Some Effects of Tactile and Auditory Alterations on Speech Output

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Ringel ◽  
M. D. Steer
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Oral Region ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Sensory Disturbances ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Level Recorder

This investigation studied the effects on articulation, duration, average peak level, and fundamental frequency of speech demonstrated by normal subjects when oral region tactile and/or auditory sensory information is altered. Thirteen female subjects read a standard passage under the following six conditions: (a) control; (b) binaural masking; (c) topical anesthetization of the oral region by application of Xylocaine HCl 4%; (d) local anesthetization of the oral region by bilateral mandibular and infra-orbital nerve block techniques employing Xylocaine HCL 2%; (e) simultaneous administration of conditions b and c; (f) simultaneous administration of conditions b and d. Recorded speech samples for all conditions were subjected to analysis by use of a high speed level recorder, a phonation timer, and an oscillographic technique. The speech samples were also analyzed for articulatory deviations by a panel of judges. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that significant alterations in average peak level, articulation, and rate variability occur under conditions of altered tactile sensation. Similar trends were also noted for the mean syllable duration and phonation/time ratio variables. In addition it was found that the effects of multiple sensory disturbances are cumulative in nature for certain speech output variables.

A New High Speed Level Recorder

1949 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Bruel ◽  
Uno Ingård
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Level Recorder

A High Speed Level Recorder for Acoustic Measurements

1935 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Wente ◽  
E. H. Bedell ◽  
K. D. Swartzel
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Level Recorder

scholarly journals A High Speed Level Recorder and Some of Its Uses in Acoustical Measurements

1933 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Wente ◽  
E. H. Bedell ◽  
K. D. Swartzel
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Level Recorder

scholarly journals Detection of tactile inputs in the rat vibrissa pathway

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Ollerenshaw ◽  
Bilal A. Bari ◽  
Daniel C. Millard ◽  
Lauren E. Orr ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Spatiotemporal Representation ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings

The rapid detection of sensory inputs is crucial for survival. Sensory detection explicitly requires the integration of incoming sensory information and the ability to distinguish between relevant information and ongoing neural activity. In this study, head-fixed rats were trained to detect the presence of a brief deflection of their whiskers resulting from a focused puff of air. The animals showed a monotonic increase in response probability and a decrease in reaction time with increased stimulus strength. High-speed video analysis of whisker motion revealed that animals were more likely to detect the stimulus during periods of reduced self-induced motion of the whiskers, thereby allowing the stimulus-induced whisker motion to exceed the ongoing noise. In parallel, we used voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging of barrel cortex in anesthetized rats receiving the same stimulus set as those in the behavioral portion of this study to assess candidate codes that make use of the full spatiotemporal representation and to compare variability in the trial-by-trial nature of the cortical response and the corresponding variability in the behavioral response. By application of an accumulating evidence framework to the population cortical activity measured in separate animals, a strong correspondence was made between the behavioral output and the neural signaling, in terms of both the response probabilities and the reaction times. Taken together, the results here provide evidence for detection performance that is strongly reliant on the relative strength of signal versus noise, with strong correspondence between behavior and parallel electrophysiological findings.

Probability of Ship High-Runs from Phase-Space Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kontolefas ◽  
Kostas J. Spyrou
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Following Seas ◽  
Probability Calculation ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Surf Riding ◽  
Space Data

A clustering scheme has been applied for capturing qualitatively different surge motion patterns in the phase space. The scheme enables the identification of “high-run” incidents as soon as such motions are triggered and while their phenomenology has not yet been well developed. A “high run” is a surf-riding–like behavior, appearing in irregular following seas. The concept of finite-time coherent sets is exploited for deriving estimates of the probability of high-runs. The method is verified by identifying independently the corresponding hyperbolic Lagrangian coherent structures; then, consistency is sought between the two approaches. An important feature of the method is that it does not rely on the use of some empirical criterion for the high-run threshold, such as one based on the exceedance of an arbitrary high-speed level. Despite its computational burden, the proposed scheme offers “objective” statistical information on a ship’s high-run tendency that can be used for benchmarking simpler (approximative) probability calculation schemes.

Probability of Ship High-Runs from Phase-Space Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kontolefas ◽  
Kostas J. Spyrou
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Coherent Structures ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Motion Patterns ◽  
Following Seas ◽  
Probability Calculation ◽  
Speed Level ◽  
Surf Riding ◽  
Space Data

A clustering scheme has been applied for capturing qualitatively different surge motion patterns in the phase space. The scheme enables the identification of “high-run” incidents as soon as such motions are triggered and while their phenomenology has not yet been well developed. A “high run” is a surf-riding–like behavior, appearing in irregular following seas. The concept of finite-time coherent sets is exploited for deriving estimates of the probability of high-runs. The method is verified by identifying independently the corresponding hyperbolic Lagrangian coherent structures; then, consistency is sought between the two approaches. An important feature of the method is that it does not rely on the use of some empirical criterion for the high-run threshold, such as one based on the exceedance of an arbitrary high-speed level. Despite its computational burden, the proposed scheme offers “objective” statistical information on a ship’s high-run tendency that can be used for benchmarking simpler (approximative) probability calculation schemes.

Modulation of prey-capture behavior in the plethodontid salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (14) ◽  
pp. 1951-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Deban
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Plethodontid Salamander ◽  
Ensatina Eschscholtzii ◽  
Prey Capture Behavior

The hypothesis that salamander prey-capture behavior is highly stereotyped was tested in the plethodontid salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii using high-speed videography and kinematic analysis of feedings on two types of prey (waxworms and termites). The results show that E. eschscholtzii is capable of modulating the timing and magnitude of tongue and jaw movements in response to prey type. Feedings on waxworms, the larger prey, were characterized by shorter durations and higher velocities of tongue and jaw movements compared with feedings on termites, particularly in the latter portion of the feeding sequence (i.e. after prey contact). To test the hypothesis that sensory feedback through the tongue pad plays a role in modulating feeding movements in response to prey type, the ramus lingualis of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), which is known to carry sensory information from the tongue pad in salamanders, was transected bilaterally. This experimental deafferentation of the tongue pad had no effect on the degree or direction of differences in feeding kinematics across prey type. These results refute the glossopharyngeal feedback hypothesis, but are consistent with the hypothesis that E. eschscholtzii responds more vigorously to larger prey by assessing prey size visually.

Eye-head coordination in darkness: Formulation and testing of a mathematical model

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Stefano Ramat ◽  
Roberto Schmid ◽  
Daniela Zambarbieri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Vestibular Nystagmus ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Head Displacement ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

Passive head rotation in darkness produces vestibular nystagmus, consisting of slow and quick phases. The vestibulo-ocular reflex produces the slow phases, in the compensatory direction, while the fast phases, in the same direction as head rotation, are of saccadic origin. We have investigated how the saccadic components of the ocular motor responses evoked by active head rotation in darkness are generated, assuming the only available sensory information is that provided by the vestibular system. We recorded the eye and head movements of nine normal subjects during active head rotation in darkness. Subjects were instructed to rotate their heads in a sinusoidal-like manner and to focus their attention on producing a smooth head rotation. We found that the desired eye position signal provided to the saccadic mechanism by the vestibular system may be modeled as a linear combination of head velocity and head displacement information. Here we present a mathematical model for the generation of both the slow and quick phases of vestibular nystagmus based on our findings. Simulations of this model accurately fit experimental data recorded from subjects.

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