scholarly journals A role for viral infections in Parkinson’s etiology?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Olsen ◽  
Eilis Dowd ◽  
Declan P. McKernan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Despite over 200 years since its first description by James Parkinson, the cause(s) of most cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are yet to be elucidated. The disparity between the current understanding of PD symptomology and pathology has led to numerous symptomatic therapies, but no strategy for prevention or disease cure. An association between certain viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases has been recognized, but largely ignored or dismissed as controversial, for decades. Recent epidemiological studies have renewed scientific interest in investigating microbial interactions with the central nervous system (CNS). This review examines past and current clinical findings and overviews the potential molecular implications of viruses in PD pathology.

scholarly journals Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Tarso Adoni ◽  
Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks ◽  
Sidney Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Magno Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Intermittent Bleeding

ABSTRACT Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder resulting from chronic or intermittent bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to deposition of blood products in the subpial layers of the meninges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a characteristic curvilinear pattern of hypointensity on its blood-sensitive sequences. Methods Series of cases collected from Brazilian centers. Results We studied 13 cases of patients presenting with progressive histories of neurological dysfunction caused by SS-CNS. The most frequent clinical findings in these patients were progressive gait ataxia, hearing loss, hyperreflexia and cognitive dysfunction. The diagnoses of SS-CNS were made seven months to 30 years after the disease onset. Conclusion SS-CNS is a rare disease that may remain undiagnosed for long periods. Awareness of this condition is essential for the clinician.

scholarly journals Central Nervous System Cell-Derived Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang Tian ◽  
Chen Fu ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Cell ◽  
Almost All

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles secreted by almost all kinds of mammalian cells that shuttle “cargo” from one cell to another, indicative of its role in cell-to-cell transportation. Interestingly, exosomes are known to undergo alterations or serve as a pathway in multiple diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), exosomes originating from neurons or glia cells contribute to or inhibit the progression of CNS-related diseases in special ways. In lieu of this, the current study investigated the effect of CNS cell-derived exosomes on different neurodegenerative diseases.

Acute reversible toxic encephalopathy during capecitabine and oxaliplatin treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Godinho ◽  
Mafalda Casa-Nova ◽  
Teresa Mesquita ◽  
Maria João Baptista ◽  
Francisco Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Toxic Encephalopathy ◽  
Central Nervous System Toxicity ◽  
Cerebellar Dysfunction ◽  
Oxaliplatin Treatment ◽  
Tumor Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Introduction Capecitabine is a fluoropyrimidine commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer which may cause central nervous system toxicity, namely cerebellar dysfunction. Case report We describe a 77-year-old man undergoing adjuvant treatment of colon cancer with capecitabine and oxaliplatin who presented with acute cerebellar ataxia and encephalopathy that progressed to coma. Diagnosis of toxic encephalopathy was made after the exclusion of alternative causes of neurological dysfunction and complete resolution of clinical findings with permanent discontinuation of chemotherapy. Discussion When patients with cancer develop symptoms and signs of central nervous dysfunction, metabolic and infectious causes plus tumor involvement of central nervous system must be sought. However, chemotherapy may also cause toxicity to the central nervous system. Capecitabine is no exception, although cerebellar dysfunction is rarely reported. Conclusion Although rare, capecitabine-induced encephalopathy may be severe and physicians should be aware of this possible side effect.

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