scholarly journals Tuberculosis diagnostics: overcoming ancient challenges with modern solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
Michael MacGregor-Fairlie ◽  
Samuel Wilkinson ◽  
Gurdyal S. Besra ◽  
Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historical Methods

Rapid, sensitive, accurate and portable diagnostics are a mainstay of modern medicine. Tuberculosis is a disease that has been with us since time immemorial and, despite the fact that it can be treated and cured, it still remains the world's biggest infectious killer, taking the lives of millions annually. There have been important developments in the diagnostic devices for tuberculosis however, these are often prone to error, expensive, lack the necessary sensitivity or accuracy and, crucially, not sufficiently portable and thus not applicable in the remote, rural areas, where they are most needed. Modern solutions have been emerging in the past decade, seeking to overcome many of the inhibiting issues in this field by utilising recent advances in molecular biology, genetics and sequencing or even completely ‘reinventing the wheel’, by developing novel and unprecedented diagnostic techniques. In this mini review, the issues and challenges arising from the historical methods of diagnosing tuberculosis are discussed, followed by outlaying their particular lack of appropriateness for regions of the world where tuberculosis still remains endemic. Subsequently, more recent developments of new methods and technological advancements as ‘modern weapons’ in the battle to defeat this disease and associated challenges are reviewed, and finally an outlook is presented, highlighting the future of the modern solutions under development, which are envisioned to lay the platform for improvements in delivering timely intervention, reduce immense expense and burden on healthcare systems worldwide, while saving millions of lives and eventually, may enable the eradication of this ancient disease.

Performing States-Of-In-Between: Dogs, Parrots, and Other Humans in Recent Austrian Performances

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310
Author(s):  
Sabine Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Cultural Critique ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Recent Developments

Every late spring since 1951, the Wiener Festwochen bring performers from around the world to Vienna for an opportunity to share recent developments in performance styles and present them to a Viennese public that seems to be increasingly open to experimentation. These festival weeks solidify a specific form of Viennese self-understanding and self-representation as a culture that is rooted in performance. This essay seeks to link two recent Austrian performances—one of them was part of the Wiener Festwochen in 2016, the other was staged in downtown Linz during the past few years—to this Austrian and specifically Viennese culture of performance by reading them as contemporary articulations of a tradition of radical performance art that can be traced back to the Viennese Actionism of the sixties and later feminist articulations in the seventies and eighties. They play on the dramatic effect of these actions, specifically their joy in cruelty, chaos, and orgiastic intoxication, by staging regressions and thus making visible what has been dammed up and repressed in contemporary society.1 Just as their historical models, these two performances merge the performing and the fine arts and they highlight provocative, controversial, and, at times, violent content. But they do it in an interspecies context that adds an entire layer of complexity to the project of societal and cultural critique.

Organic Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass F. Taber ◽  
Tristan Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Enantioselective Epoxidation ◽  
To Come

Organic synthesis is a vibrant and rapidly evolving field; chemists can now cyclize alkenes directly onto enones. Like the first five books in this series, Organic Synthesis: State of the Art 2013-2015 will lead readers quickly to the most important recent developments in a research area. This series offers chemists a way to stay abreast of what's new and exciting in organic synthesis. The cumulative reaction/transformation index of 2013-2015 outlines all significant new organic transformations over the past twelve years. Future volumes will continue to come out every two years. The 2013-2015 volume features the best new methods in subspecialties such as C-O, C-N and C-C ring construction, catalytic asymmetric synthesis, selective C-H functionalization, and enantioselective epoxidation. This text consolidates two years of Douglass Taber's popular weekly online column, "Organic Chemistry Highlights" as featured on the organic-chemistry.org website and also features cumulative indices of all six volumes in this series, going back twelve years.

Transplantation and its biology: from fantasy to routine

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1681-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Tilney
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Routine Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Accepted Form

The replacement of diseased organs and tissues by the healthy ones of others has been a unique milestone in modern medicine. For centuries, transplantation remained a theme of fantasy in literature and the arts. Within the past five decades, however, it has developed from a few isolated attempts to salvage occasional individuals with end-stage organ failure to a routine treatment for many patients. In parallel with the progressive improvements in clinical results has come an explosion in immunology, transplantation biology, immunogenetics, cell and molecular biology, pharmacology, and other relevant biosciences, with knowledge burgeoning at a rate not dreamed of by the original pioneers. Indeed, there have been few other instances in modern medicine in which so many scientific disciplines have contributed in concert toward understanding and treating such a complex clinical problem as the failure of vital organs. The field has been a dramatic example of evolution from an imagined process to an accepted form of therapy.

