Verbal and Extraverbal Components of Language as Related to Lateralized Brain Damage

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Bonkowski
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cross

Twelve patients with left cerebral hemisphere lesions and 12 with right hemisphere lesions chose, from among four alternatives, the word that was identical in spelling to a sample word (verbal or extraverbal components sufficient to perform task at this level), and chose a synonym of the sample word from among four alternatives (verbal component necessary). The words were presented in unimodal and cross-modal conditions. In the unimodal conditions sample words and alternatives were presented in the same modality (aural or visual); in the cross-modal conditions the sample word was presented in one modality (A or V) and the alternatives in the opposite modality (V or A). The subject responded by pushing a button when he perceived the correct choice. Patients with right-sided lesions had significantly greater response times, and more errors, than patients with left-sided lesions on those items in which the extraverbal component was crucial to successful performance. The converse was true on those items that called for greater facility with the verbal component of language. There were no significant differences between unimodal and cross-modal tasks.

The Determination of Speech Organization in a Patient with an Arteriovenous Malformation

Neurosurgery ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Close ◽  
Anne Marie O'Keefe ◽  
William A. Buchheit
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Hemisphere Dominance ◽  
Sodium Amobarbital

Abstract A case is reported of an arteriovenous malformation in the left motor speech area which was successfully excised without aphasia in a right-handed man. Preoperative sodium amobarbital carotid infusion testing demonstrated that the patient had right hemisphere dominance for speech. A review of the literature suggests that this is not an uncommon occurrence in individuals with congenital lesions of the left cerebral hemisphere. Lateralization of speech dominance should be established through definitive testing in these cases, especially if surgical removal of the malformation is contemplated.

Recognition of Natural Expressions of Emotion by CVA Patients with Damage to the Left or Right Hemisphere

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Rebecca Bowen ◽  
Skye McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe present study investigated the ability of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients to perceive emotions portrayed by realistic stimuli. Statistical analyses demonstrated that CVA patients with damage to either the right or left cerebral hemisphere performed, on average, as well as controls did in perceiving emotions. However, a case study of one patient suggested that there may be a subset of CVA patients with right parieto-occipital damage who have deficits in the perception of negative emotions. The performance of this participant also indicated that deficits in emotion perception are ameliorated to some extent when patients are provided with realistic, complex stimuli that include a range of auditory and visual cues.

Mechanisms of Discourse Comprehension Impairment After Right Hemisphere Brain Damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie A. Tompkins ◽  
Margaret T. Lehman-Blake ◽  
Annette Baumgaertner ◽  
Wiltrud Fassbinder
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Probe Word ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Stimulus Meaning ◽  
Right Hemisphere Brain Damage

This study examined the generality of a previous finding indicating that difficulty suppressing or inhibiting context-inappropriate interpretations is an important predictor of narrative discourse comprehension for adults with right brain damage RBD) (C. A. Tompkins, A. Baumgaertner, M. T. Lehman, & W. Fassbinder, 2000). Forty adults with RBD and 39 without brain damage listened to two-sentence stimuli and judged whether a probe word fit with the overall stimulus meaning. An ambiguous initial sentence elicited both dominant and less preferred inferences, and the second sentence resolved the ambiguity toward the initially less-likely interpretation. Probes represented the dominant inference for the first sentence and were presented at two poststimulus intervals. Probe judgment response times indicated that neither group suppressed the eventually inappropriate inferences in the time intervals studied. However, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that for individual participants with RBD, the extent of suppression from one interval to the next was a significant predictor of performance on a specialized measure of inference comprehension. The discussion evaluates these findings and identifies directions for future research.

