during production of frequency-modulated 50-kHz calls. A differentiated and fine regulation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles is critical for normal ultrasound vocalization. Many features of the laryngeal muscle activation pattern during ultrasound vocalization in rats are shared with other mammals.

A Tape Striation Counting Method for Determining Fundamental Frequency

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Mueller ◽  
Marla Adams ◽  
Jean Baehr-Rouse ◽  
Debbie Boos
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Female Subjects

Mean fundamental frequencies of male and female subjects obtained with FLORIDA I and a tape striation counting procedure were compared. The fundamental frequencies obtained with these two methods were similar and it appears that the tape striation counting procedure is a viable, simple, and inexpensive alternative to more costly and complicated procedures and instrumentation.

The Influence of Support Hardware and Piping System Seismic Response on Snubber Support Damping

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lay ◽  
O. A. Abu-Yasein ◽  
M. A. Pickett ◽  
J. Madia ◽  
S. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Damping Coefficient ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Nodal Displacement ◽  
Damping Coefficients ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Piping Systems

The damping coefficients and ratios of piping system snubber supports were found to vary logarithmically with pipe support nodal displacement. For piping systems with fundamental frequencies in the range of 0.6 to 6.6 Hz, the support damping ratio for snubber supports was found to increase with increasing fundamental frequency. For 3-kip snubbers, damping coefficient and damping ratio decreased logarithmically with nodal displacement, indicating that the 3-kip snubbers studied behaved essentially as coulomb dampers; while for the 10-kip snubbers studied, damping coefficient and damping ratio increased logarithmically with nodal displacement.

Electrical activity and relative length changes of dog limb muscles as a function of speed and gait

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Goslow ◽  
H. J. Seeherman ◽  
C. R. Taylor ◽  
M. N. McCutchin ◽  
N. C. Heglund
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Length Changes

Electrical activity and length changes of 11 muscles of the fore- and hind- limbs of dogs walking, running, and galloping on a treadmill, were measured as a function of forward speed and gait. Our purpose was to find out whether the activity patterns of the major limb muscles were consistent with the two mechanisms proposed for storage and recovery of energy within a stride: a ‘pendulum-like’ mechanism during a walk, and a ‘spring-like’ mechanism during a run. In the stance phase of the walking dog, we found that the supraspinatus, long head of the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius underwent only minor length changes during a relatively long portion of their activity, Thus, a major part of their activity during the walk seems consistent with a role in stabilization of the joints as the dog ‘pole-vaulted’ over its limbs (and thereby conserved energy). In the stance phase of trotting and/or galloping dogs, we found that the supraspinatus, lateral head of the triceps, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius were active while being stretched prior to shortening (as would be required for elastic storage of energy), and that this type of activity increased with increasing speed. We also found muscular activity in the select limb flexors that was consistent with storage of kinetic energy at the end of the swing phase and recovery during the propulsive stroke. This activity pattern was apparent in the latissimus dorsi during a walk and trot, and in the biceps femoris during a trot and gallop. We conclude that, during locomotion, a significant fraction of the electrical activity of a number of limbs muscles occurs while they undergo little or no length change or are being stretched prior to shortening and that these types of activities occur in a manner that would enable the operation of pendulum-like and spring-like mechanisms for conserving energy within a stride. Therefore these forms of muscular activity, in addition to the more familiar activity associated with muscle shortening, should be considered to be important during locomotion.

Muscular activity patterns of female and male athletes during the flat bench press

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Artur Gołaś ◽  
Adam Maszczyk ◽  
Przemysław Pietraszewski ◽  
Michał Wilk ◽  
Petr Stastny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Male Athletes

scholarly journals Motor Innervation of the Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles: A Histochemical Study with the Glycogen Depletion Technique.

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Aibara ◽  
Hiroshi Okamura ◽  
Toshihiro Mori ◽  
Yuji Kawamura ◽  
Seiji Kawakita
Keyword(s):  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Motor Innervation ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

scholarly journals Triangular body-cover model of the vocal folds with coordinated activation of the five intrinsic laryngeal muscles

2022 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Alzamendi ◽  
Sean D. Peterson ◽  
Byron D. Erath ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Matías Zañartu
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Laryngeal Muscles ◽  
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
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