Advances in Dental Imaging

2001 ◽  
Vol os8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie E Brown
Keyword(s):  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Dental Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Dental Radiographs ◽  
The Uk

The number of dental radiographs taken in the UK has steadily increased over the past 20 years—recently estimating around 18 million taken in the general dental services alone, and dental radiographs now account for nearly 25% of all medical radiographic exposures.1 Radiographs remain our most useful diagnostic aid. Their strength is in demonstrating hard tissue pathology, which makes radiographs particularly effective in the maxillofacial region. Although well accepted in this capacity, there remain a number of limitations and drawbacks to conventional radiographs which recent developments have begun to overcome. There have been improvements in the scope and capabilities of dental imaging equipment. There has also been a continuing effort to reduce radiation-induced harm by limiting our exposure to it. This has been possible both through the introduction of new methods and protocols for reducing individual radiation exposures and by the creation of guidelines for selecting radiographs more effectively and thereby reducing the total number of radiographs taken.

scholarly journals Global epidemiology of Equine Influenza viruses; “A possible emerging zoonotic threat in future” an extensive systematic review with evidence

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khan ◽  
M. H. Mushtaq ◽  
J. Muhammad ◽  
B. Ahmed ◽  
E. A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Equine Influenza Virus ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

Abstract There are different opinions around the World regarding the zoonotic capability of H3N8 equine influenza viruses. In this report, we have tried to summarize the findings of different research and review articles from Chinese, English, and Mongolian Scientific Literature reporting the evidence for equine influenza virus infections in human beings. Different search engines i.e. CNKI, PubMed, ProQuest, Chongqing Database, Mongol Med, and Web of Knowledge yielded 926 articles, of which 32 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Analyzing the epidemiological and Phylogenetic data from these articles, we found a considerable experimental and observational evidence of H3N8 equine influenza viruses infecting human being in different parts of the World in the past. Recently published articles from Pakistan and China have highlighted the emerging threat and capability of equine influenza viruses for an epidemic in human beings in future. In this review article we have summarized the salient scientific reports published on the epidemiology of equine influenza viruses and their zoonotic aspect. Additionally, several recent developments in the start of 21st century, including the transmission and establishment of equine influenza viruses in different animal species i.e. camels and dogs, and presumed encephalopathy associated to influenza viruses in horses, have documented the unpredictable nature of equine influenza viruses. In sum up, several reports has highlighted the unpredictable nature of H3N8 EIVs highlighting the need of continuous surveillance for H3N8 in equines and humans in contact with them for novel and threatening mutations.

scholarly journals Smart Applications using Robotic and Iot Technologies in Fighting against Pandemic Covid19 in Medical and Societal Sectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1265-1273
Keyword(s):  
Important Research ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Entire World ◽  
And Control

: During the past few months, the entire world is being suffering with a dangerous deadly virus named Covid19 or Coronavirus. This pandemic corona virus has washed out thousands and lakhs of people all over the world within months’ time and made all the countries GDP and economic growth collapsed. Accordingly, in India and other countries an important research and innovation investments have been made by various science and technological laboratories that are collaborated with various private and government stakeholders to find new ways to eliminate or kill the pandemic corona virus in human bodies and society. All over the world, the doctors and scientists are working very hard to reduce the rate of death and control the rate of corona spread. Alternatively, the engineers, entrepreneurs, industrialists, technocrats are sorting out and finding new ways to bridge the gap between science and technology by inventing new methods and measurements in medical, societal and service sectors The purpose of the proposed study is to showcase the opportunities of using engineering technology in biomedical and societal applications taking all over the world caused by the corona attack. The introduction of Robots and IOTs made the industries and firms fully smart automated and digitalized. In other perspective, robots were also serving medical sectors since many years successfully in heart surgeries, fighting cancer cells etc. and making the footprints for further research and developments. An attempt is made to highlight the methods and applications of Robots & IOT’s in large extent in medical and societal areas to safeguard from coronavirus

Tingkat Penggunaan E-Commerce pada Remaja di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Lana Ciarna Artheswara ◽  
Asri Sulistiawati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adolescent Behaviour ◽  
The World ◽  
Application Access ◽  
Depth Interviews