scholarly journals Lateralized Repetition Priming for Unfamiliar Faces

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Martin ◽  
Louise K. Nind ◽  
C. Neil Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Repetition Priming ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Prior Exposure ◽  
Divided Visual Field ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Field Methodology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Repetition priming (RP) is the ability to recognize a stimulus more rapidly as a result of prior exposure to the item. Recent research examining the neuroanatomical basis of this effect has demonstrated RP for familiar faces presented to the right but not to the left cerebral hemisphere. Extending this line of enquiry, the current research considered whether similar effects emerge when unfamiliar faces are the stimuli of interest. Using a divided-visual-field methodology, RP for unfamiliar faces in the left and the right hemispheres was assessed. The results revealed that RP: (i) only emerges in the right hemisphere; (ii) is evident regardless of whether the lateralized presentation of unfamiliar faces occurs at study or at test and (iii) occurs only when hair is cropped from the faces. The theoretical implications of these findings are considered.

Left-Cerebral Hemisphere Superiority in Tachistoscopic Word-Recognition Performances

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. McKeever ◽  
Maurice D. Huling
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Right Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Efficient Route ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Under conditions of monocular unihemispheric projection of word stimuli to the brain, 10 normal Ss uniformly showed superior word recognition ability of the left, as opposed to the right, cerebral hemisphere. Left-hemisphere recognitions were significantly more frequent than right-hemisphere recognitions for both eyes, but the extent of left-hemisphere superiority was significantly greater for the left eye. The results support the hypothesis that words projected to the right hemisphere traverse a less efficient route to the language centers of the left hemisphere.

Mechanisms of Discourse Comprehension Impairment After Right Hemisphere Brain Damage

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie A. Tompkins ◽  
Annette Baumgaertner ◽  
Margaret T. Lehman ◽  
Wiltrud Fassbinder
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
Probe Word ◽  
Discourse Comprehension ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Comprehension Skill ◽  
Predicting Performance ◽  
Right Hemisphere Brain Damage

Normal comprehension skill is linked with the proficiency of a suppression mechanism, which functions to dampen mental activation that becomes irrelevant or inappropriate to a final interpretation. This study investigated suppression and discourse comprehension in adults with right brain damage (RBD). To index suppression function, 40 adults with RBD and 40 without brain damage listened to sentence stimuli that biased the meaning of a sentence-final lexical ambiguity (e.g., SPADE), then judged whether a probe word (e.g., CARDS) fit the overall sentence meaning. Probes represented the contextually inappropriate meanings of the ambiguities and were presented in two conditions: 175 ms and 1000 ms poststimulus. The same probes were used with unambiguous comparison stimuli. Probe judgment response times indicated that only the group without brain damage suppressed inappropriate interpretations over time. In a multiple regression analysis, suppression function added significantly to predicting performance on a general measure of narrative discourse comprehension for participants with RBD. The discussion addresses how suppression deficits may account more broadly for comprehension difficulties after RBD; it also considers several unresolved issues concerning the suppression construct and the suppression deficit hypothesis.

A discussion of apraxia, aphasia, and gestural language

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R884-R887
Author(s):  
N. Helm-Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Left Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Normal Language ◽  
Symbolic Gestures ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

It is understood that damage to the left cerebral hemisphere in adulthood may result in syndromes of language disturbances called the aphasias. The study of these syndromes sheds light on normal language processes, the relationship between language behavior and the brain, and how best to treat aphasic individuals. Aphasia, for some, is a central communication disorder affecting all symbolic behavior in all modalities (i.e., speech, writing, and gesture). Difficulty producing symbolic gestures on command is called apraxia. Others view aphasia as a manifestation of a motor-sequencing disorder affecting all gestural systems including those required for speech movements. These divergent theories of the underlying nature of aphasia can be tested through examination of deaf individuals who use sign language before onset of aphasia. Poizner et al. [Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 15): R868-R883, 1984] studied three such patients with different aphasia syndromes: one patient had a nonsymbolic, motor-sequencing disorder; one had a gestural apraxia; and one had neither. These findings force the conclusion that neither the symbolic nor motor-sequencing theory of aphasia can account for the many varieties of that disorder.

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