scholarly journals Genome editing for disease resistance in livestock

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Proudfoot ◽  
Christine Burkard
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Disease Resistant

One of the major burdens on the livestock industry is loss of animals and decrease in production efficiency due to disease. Advances in sequencing technology and genome-editing techniques provide the unique opportunity to generate animals with improved traits. In this review we discuss the techniques currently applied to genetic manipulation of livestock species and the efforts in making animals disease resistant or resilient.

scholarly journals Citrus Genetic Engineering for Disease Resistance: Past, Present and Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Sun ◽  
Nasrullah ◽  
Fuzhi Ke ◽  
Zhenpeng Nie ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Citrus Disease

Worldwide, citrus is one of the most important fruit crops and is grown in more than 130 countries, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. The healthy progress of the citrus industry has been seriously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Several diseases, such as canker and huanglongbing, etc., rigorously affect citrus plant growth, fruit quality, and yield. Genetic engineering technologies, such as genetic transformation and genome editing, represent successful and attractive approaches for developing disease-resistant crops. These genetic engineering technologies have been widely used to develop citrus disease-resistant varieties against canker, huanglongbing, and many other fungal and viral diseases. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based systems have made genome editing an indispensable genetic manipulation tool that has been applied to many crops, including citrus. The improved CRISPR systems, such as CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 systems, can provide a promising new corridor for generating citrus varieties that are resistant to different pathogens. The advances in biotechnological tools and the complete genome sequence of several citrus species will undoubtedly improve the breeding for citrus disease resistance with a much greater degree of precision. Here, we attempt to summarize the recent successful progress that has been achieved in the effective application of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies to obtain citrus disease-resistant (bacterial, fungal, and virus) crops. Furthermore, we also discuss the opportunities and challenges of genetic engineering and genome editing technologies for citrus disease resistance.

CRISPR Crops: Plant Genome Editing Toward Disease Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Langner ◽  
Sophien Kamoun ◽  
Khaoula Belhaj
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments

Genome editing by sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) has revolutionized biology by enabling targeted modifications of genomes. Although routine plant genome editing emerged only a few years ago, we are already witnessing the first applications to improve disease resistance. In particular, CRISPR-Cas9 has democratized the use of genome editing in plants thanks to the ease and robustness of this method. Here, we review the recent developments in plant genome editing and its application to enhancing disease resistance against plant pathogens. In the future, bioedited disease resistant crops will become a standard tool in plant breeding.

scholarly journals Citizen views on genome editing: effects of species and purpose

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa Busch ◽  
Erin Ryan ◽  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
Daniel M. Weary
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us

AbstractPublic opinion can affect the adoption of genome editing technologies. In food production, genome editing can be applied to a wide range of applications, in different species and with different purposes. This study analyzed how the public responds to five different applications of genome editing, varying the species involved and the proposed purpose of the modification. Three of the applications described the introduction of disease resistance within different species (human, plant, animal), and two targeted product quality and quantity in cattle. Online surveys in Canada, the US, Austria, Germany and Italy were carried out with a total sample size of 3698 participants. Using a between-subject design, participants were confronted with one of the five applications and asked to decide whether they considered it right or wrong. Perceived risks, benefits, and the perception of the technology as tampering with nature were surveyed and were complemented with socio-demographics and a measure of the participants’ moral foundations. In all countries, participants evaluated the application of disease resistance in humans as most right to do, followed by disease resistance in plants, and then in animals, and considered changes in product quality and quantity in cattle as least right to do. However, US and Italian participants were generally more positive toward all scenarios, and German and Austrian participants more negative. Cluster analyses identified four groups of participants: ‘strong supporters’ who saw only benefits and little risks, ‘slight supporters’ who perceived risks and valued benefits, ‘neutrals’ who showed no pronounced opinion, and ‘opponents’ who perceived higher risks and lower benefits. This research contributes to understanding public response to applications of genome editing, revealing differences that can help guide decisions related to adoption of these technologies.

Genome Editing to Develop Disease Resistance in Crops

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-252
Author(s):  
Kashaf Zafar ◽  
Azka Noureen ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Akbar Awan ◽  
Naveed Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Editing

scholarly journals Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Tools for Genome Editing in the White-Rot Fungus Dichomitus squalens

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Kowalczyk ◽  
Shreya Saha ◽  
Miia R. Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Dichomitus Squalens

Dichomitus squalens is an emerging reference species that can be used to investigate white-rot fungal plant biomass degradation, as it has flexible physiology to utilize different types of biomass as sources of carbon and energy. Recent comparative (post-) genomic studies on D. squalens resulted in an increasingly detailed knowledge of the genes and enzymes involved in the lignocellulose breakdown in this fungus and showed a complex transcriptional response in the presence of lignocellulose-derived compounds. To fully utilize this increasing amount of data, efficient and reliable genetic manipulation tools are needed, e.g., to characterize the function of certain proteins in vivo and facilitate the construction of strains with enhanced lignocellulolytic capabilities. However, precise genome alterations are often very difficult in wild-type basidiomycetes partially due to extremely low frequencies of homology directed recombination (HDR) and limited availability of selectable markers. To overcome these obstacles, we assessed various Cas9-single guide RNA (sgRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) -based strategies for selectable homology and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) -based gene editing in D. squalens. We also showed an induction of HDR-based genetic modifications by using single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) in a basidiomycete fungus for the first time. This paper provides directions for the application of targeted CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in D. squalens and other wild-type (basidiomycete) fungi.

