scholarly journals Optimal invasive species surveillance in the real world: practical advances from research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Koch ◽  
Denys Yemshanov ◽  
Robert G. Haight ◽  
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Optimal Routing ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Site Access ◽  
Multiple Scenarios ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Modern Optimization

When alien species make incursions into novel environments, early detection through surveillance is critical to minimizing their impacts and preserving the possibility of timely eradication. However, incipient populations can be difficult to detect, and usually, there are limited resources for surveillance or other response activities. Modern optimization techniques enable surveillance planning that accounts for the biology and expected behavior of an invasive species while exploring multiple scenarios to identify the most cost-effective options. Nevertheless, most optimization models omit some real-world limitations faced by practitioners during multi-day surveillance campaigns, such as daily working time constraints, the time and cost to access survey sites and personnel work schedules. Consequently, surveillance managers must rely on their own judgments to handle these logistical details, and default to their experience during implementation. This is sensible, but their decisions may fail to address all relevant factors and may not be cost-effective. A better planning strategy is to determine optimal routing to survey sites while accounting for common daily logistical constraints. Adding site access and other logistical constraints imposes restrictions on the scope and extent of the surveillance effort, yielding costlier but more realistic expectations of the surveillance outcomes than in a theoretical planning case.

Multicriterial Optimization of Technical Systems Considering Multiple Load and Availability Scenarios

2015 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena C. Altherr ◽  
Thorsten Ederer ◽  
Philipp Pöttgen ◽  
Ulf Lorenz ◽  
Peter F. Pelz
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Multicriterial Optimization ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Rule Number ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Multiple Load ◽  
Modern Optimization

Cheap does not imply cost-effective -- this is rule number one of zeitgeisty system design. The initial investment accounts only for a small portion of the lifecycle costs of a technical system. In fluid systems, about ninety percent of the total costs are caused by other factors like power consumption and maintenance. With modern optimization methods, it is already possible to plan an optimal technical system considering multiple objectives. In this paper, we focus on an often neglected contribution to the lifecycle costs: downtime costs due to spontaneous failures. Consequently, availability becomes an issue.

Understanding the complementary nature of paid and volunteer crowds for content creation

2020 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Claudia Flores-Saviaga ◽  
Ricardo Granados ◽  
Liliana Savage ◽  
Lizbeth Escobedo ◽  
Saiph Savage
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Power Cost ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Different Populations

Crowdsourced content creation like articles or slogans can be powered by crowds of volunteers or workers from paid task markets. Volunteers often have expertise and are intrinsically motivated, but are a limited resource, and are not always reliably available. On the other hand, paid crowd workers are reliably available, can be guided to produce high-quality content, but cost money. How can these different populations of crowd workers be leveraged together to power cost-effective yet high-quality crowd-powered content-creation systems? To answer this question, we need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each. We conducted an online study where we hired paid crowd workers and recruited volunteers from social media to complete three content creation tasks for three real-world non-profit organizations that focus on empowering women. These tasks ranged in complexity from simply generating keywords or slogans to creating a draft biographical article. Our results show that paid crowds completed work and structured content following editorial guidelines more effectively. However, volunteer crowds provide content that is more original. Based on the findings, we suggest that crowd-powered content-creation systems could gain the best of both worlds by leveraging volunteers to scaffold the direction that original content should take; while having paid crowd workers structure content and prepare it for real world use.

Big Data Processing and Mining for Next Generation Intelligent Transportation Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Fiosina ◽  
Maxims Fiosins, Jörg P. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Big Data Processing

The deployment of future Internet and communication technologies (ICT) provide intelligent transportation systems (ITS) with huge volumes of real-time data (Big Data) that need to be managed, communicated, interpreted, aggregated and analysed. These technologies considerably enhance the effectiveness and user friendliness of ITS, providing considerable economic and social impact. Real-world application scenarios are needed to derive requirements for software architecture and novel features of ITS in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies. In this study, we contend that future service- and cloud-based ITS can largely benefit from sophisticated data processing capabilities. Therefore, new Big Data processing and mining (BDPM) as well as optimization techniques need to be developed and applied to support decision-making capabilities. This study presents real-world scenarios of ITS applications, and demonstrates the need for next-generation Big Data analysis and optimization strategies. Decentralised cooperative BDPM methods are reviewed and their effectiveness is evaluated using real-world data models of the city of Hannover, Germany. We point out and discuss future work directions and opportunities in the area of the development of BDPM methods in ITS.

Topology Optimization in the Conceptual Design: Take the Frame of a Bender as Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Guo Niu Zhu ◽  
Bo Yu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Structural Topology Optimization ◽  
Structural Topology ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Stress And Deformation ◽  
Design Proposal

The paper is concerned with topology optimization in the mechanical design process. The disadvantage of current process of mechanical design is discussed and a new design process based on structural topology optimization is presented. The design process with structural topology optimization in mechanical design is discussed by the example of the frame of a bender. Static analysis is made to the original model first according to the whole structure and working characteristic of the machine, the stress and deformation distribution are obtained and then topology optimization is carried out. On the basis of topology optimization, the layout of the initial design proposal is obtained and the weight of the frame is substantially reduced while the performance enhanced. The application of the method demonstrates that through innovative utilization of the topology optimization techniques, the conceptual proposals can be obtained and the overall mechanical design process can be improved substantially in a cost effective manner.

scholarly journals Insight into Invasive Species (Mikania micrantha), Its Control Measures and Programmes in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan P Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Methods Of Control

