Effect of the Acoustic Reflex on the Impedance at the Eardrum

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Feldman ◽  
Jozef Zwislocki
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Noise Stimulus ◽  
Contralateral Noise ◽  
Impedance Data ◽  
Normal Human

Seventeen ears of 12 subjects with normal hearing were tested in both a laboratory and a clinical setting to study impedance changes in normal human ears associated with the acoustic reflex. Compliance and resistance at the eardrum were measured with middle ear muscles relaxed and contracted by means of a contralateral noise stimulus, respectively. The reflex induced impedance changes were compared to similar impedance data obtained by other investigators, and to typical otosclerotic impedance values. The reflex is shown to affect the impedance by a decrease in compliance and a slight decrease in resistance.

Effects of External Ear Canal Pressure on the Middle-Ear Muscle Reflex Threshold

1974 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick N. Martin ◽  
Sherry Coombes
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Reflex Threshold

Twenty normal-hearing individuals served as subjects in an experiment designed to determine the relationships between positive and negative air pressure in the external auditory canal and the intensity required to elicit the acoustic reflex. Pressure was varied from +240 to −240 mm H 2 O. Changes in the magnitude of acoustic impedance were measured on an acoustic impedance meter and displayed graphically on a Y-T recorder. As air pressure was varied in the canal and the tympanic membrane was displaced from its position of greatest compliance, systematic increases in the intensity required to elicit the reflexes were noted. The magnitude of the differences was smaller than might have been anticipated, not exceeding a mean of 5.1 dB at −240 mm H 2 O.

Acoustic-Immittance Measures in Normal Ears

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Wiley ◽  
Dana L. Oviatt ◽  
Michael G. Block
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Hearing Thresholds ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
Acoustic Admittance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Adults

A data base of acoustic-immittance measures in normal adults is presented. The subject pool consisted of 127 adults with normal hearing and a negative otologic history. Norms are presented for hearing thresholds, ipsilateral and contralateral acoustic-reflex thresholds, tympanometry, static acoustic-admittance measures, and middle-ear (tympanogram peak) pressure.

Acoustic-Reflex Dynamics for Pulsed Signals

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
Terry L. Wiley ◽  
Raymond S. Karlovich
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Temporary Threshold Shift ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Stapedius Muscle ◽  
Duty Cycles

Contralateral acoustic-reflex measurements were taken for 10 normal-hearing subjects using a pulsed broadband noise as the reflex-activating signal. Acoustic impedance was measured at selected times during the on (response maximum) and off (response minimum) portions of the pulsed activator over a 2-min interval as a function of activator period and duty cycle. Major findings were that response maxima increased as a function of time for longer duty cycles and that response minima increased as a function of time for all duty cycles. It is hypothesized that these findings are attributable to the recovery characteristics of the stapedius muscle. An explanation of portions of the results from previous temporary threshold shift experiments on the basis of acoustic-reflex dynamics is proposed.

The Prediction of Hearing Loss in Persons With Cerebral Palsy Using Contralateral Acoustic Reflex Threshold for Broad-Band Noise

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Michele B. Emmer ◽  
Shlomo Silman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

The utility of R. Keith’s (1977) method of screening for hearing sensitivity using the contralateral acoustic-reflex threshold (ART) for broad-band noise (BBN) was tested in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). Three groups of participants were included in this prospective study. The first group comprised 20 normal-hearing individuals without CP whose results were used as normative data. The second group comprised 16 participants with normal hearing and CP. The third group comprised 22 participants with sensorineural hearing loss and CP. The results of this study indicate that Keith’s screening method employing ART for BBN can be used successfully in a population with multiple handicaps where a quick, inexpensive, readily available, and accurate method is needed.

Bondy's Modified Radical Mastoidectomy Revisited

1994 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Pars Tensa ◽  
Modified Radical Mastoidectomy

The original criteria for modifying a radical mastoidectomy were: (I) an intact pars tensa and a defective pars flaccid a with cholesteatoma; (2) normal or near normal hearing; and (3) an intact, functional ossicular chain. We propose a fourth criterion: that the cholesteatoma site be delineated lateral to the body of the incus. Control of the disease process is easily assured if the lesion is in that area. Our recommended fourth criterion is based on the results of a five-year study of fifty-two cases that met the original criteria. The cholesteatoma reoccurred in the middle ear in only one case. In six cases, periodic care is necessary because of retraction to the grafted attic area. The procedure and technique used in these patients and the excellent results are discussed in this article.

Ciliary and Secretory Differentiation of Normal Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Choi ◽  
Chang-Hoon Kim ◽  
Won-Sang Lee ◽  
Hee-Nam Kim ◽  
Kyoung-Seob Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Human Middle Ear ◽  
Secretory Differentiation

Effect of Contralateral Noise on the Middle Components of the Averaged Electroencephalic Response

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard N. Gutnick ◽  
Robert Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Contralateral Noise ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Middle Component ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Contralateral Ear ◽  
Point To Point

Middle-component AERs were obtained from normal-hearing adults to 1000-Hz tone pips at 20 and 40 dB SL and at silent control. A continuous noise at 20, 40, and 80 dB SL and at silent control was presented to the contralateral ear. When the tone pips were at 20 or 40 dB SL, five peaks were identified visually in waveforms constructed by digitally adding AERs across subject and replication. Peak latencies determined from the composite waveforms for each signal-masker condition were used as time points to measure point-to-point amplitudes in individual AERs. The masker at 20 or 40 dB SL did not alter or degrade the AER produced by the tone pip. It was concluded that clinical masking may be used in EEA when the middle components of the AER are employed as a response index.

scholarly journals The adhesion molecule cadherin 11 is essential for acquisition of normal hearing ability through middle ear development in the mouse

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kiyama ◽  
Yayoi S. Kikkawa ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Yu Matsumoto ◽  
Kenji Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Middle Ear Development
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