scholarly journals Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in a salmonid fish cell line using a lentivirus delivery system

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remi L. Gratacap ◽  
Tim Regan ◽  
Carola E. Dehler ◽  
Samuel A.M. Martin ◽  
Pierre Boudinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Lentivirus Transduction

1AbstractGenome editing is transforming bioscience research, but its application to non-model organisms, such as farmed animal species, requires optimisation. Salmonids are the most important aquaculture species by value, and improving genetic resistance to infectious disease is a major goal. However, use of genome editing to evaluate putative disease resistance genes in cell lines, and the use of genome-wide CRISPR screens is currently limited by a lack of available tools and techniques. In the current study, an optimised protocol using lentivirus transduction for efficient integration of constructs into the genome of a Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshwaytcha) cell line (CHSE-214) was developed. As proof-of-principle, two target genes were edited with high efficiency in an EGFP-Cas9 stable CHSE cell line; specifically, the exogenous, integrated EGFP and the endogenous RIG-I locus. Finally, the effective use of antibiotic selection to enrich the successfully edited targeted population was demonstrated. The optimised lentiviral-mediated CRISPR method reported here increases possibilities for efficient genome editing in salmonid cells, in particular for future applications of genome-wide CRISPR screens for disease resistance.

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Resistance Gene Analogues in Elite Sugarcane Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqsa Parvaiz ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar Khan ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Sequence Characterization ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Cellular Dna

Background: Resistance Gene Analogues (RGAs) are an important source of disease resistance in crop plants and have been extensively studies for their identification, tagging and mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). Tracking these RGAs in sugarcane can be of great help for the selection and screening of disease resistant clones. Objective: In the present study expression of different Resistance Gene Analogues (RGAs) was assessed in indigenous elite sugarcane genotypes which include resistant, highly resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible to disease infestation. Methods: Total cellular DNA and RNA were isolated from fourteen indigenous elite sugarcane genotypes. PCR, semi-quantitative RT PCR and real time qPCR analyses were performed. The resultant amplicons were sequence characterized, chromosomal localization and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Result: All of the 15 RGA primers resulted in amplification of single or multiple fragments from genomic DNA whereas only five RGA primers resulted in amplification from cDNA. Sequence characterization of amplified fragments revealed 86-99% similarity with disease resistance proteins indicating their potential role in disease resistance response. Phylogenetic analysis also validated these findings. Further, expression of RGA-012, RGA-087, RGA-118, RGA-533 and RGA-542 appeared to be upregulated and down regulated in disease resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively, after inoculation with Colletotrichum falcatum. Conclusion: RGAs are present in most of our indigenous genotypes. Anyhow, differential expression of five RGAs indicated that they have some critical role in disease resistance. So, the retrieved results can not only be employed to devise molecular markers for the screening of disease resistant genotypes but can also be used to develop disease resistant plants through transgenic technology.

scholarly journals Genome editing for plant disease resistance: applications and perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1767) ◽  
pp. 20180322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangquan Yin ◽  
Jin-Long Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Genome Modifications ◽  
Global Food

Diseases severely affect crop yield and quality, thereby threatening global food security. Genetic improvement of plant disease resistance is essential for sustainable agriculture. Genome editing has been revolutionizing plant biology and biotechnology by enabling precise, targeted genome modifications. Editing provides new methods for genetic improvement of plant disease resistance and accelerates resistance breeding. Here, we first summarize the challenges for breeding resistant crops. Next, we focus on applications of genome editing technology in generating plants with resistance to bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Finally, we discuss the potential of genome editing for breeding crops that present novel disease resistance in the future. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.

scholarly journals Challenges and Advances in Genome Editing Technologies in Streptomyces

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Zhao ◽  
Guoquan Li ◽  
Yunliang Chen ◽  
Yinhua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The genome of Streptomyces encodes a high number of natural product (NP) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Most of these BGCs are not expressed or are poorly expressed (commonly called silent BGCs) under traditional laboratory experimental conditions. These NP BGCs represent an unexplored rich reservoir of natural compounds, which can be used to discover novel chemical compounds. To activate silent BGCs for NP discovery, two main strategies, including the induction of BGCs expression in native hosts and heterologous expression of BGCs in surrogate Streptomyces hosts, have been adopted, which normally requires genetic manipulation. So far, various genome editing technologies have been developed, which has markedly facilitated the activation of BGCs and NP overproduction in their native hosts, as well as in heterologous Streptomyces hosts. In this review, we summarize the challenges and recent advances in genome editing tools for Streptomyces genetic manipulation with a focus on editing tools based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems. Additionally, we discuss the future research focus, especially the development of endogenous CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies in Streptomyces.

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