Abstract
Introduction
Facial burns can be complicated by the development of scar tissue and contractures, resulting in decreased flexibility of the tissue involved in swallowing, facial expression, and verbal communication. Maximizing functional range of motion is an important preventative measure for improving functional outcomes for swallowing, communication, and for the prevention of microstomia. A range of therapy interventions including stretching, massage, compression, and use of appliances has been reported in the literature; however, there is limited to no information on current practice patterns amongst North American providers (MD, DO, PA, NP, etc.) or therapists (PT, OT, and SLP).
Methods
A RedCap survey was developed by a Speech-Language Pathologist and Occupational Therapist involved in burn care. The survey consisted of 18 total questions, with participants responding to between 12–13 questions due to branching logic. Questions were related to demographic and service provision related to facial massage and stretching. Survey questions were multiple choice, multiple answer multiple choice, or contained text boxes. The survey was distributed to Providers and Therapists from the United Stated of America and Canada who were members of the American Burn Association (ABA).
Results
A total of 69 surveys were collected, with 57 surveys meeting criteria for inclusion. Respondents consisted of therapists 68%, providers 23%, and other health professionals 9%. Forty-six ABA burn centers from across the United States and Canada were represented. The majority of respondents had over 10 years of experience working with burn patients. 91% of respondents reported that facial massage and stretching was used as a tool at their facility. Respondents, who report facial massage is utilized at their facility, report OT as being the primary discipline responsible for assessing (67%) and completing (65%) facial massage, with 85% reporting additional discipline(s) also participating in facial massage. 9% of respondents report that facial massage and stretching is not utilized at their facility following facial burns. Of those who responded that facial massage and stretching is not utilized following facial burns, 40% felt this would be beneficial to patients, while 60% were unsure.
Conclusions
Facial scar management is an important part of burn care, with the majority of respondents reporting completion of facial massage and stretching as part of the services provided to patients who have suffered facial burns. OTs are the primary service providers for facial massage and stretching post facial burn. Practices for facial massage varies greatly, with the majority of respondents reporting no specific protocol for facial massage and stretching is followed.
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