scholarly journals Glycan and lectin biosensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Štefan Belický ◽  
Jaroslav Katrlík ◽  
Ján Tkáč
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Glycan Structure ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Cell Type

A short description about the importance of glycan biorecognition in physiological (blood cell type) and pathological processes (infections by human and avian influenza viruses) is provided in this review. Glycans are described as much better information storage media, compared to proteins or DNA, due to the extensive variability of glycan structures. Techniques able to detect an exact glycan structure are briefly discussed with the main focus on the application of lectins (glycan-recognising proteins) in the specific analysis of glycans still attached to proteins or cells/viruses. Optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric and micromechanical biosensors with immobilised lectins or glycans able to detect a wide range of analytes including whole cells/viruses are also discussed.

scholarly journals Can glycoprofiling be helpful in detecting prostate cancer?

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Belicky ◽  
Jan Tkac
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Glycan Structure ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Glycan Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions

AbstractGlycans are chains of carbohydrates attached to proteins (glycoproteins and proteoglycans) or lipids (glycolipids). Glycosylation is a post-translational modification and glycans have a wide range of functions in the human body including involvement in oncological diseases. Change in a glycan structure can not only indicate the presence of a pathological process but, more importantly, in some cases also its stage. Thus, a glycan analysis has the potential to be an effective and reliable tool in cancer diagnostics. Lectins are proteins responsible for natural biorecognition of glycans; even carbohydrate moieties still attached to proteins or whole cells can be recognised by lectins, which makes them an ideal candidate for designing label-free biosensors for glycan analysis. This review seeks to summarise evidence that the glycoprofiling of biomarkers by lectin-based biosensors can be of significant help in detecting prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Tropism of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and influenza virus in canine tissue explants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine H T Bui ◽  
H W Yeung ◽  
John C W Ho ◽  
Connie Y H Leung ◽  
Kenrie P Y Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Human spillovers of SARS-CoV-2 to dogs and the emergence of a highly contagious avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus have raised concerns towards the role of dogs in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and their susceptibility to existing human and avian influenza viruses which might result in further reassortment. Methods We systematically studied the replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, influenza A viruses of H1, H3, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes and influenza B viruses of Yamagata-like and Victoria-like lineages in ex-vivo canine nasal cavity (NC), soft palate (SP), trachea (T) and lung (L) tissue explant cultures and examined ACE2 and sialic acid (SA) receptor distribution in these tissues. Results There was limited productive replication of SARS-CoV-2 in canine NC and SARS-CoV in canine NC, SP and L with unexpectedly high ACE2 levels in canine NC and SP. Meanwhile, the canine tissues were susceptible to a wide range of human and avian influenza viruses, which matched with the abundance of both human and avian SA receptors. Conclusions Existence of suitable receptors and tropism for the same tissue foster virus adaptation and reassortment. Continuous surveillance in dog populations should be conducted given the plenty of chances for spillover during outbreaks.

scholarly journals Review analysis and impact of co-circulating H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokshana Parvin ◽  
Jahan Ara Begum ◽  
Mohammed Nooruzzaman ◽  
Emdadul Haque Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Live Bird

AbstractAlmost the full range of 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been detected either in waterfowl, land-based poultry or in the environment in Bangladesh. AIV infections in Bangladesh affected a wide range of host species of terrestrial poultry. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) H5N1 and low pathogenic AI H9N2 were found to co-circulate and be well entrenched in the poultry population, which has caused serious damage to the poultry industry since 2007. By reviewing the available scientific literature, the overall situation of AIVs in Bangladesh is discussed. All Bangladeshi (BD) H5N1 and H9N2 AIV sequences available at GenBank were downloaded along with other representative sequences to analyse the genetic diversity among the circulating AIVs in Bangladesh and to compare with the global situation. Three different H5N1 clades, 2.2.2, 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.2, have been detected in Bangladesh. Only 2.3.2.1a is still present. The BD LP H9N2 viruses mostly belonged to the H9 G1 lineage but segregated into many branches, and some of these shared internal genes with HP viruses of subtypes H7N3 and H5N1. However, these reassortment events might have taken place before introduction to Bangladesh. Currently, H9N2 viruses continue to evolve their HA cleavage, receptor binding and glycosylation sites. Multiple mutations in the HA gene associated with adaptation to mammalian hosts were also observed. Strict biosecurity at farms and gradual phasing out of live-bird markets could be the key measures to better control AIVs, whereas stamping out is not a practicable option in Bangladesh. Vaccination also could be an additional tool, which however, requires careful planning. Continuous monitoring of AIVs through systematic surveillance and genetic characterisation of the viruses remains a hallmark of AI control.

One-step fast and label-free imaging array for multiplexed detection of trace avian influenza viruses

2021 ◽  
pp. 338645
Author(s):  
Dagang Jiang ◽  
Yafei Tian ◽  
Yujiao Zhang ◽  
Xueyun Lu ◽  
Dan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Multiplexed Detection ◽  
Imaging Array ◽  
One Step

scholarly journals Pathogenic Assessment of Avian Influenza Viruses in Migratory Birds

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Eun-Ha Kim ◽  
Young-ll Kim ◽  
Se Mi Kim ◽  
Kwang-Min Yu ◽  
Mark Anthony B. Casel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses

scholarly journals Development of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of H7 subtype avian influenza viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Li ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
Qingmei Li ◽  
Jifei Yang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
H7 Subtype

Abstract Background H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV) including highly and low pathogenic viruses have been detected in China since 2013. H7N9 AIV has a high mortality rate after infection in humans, and most human cases have close contacted with poultry in the live poultry market. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) technique for H7N9 AIV detection. Methods The H7N9 AIV was inactivated and purified, and was used as the antigen to immunize BALB/c. Twelve H7-HA specific monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) were produced through the hybridoma technique. The McAb 10A8 was conjugated with colloid gold as detecting antibody; McAb 9B6 was dispensed on the nitrocellulose membran as the capture test line and the Goat-anti mouse IgG antibody was dispensed as control line respectively. The immunochromatographic strip was prepared. Results The analysis of ELISA and virus neutralization test showed that the obtained McAbs specifically recognized H7 HA. Based on the prepared strip, the detection of H7 AIV was achieved within 10 min. No cross-reaction occurred between H7 AIVs and other tested viruses. The detection limit of the strip for H7 was 2.4 log10EID50/0.1 mL for chicken swab samples. Conclusion The McAbs were specific for H7 and the immunochromatographic strip developed in this study was convenient, rapid and reliable for the detection of H7 AIV. The strip could provide an effective method for the rapid and early detection of H7 AIV.

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