Averaged Evoked Responses and Loudness: Analysis of Response Estimates

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen B. Henry ◽  
Donald C. Teas
Keyword(s):  
Noise Burst ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Maximum Estimate

Averaged evoked responses to noise burst signals at six sensation levels were obtained in three experimental contexts and compared on the basis of response magnitude. No significant effects were found related to context; systematic differences were found, however, within the ensemble of responses making up the average. These differences suggest that the maximum estimate of response magnitude may be contained in the first few responses to a series of stimuli.

State-Dependent GABAergic Inhibition of Sciatic Nerve-Evoked Responses of Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract Neurons

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1479-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niwat Taepavarapruk ◽  
Shelly A. McErlane ◽  
Angela Chan ◽  
Sylvia Chow ◽  
Liz Fabian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
The State ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Active Sleep ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Spike Response ◽  
Spinocerebellar Tract

Peripheral nerve-evoked potentials recorded in the cerebellum 35 yr ago inferred that sensory transmission via the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) is reduced occasionally and only during eye movements of active sleep compared with wakefulness or quiet sleep. A reduction or withdrawal of primary afferent input and/or ongoing inhibition of individual lumbar DSCT neurons may underlie this occurrence. This study distinguished between these possibilities by examining whether peripheral nerve-evoked responses recorded from individual DSCT neurons are suppressed specifically during active sleep, and if so, whether GABA mediates this phenomenon. Synaptic responses to threshold stimuli applied to the sciatic nerve were characterized by a single spike response at short latency and/or a longer latency burst of action potentials. During the state of quiet wakefulness, response magnitude did not differ from that observed during quiet sleep. During active sleep, short and long latency responses were suppressed by 26 and 14%, respectively, and returned to pre-active sleep levels following awakening from active sleep. Sciatic nerve-evoked early and late responses were further analyzed in a paired fashion around computer-tagged eye movement events that hallmark the state of active sleep. Response magnitude was suppressed by 14.4 and 11.5%, respectively, during eye movement events of active sleep. The GABAA antagonist bicuculline, applied juxtacellularly by microiontophoresis, abolished response suppression during non–eye movement periods and eye movement events of active sleep. In conclusion, synaptic transmission via DSCT neurons is inhibited by GABA tonically during non–eye movement periods and phasically during eye movement events of active sleep.

Transcallosal circuitry revealed by blocking and disinhibiting callosal input in the cat

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Shi Sun ◽  
B. Li ◽  
M. H. Ma ◽  
Y. C. Diao
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to obtain quantitative measures of the influence of callosal input to cells at the area 17/18 border region where transcallosal axons terminate most densely. Single-cell recordings were performed at the area 17/18 border region of the right hemisphere, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or its antagonist, bicuculline, were applied to the transcallosal projecting regions of the left hemisphere to either block or overactivate the cells which projected to the neurons at the recording site. The results showed that visually evoked responses of the cells at the area 17/18 border were affected by administration of GABA or bicuculline to the contralateral hemisphere. Blockade of transcallosal input by application of GABA in the left hemisphere diminished the visually evoked responses of 51% of the neurons in the right hemisphere, and led to an increase in response magnitude for 17% of the neurons. Disinhibition of transcallosal input by application of bicuculline increased the evoked activity of 40% of the neurons and diminished the response magnitude of 20% of the neurons in the right hemisphere. GABA and bicuculline failed to show antagonistic effects on some cells. Thirty-two percent of the cells were affected by only one type of drug administration, and 13% of the cells showed either an increase or a decrease in responses after both GABA and then bicuculline administration. This study demonstrated complex interactions between neurons connected by the transcallosal pathway. A model of the transcallosal circuitry was proposed to explain the results.

Hearing in Mice by GSR Audiometry: II. Magnitude of Unconditioned GSR as a Function of Intensity and Frequency Interactions

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Gill ◽  
Charles I. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Response Magnitude ◽  
Single Units ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Subjective Magnitude ◽  
Orderly Fashion ◽  
Viiith Nerve

The unconditioned GSR’s elicited by tones of 60, 70, 80, and 90 dB SPL were largest in the mouse in the ranges around 10,000 Hz. The growth of response magnitude with intensity followed a power law (10 .17 to 10 .22 , depending upon frequency) and suggested that the unconditioned GSR magnitude assessed overall subjective magnitude of tones to the mouse in an orderly fashion. It is suggested that hearing sensitivity as assessed by these means may be closely related to the spectral content of the mouse’s vocalization as well as to the number of critically sensitive single units in the mouse’s VIIIth nerve.

Concurrent Electrodermal and Eyeblink Conditioning With Masked and Unmasked Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
José Luis Marcos ◽  
Azahara Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Eyeblink Conditioning ◽  
Noise Burst ◽  
Conditioning Phase ◽  
Contingency Awareness ◽  
Blank Screen ◽  
Neutral Face ◽  
Fearful Face

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine if contingency awareness between the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is necessary for concurrent electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning to masked stimuli. An angry woman’s face (CS+) and a fearful face (CS−) were presented for 23 milliseconds (ms) and followed by a neutral face as a mask. A 98 dB noise burst (US) was administered 477 ms after CS+ offset to elicit both electrodermal and eyeblink responses. For the unmasking conditioning a 176 ms blank screen was inserted between the CS and the mask. Contingency awareness was assessed using trial-by-trial ratings of US-expectancy in a post-conditioning phase. The results showed acquisition of differential electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning in aware, but not in unaware participants. Acquisition of differential eyeblink conditioning required more trials than electrodermal conditioning. These results provided strong evidence of the causal role of contingency awareness on differential eyeblink and electrodermal conditioning.

Lapses in alertness: Brain-evoked responses to task-irrelevant auditory probes.

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Makeig ◽  
F. Scot Elliott ◽  
Mark Inlow ◽  
David A. Kobus
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Human cerebral evoked responses to odorous stimuli

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truett Allison ◽  
William R. Goff
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Responses
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