Invasive species adversely affects the ecology and habitat of the species existing in a particular region. They are one of the top threats to the biodiversity of life on Earth. Mikania micrantha is spreading like a wildfire in Nepal whose effect on Rhino habitat is being studied in Chitwan National Park. Various mechanical, chemical and biological methods of control for Mikania are available. It's likely to be more cost effective to prevent the spread of invasive species in the first place than to tackle the biodiversity crisis once they have become established.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5544The Initiation Vol.4 2011 115-119

scholarly journals Multiple Noisy Label Distribution Propagation for Crowdsourcing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Liangxiao Jiang ◽  
Wenqiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
True Label ◽  
Real World Datasets ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Label Distribution

Crowdsourcing services provide a fast, efficient, and cost-effective means of obtaining large labeled data for supervised learning. Ground truth inference, also called label integration, designs proper aggregation strategies to infer the unknown true label of each instance from the multiple noisy label set provided by ordinary crowd workers. However, to the best of our knowledge, nearly all existing label integration methods focus solely on the multiple noisy label set itself of the individual instance while totally ignoring the intercorrelation among multiple noisy label sets of different instances. To solve this problem, a multiple noisy label distribution propagation (MNLDP) method is proposed in this study. MNLDP first transforms the multiple noisy label set of each instance into its multiple noisy label distribution and then propagates its multiple noisy label distribution to its nearest neighbors. Consequently, each instance absorbs a fraction of the multiple noisy label distributions from its nearest neighbors and yet simultaneously maintains a fraction of its own original multiple noisy label distribution. Promising experimental results on simulated and real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

scholarly journals Silica-encapsulated DNA tracers for measuring aerosol distribution dynamics in real-world settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M Luescher ◽  
Julian Koch ◽  
Wendelin J Stark ◽  
Robert N Grass
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Aerosol Distribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Aerosolized particles play a significant role in human health and environmental risk management. The global importance of aerosol-related hazards, such as the circulation of pathogens and high levels of air pollutants, have led to a surging demand for suitable surrogate tracers to investigate the complex dynamics of airborne particles in real-world scenarios. In this study, we propose a novel approach using silica particles with encapsulated DNA (SPED) as a tracing agent for measuring aerosol distribution indoors. In a series of experiments with a portable setup, SPED were successfully aerosolized, re-captured and quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Position-dependency and ventilation effects within a confined space could be shown in a quantitative fashion achieving detection limits below 0.1 ng particles per m3 of sampled air. In conclusion, SPED show promise for a flexible, cost-effective and low-impact characterization of aerosol dynamics in a wide range of settings.

scholarly journals Psychosocial factors and health services utilization in Fibromyalgia: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
Ana Lledó Boyer ◽  
Mª Ángeles Pastor Mira ◽  
Sofía López-Roig ◽  
Maximiliano Nieto Ferrandéz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
Health Services Use ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
Relevant Factors

Studies on the socioeconomic impact of fibromyalgia (FM) have shown the high health services use done by these patients. These data indicate the challenge of dealing with these people, their treatment and rehabilitation, as well as the need of changes in actions and implementation of cost-effective approaches. In this study we reviewed the literature on the health care use behavior in FM. The data shows that the emotional state and catastrophizing are relevant factors in the onset of seeking health care, and within the system, higher self-efficacy, attributions of symptoms to external factors, the perception of good health and lower comorbidity is associated with less use.

scholarly journals Cost-effective surveillance of invasive species using info-gap theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Penghao Wang ◽  
Melissa L. Thomas ◽  
Dan Zheng ◽  
Simon J. McKirdy
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Population Threshold

AbstractInvasive species can lead to community-level damage to the invaded ecosystem and extinction of native species. Most surveillance systems for the detection of invasive species are developed based on expert assessment, inherently coming with a level of uncertainty. In this research, info-gap decision theory (IGDT) is applied to model and manage such uncertainty. Surveillance of the Asian House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril and Bibron, 1836 on Barrow Island, is used as a case study. Our research provides a novel method for applying IGDT to determine the population threshold ($$K$$ K ) so that the decision can be robust to the deep uncertainty present in model parameters. We further robust-optimize surveillance costs rather than minimize surveillance costs. We demonstrate that increasing the population threshold for detection increases both robustness to the errors in the model parameter estimates, and opportuneness to lower surveillance costs than the accepted maximum budget. This paper provides guidance for decision makers to balance robustness and required surveillance expenditure. IGDT offers a novel method to model and manage the uncertainty prevalent in biodiversity conservation practices and modelling. The method outlined here can be used to design robust surveillance systems for invasive species in a wider context, and to better tackle uncertainty in protection of biodiversity and native species in a cost-effective manner.

scholarly journals A Survey of Traditional and Customized Bus Transportation Planning Methodologies

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Bus Transit ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Bus Service

Transportation planning is an area of public policy that is increasingly recognized for having a significant impact on human health and well-being. Passengers all across the world are choosing bus transit as one of the most cost-effective ways of transportation. The number of passengers who use this mode of transportation is steadily increasing. According to statistics, the bus was India's most popular mode of transportation in 2014. A bus was viewed as a mode of transportation by 66 percent of families in rural areas and 62 percent of households in urban areas. With increased demand, there is a concern about efficiently organizing this service. Because a lack of planning can generate major problems in the real world, such as traffic jams and high operating expenses, it is a source of concern for corporate and government entities who provide this service. In this paper, a review on various bus transit planning approaches and stages and methodologies used in each stage of the customized bus planning strategy is presented. This study will assist bus service organizing entities, whether private or public, in efficiently organizing bus service

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