Some Relationships Between Audiometry and Cochlear Microphonics in Man

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Finck ◽  
Max L. Ronis ◽  
Philip E. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Cochlear Microphonics ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic ◽  
Frequency Sensitivity ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Cochlear Microphonic Potentials

Cochlear microphonic potentials, recorded with round window electrodes, were obtained from six patients in the operating room. The response criterion consisted of the sound pressure level, for which the cochlear voltage was at a minimum reading at each of five test frequencies. These data were compared to standard audiometric thresholds for the same ears. The relationships between audiometric (behavioral) data and electrophysiological responses indicate comparable frequency sensitivity to sound. Cochlear microphonic measurement presents a valid method for approaching the threshold of auditory sensitivity in man.

Electrocochleography in the Presence and Absence of Perilymphatic Fistula

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen C. M. Campbell ◽  
Michael M. Savage ◽  
Lee A. Harker
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Amplitude Ratio ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Round Window Membrane ◽  
Perilymphatic Fistula ◽  
Summating Potential

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an acute perilymphatic fistula on the amplitude ratio (SP/AP) of the summating potential (SP) and action potential (AP). The effect of the acute fistula on AP threshold was also addressed. Electrocochleo-graphic recordings were obtained before and immediately after surgical laceration of the round window membrane in 19 guinea pigs. Stimuli comprised clicks and 2,000-Hz and 8,000-Hz tone bursts, presented initially at 100 dB peak equivalent sound pressure level and in descending 10-dB steps. After fistula induction the SP/AP significantly increased for the click and 8,000-Hz tone burst stimuli but not for the 2,000-Hz tone burst stimuli. No significant change in AP threshold occurred. These findings suggest that the SP/AP may be sensitive to perilymphatic fistula, at least in guinea pigs. The changes in the SP/AP do not appear to be related to changes in threshold.

Contributions of Voice and Nonverbal Communication to Perceived Masculinity–Femininity for Cisgender and Transgender Communicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-947
Author(s):  
Teresa L. D. Hardy ◽  
Carol A. Boliek ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Justin Lewicke ◽  
Kristopher Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Presentation Mode ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Vocal Tract Resonance ◽  
Point Light

Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity–femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women ( n = 10 of each) and transgender women ( n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers ( n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity–femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity–femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired.

Case study: Theoretical calculation model and variable condition analysis research on the water-splashing noise for natural draft wet cooling towers

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Yang Zhouo ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Suoying He ◽  
Yuetao Shi ◽  
Fengzhong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Water Droplet ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Cooling Towers

Based on the basic theory of water droplets impact noise, the generation mechanism and calculation model of the water-splashing noise for natural draft wet cooling towers were established in this study, and then by means of the custom software, the water-splashing noise was studied under different water droplet diameters and water-spraying densities as well as partition water distribution patterns conditions. Comparedwith the water-splashing noise of the field test, the average difference of the theoretical and the measured value is 0.82 dB, which validates the accuracy of the established theoretical model. The results based on theoretical model showed that, when the water droplet diameters are smaller in cooling tower, the attenuation of total sound pressure level of the water-splashing noise is greater. From 0 m to 8 m away from the cooling tower, the sound pressure level of the watersplashing noise of 3 mm and 6 mm water droplets decreases by 8.20 dB and 4.36 dB, respectively. Additionally, when the water-spraying density becomes twice of the designed value, the sound pressure level of water-splashing noise all increases by 3.01 dB for the cooling towers of 300 MW, 600 MW and 1000 MW units. Finally, under the partition water distribution patterns, the change of the sound pressure level is small. For the R s/2 and Rs/3 partition radius (Rs is the radius of water-spraying area), when the water-spraying density ratio between the outer and inner zone increases from 1 to 3, the sound pressure level of water-splashing noise increases by 0.7 dB and 0.3 dB, respectively.

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