The Development of Auditory Feedback Monitoring: I. Delayed Auditory Feedback Studies on Infant Cry

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Cullen ◽  
Nancy Fargo ◽  
Richard A. Chase ◽  
Peggy Baker
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Pause Time ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Feedback Monitoring ◽  
Auditory Monitoring ◽  
Msec Delay ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control

Vocal cry samples of 20 normal newborn infants were recorded under two test conditions: synchronous auditory feedback and a 200 msec delay in auditory feedback (DAF). Averages for cry duration, pause time, and maximum sound pressure level were obtained for 16 of the 20 subjects. An analysis of variance showed significant effects for cry duration and amplitude (p < 0.05) but not for pause time. Subjects tended to decrease the average duration of cry bursts by more than 100 msec during the DAF test conditions. The resus, while not conclusive, indicate that cry behavior may be under closed-loop auditory feedback control. It is suggested that the auditory monitoring of cry behavior be further investigated by the use of several delay times. If the magnitude and character of changes in crying behavior show consistent variation as a function of delay time, more persuasive evidence for an auditory feedback monitoring system will have been adduced.

The Development of Auditory Feedback Monitoring: II. Delayed Auditory Feedback Studies on the Speech of Children Between Two and Three Years of Age

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Yeni-Komshian ◽  
Richard Allen Chase ◽  
Richard L. Mobley
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Signal Presentation ◽  
Standard Object ◽  
Feedback Monitoring ◽  
Msec Delay

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the auditory feedback monitoring system for speech is operative in children between two and three years of age. The procedure involved a 200 msec delay in the auditory feedback of the subject’s speech. Bilateral signal presentation was used for the synchronous (SAF) and delay (DAF) conditions. Phonation time scores under DAF and SAF conditions were compared. In Experiment I, 10 subjects, ages 2 years, 4 months to 2 years, 11 months, followed a standard object naming task. Speech samples obtained from a younger group of 5 subjects in Experiment II, ages 1 year, 9 months to 2 years, 2 months, consisted of all verbal responses which occurred under both DAF and SAF conditions. The results of Experiment I provide evidence that the auditory feedback monitoring system for speech is operative in this age group. The speech of the younger subjects in Experiment II was not strongly affected by the time delay in auditory feedback. The results of the present experiments, together with findings obtained in an earlier study with four- to nine-year-old subjects, suggest that older children show greater DAF effects than younger children.

Delayed Auditory Feedback with Different Delay Times at Each Ear

1964 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Samuel Fillenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delay Times

Binaurally asynchronous delayed auditory feedback (DAF) was compared with synchronous DAF in 80 normal subjects. Asynchronous DAF (0.10 sec difference) did not yield results different from those obtained under synchronous DAF with a 0.20 sec delay interval, an interval characteristically resulting in maximum disruptions in speech.

Speech Monitoring and Verbal Learning

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
George R. Davis ◽  
Joseph G. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Speech Monitoring ◽  
Auditory Monitoring

The effects of interference with auditory feedback on two verbal learning tasks were studied. Twenty-seven adults without speech or hearing handicaps practiced two verbal tasks (reading comprehension and paired associate) under three auditory monitoring conditions. A synchronous auditory feedback condition provided amplified but almost simultaneous auditory feedback. To provide an irrelevant feedback condition, S’s heard their own previously recorded voices reading other material. Delayed auditory feedback provided a second experimental condition. Results confirmed that delayed auditory feedback interfered significantly with efficient verbal learning. A clear and direct relationship between the amount and relevance of verbal feedback and the efficiency of speech-based learning was demonstrated.

Event-related potential correlates of auditory feedback control of vocal production in experienced singers

Neuroreport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Xiuqin Wu ◽  
Baofeng Zhang ◽  
Lirao Wei ◽  
Hanjun Liu ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control

Speech Disfluencies and Delayed Auditory Feedback Reactions of Stuttering and Non-Stuttering Children

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Timmons ◽  
James P. Boudreau
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Msec Delay ◽  
Speaking Task

25 male stutterers and 25 male non-stutterers matched by age and speaking task, read or recited under conditions of normal and 113-, 226-, 306-, 413-, and 520-msec. delayed auditory feedback. Disfluency counts were correlated with delayed auditory feedback reactions which were changes in disfluencies under delay conditions. Pearson product-moment correlations were negative and significant for the combined group of stutterers and non-stutterers under all delays used. Correlations for stutterers were negative and significant for 113, 226, 306, and 413 msec. delay. For the total group of non-stutterers, all correlations were negative and significant. Correlations for age groups within the stuttering and non-stuttering groups were also presented.

scholarly journals Contributions of Auditory and Somatosensory Feedback to Vocal Motor Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2039-2053
Author(s):  
Dante J. Smith ◽  
Cara Stepp ◽  
Frank H. Guenther ◽  
Elaine Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Somatosensory Feedback ◽  
Perturbation Experiment ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Auditory Acuity ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control

Purpose To better define the contributions of somatosensory and auditory feedback in vocal motor control, a laryngeal perturbation experiment was conducted with and without masking of auditory feedback. Method Eighteen native speakers of English produced a sustained vowel while their larynx was physically and externally displaced on a subset of trials. For the condition with auditory masking, speech-shaped noise was played via earphones at 90 dB SPL. Responses to the laryngeal perturbation were compared to responses by the same participants to an auditory perturbation experiment that involved a 100-cent downward shift in fundamental frequency ( f o ). Responses were also examined in relation to a measure of auditory acuity. Results Compensatory responses to the laryngeal perturbation were observed with and without auditory masking. The level of compensation was greatest in the laryngeal perturbation condition without auditory masking, followed by the condition with auditory masking; the level of compensation was smallest in the auditory perturbation experiment. No relationship was found between the degree of compensation to auditory versus laryngeal perturbations, and the variation in responses in both perturbation experiments was not related to auditory acuity. Conclusions The findings indicate that somatosensory and auditory feedback control mechanisms work together to compensate for laryngeal perturbations, resulting in the greatest degree of compensation when both sources of feedback are available. In contrast, these two control mechanisms work in competition in response to auditory perturbations, resulting in an overall smaller degree of compensation. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12559628

scholarly journals Operation of the auditory feedback monitoring loop in children with articulatory defects

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ossip
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Feedback Monitoring ◽  
And Control ◽  
Normal Speech

This study constitutes a preliminary evaluation of the utilization of auditory feedback for the acquisition of normal speech in normal speaking children and children having functional articulatory errors. The degree to which this is utilized for the organization and control of motor activity was inferred by delaying auditory feedback in time and quantitating the resulting disturbances in the speech behaviour. Evidence was found to support the following hypotheses: I. There is a breakdown of speech under DAF. 2: Children with multiple articulatory disorders exhibit less severe breakdown effects under DAF than their normal peers. 3. There appears to be a strong relationship between increasing age and articulatory ability. 4. There tends to be a relationship between increasing age and the breakdown of speech under DAF. 5. Monitoring of speech is a highly skilled control system which tends to develop with age and experience, and is not operating as strongly in the child with articulation-defects. From the results of the study, it seems that the auditory feedback monitoring loop for speech is not operating as successfully in the child with multiple articulatory errors as it operates in the normal child, and that the development of a closed loop system appears to be retarded in some way.

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