Pesatnya perkembangan E-Commerce di beberapa tahun belakang, menjadikan E-Commerce sebagai prospek bisnis besar dalam dunia perdagangan. Tren penggunaan E-Commerce ini melanda dunia remaja, dibuktikan dengan adanya survey OTX dan The Intelligence Group yang dilakukan terhadap remaja berusia 13-17 tahun, hampir 6 dari setiap 10 remaja pernah membeli produk dan jasa lewat internet. Hasil survey ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku remaja dalam berbelanja di E-Commerce telah berkembang dan menjadi gaya hidup remaja perkotaan. Namun, akses internet di Indonesia saat ini dapat dijangkau hingga ke daerah pedesaan, maka dari itu saat ini E-Commerce dapat diakses oleh semua orang tanpa adanya batasan geografis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua lokasi yang berbeda yaitu di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Hal ini untuk membandingkan hasil data dari kedua lokasi tersebut. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat penggunaan E-Commerce yang dilihat dari frekuensi penggunaan aplikasi, durasi akses aplikasi, dan banyaknya aplikasi E-Commerce pada gawai yang dimiliki oleh remaja Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan didukung dengan data kualitatif. Data kuantitatif didapat melalui kuesioner dan data kualitatif didapatkan dari wawancara mendalam. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan dalam hal penggunaan E-Commerce oleh remaja yang tinggal di daerah pedesaan dan di Kota Bogor. Perbedaan nampak dalam hal durasi akses dan tingkat kepemilikan aplikasi E-Commerce.Kata Kunci : E-Commerce, ICT, Internet, Remaja=====ABSTRACTThe development of Electronic-Commerce (E-Commerce) in the past few years has made E-Commerce as a big business prospect in the world of commerce. The trend of E-Commerce is coming to adolescent’s world, there’s evidenced by the OTX survey and The Intelligence Group conducted on adolescents aged 13-17 years, the survey said that 6 out of every 10 teenagers have bought products and services online. The results of this survey indicate that adolescent behaviour in shopping in E-Commerce has developed and become a lifestyle of urban youth. While internet access in Indonesia can be reached up to rural areas, it means E-Commerce can be accessed by everyone without geographical restrictions. This research was conducted in two different locations, on Urban and Rural Area in Bogor to compare the results of data from the two locations. This paper aims to determine differences in the level of E-Commerce usage, and the indicator to measure it is the frequency of application usage, the duration of application access, and the number of E-Commerce applications on devices. This research uses a quantitative approach and is supported by qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through questionnaires and for qualitative data obtained from in-depth interviews. The results of this study is the duration of access and the amount of E-Commerce has significant differences between the adolescent who lived in Urban and Rural Area of Bogor.Keywords : E-Commerce, ICT, Internet, Teenagers

scholarly journals The Place of Nurses in Legal Regulations Related to Complementary Therapies in Turkey and The World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şehnaz Kaya ◽  
Zeynep Karakuş ◽  
İlkay Boz ◽  
Zeynep Özer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Individual Interest ◽  
Certificate Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

Complementary therapies are the names given throughout the methods applied in parallel with modern medicine to gain the health of the individual. Interest in complementary therapies from the past to the present day and the frequency of use of these methods continues to increase. Increasing use of complementary therapies by the community and requiring patients to make appropriate and safe decisions in their own care requires that health care professionals have knowledge and skills in complementary therapies. In this context, nurses are expected to identify and develop their own practice of using complementary therapies, and to develop a strategy for these practices. Nurses integrating these practices into patient care and evaluating their outcomes ensure that the care provided to the patient is comprehensive and holistic. In order for these processes to take place, important policies must be established for nurses across the country. In the 1900s many countries developed politics and started to establish certificate programs and projects. Regarding national and international legislation, it is seen that legal regulations are not sufficient, especially for nurses. In this review, national and international legal arrangements for complementary therapies and the place of complementary therapies in nursing will be discussed.

OFFSHORE RADIOPOSITIONING SYSTEMS

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
A. William Marchai ◽  
R.L. Longton
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The Self ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments

With the search for petroleum deposits in the world pushing farther offshore each year, the oil industry has answered the call with the development of dynamically positioned drill ships, hole re-entry techniques, and subsea completions. These developments are helping make deep water oil recovery a reality. Now, more than ever, there is a need for accurate, long-range radiopositioning systems so that deep water surveys and well locations can be conducted with the required accuracy.Radiopositioning systems of the past decade include land-based systems such as Shoran, Raydist, Decca and Toran and the self- contained Satellite and Integrated systems. Recent developments for work in deeper water further offshore include Loran-C in the Range-Range mode and Differential Omega.

The Connected Past

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Research Questions

One of the most exciting recent developments in archaeology and history has been the adoption of new perspectives which see human societies in the past--as in the present--as made up of networks of interlinked individuals. This view of people as always connected through physical and conceptual networks along which resources, information, and disease flow, requires archaeologists and historians to use new methods to understand how these networks form, function, and change over time. The Connected Past provides a constructive methodological and theoretical critique of the growth in research applying network perspectives in archaeology and history and considers the unique challenges presented by datasets in these disciplines, including the fragmentary and material nature of such data and the functioning and change of social processes over long timespans. An international and multidisciplinary range of scholars debate both the rationale and practicalities of applying network methodologies, addressing the merits and drawbacks of specific techniques of analysis for a range of datasets and research questions, and demonstrating their approaches with concrete case studies and detailed illustrations. As well as revealing the valuable contributions archaeologists and historians can make to network science, the volume represents a crucial step towards the development of best practice in the field, especially in exploring the interactions between social and material elements of networks, and long-term network evolution.

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