The relationship between habitual dietary sodium intake and RAAS blockade on circulating microparticle levels in type two diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (20) ◽  
pp. 2207-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Baqar ◽  
Dorothy Liu ◽  
Lisa F. Lincz ◽  
Yee Wen Kong ◽  
George Jerums ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Raas Blockade ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Circulating Microparticles ◽  
Type Two Diabetes

Objective: Low sodium intake is paradoxically associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), possibly from renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the associations between habitual sodium intake and RAAS blockade on endothelial function by measuring circulating microparticles (MPs) in individuals with T2D. Methods: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study in 74 individuals with T2D. Habitual dietary sodium intake was estimated by using the mean of three corrected 24-h urine sodium excretion measurements (24hUNa). MP subtypes in platelet-free plasma were quantitated using flow cytometry. Results: No associations between 24hUNa with levels of endothelial MPs were observed. Instead, a trend toward higher diabetes related CD36+/CD235a+ MP levels was associated with lower 24hUNa (rho = −0.23, P=0.05). When stratified according to tertiles of 24hUNa, platelet-derived CD42b+/CD41+ and CD42+/CD41+/Annexin V+ MPs were higher in the lowest tertile (24hUNa < 157 mmol/24 h) (P=0.02 respectively). Despite RAAS blockade being associated with lower levels of most MP subsets, it was not associated with lower MPs, in the setting of low sodium intake. Conclusion: Lower sodium intake is associated with higher circulating procoagulant MPs, but not with evidence of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with T2D.

scholarly journals Sodium Sensitivity, Sodium Resistance, and Incidence of Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang He ◽  
Jian-Feng Huang ◽  
Changwei Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xiangfeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Sensitivity ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Increased Risk

Cross-sectional studies have reported that high sodium sensitivity is more common among individuals with hypertension. Experimental studies have also reported various animal models with sodium-resistant hypertension. It is unknown, however, whether sodium sensitivity and resistance precede the development of hypertension. We conducted a feeding study, including a 7-day low-sodium diet (1180 mg/day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium diet (7081 mg/day), among 1718 Chinese adults with blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mm Hg. We longitudinally followed them over an average of 7.4 years. Three BP measurements and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion were obtained on each of 3 days during baseline observation, low-sodium and high-sodium interventions, and 2 follow-up studies. Three trajectories of BP responses to dietary sodium intake were identified using latent trajectory analysis. Mean (SD) changes in systolic BP were −13.7 (5.5), −4.9 (3.0), and 2.4 (3.0) mm Hg during the low-sodium intervention and 11.2 (5.3), 4.4 (4.1), and −0.2 (4.1) mm Hg during the high-sodium intervention ( P <0.001 for group differences) in high sodium-sensitive, moderate sodium-sensitive, and sodium-resistant groups, respectively. Compared with individuals with moderate sodium sensitivity, multiple-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for incident hypertension were 1.43 (1.03–1.98) for those with high sodium sensitivity and 1.43 (1.03–1.99) for those with sodium resistance ( P =0.006 for nonlinear trend). Furthermore, a J-shaped association between systolic BP responses to sodium intake and incident hypertension was identified ( P <0.001). Similar results were observed for diastolic BP. Our study indicates that individuals with either high sodium sensitivity or sodium resistance are at an increased risk for developing hypertension.

scholarly journals Is socioeconomic status associated with dietary sodium intake in Australian children? A cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e002106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carley A Grimes ◽  
Karen J Campbell ◽  
Lynn J Riddell ◽  
Caryl A Nowson
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Evaluation of exposure to effervescent drugs in a large health check-up population in France: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e022368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germain Perrin ◽  
Sarah Berdot ◽  
Frédérique Thomas ◽  
Bruno Pannier ◽  
Nicolas Danchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesThe relationship between high dietary sodium intake and hypertension is well established. Some drugs are associated with high-sodium content, particularly effervescent tablets (ETs). Despite a possible cardiovascular risk associated with the use of such drugs, observational data describing exposure to ETs in ambulatory subjects are lacking.This study aims to estimate the prevalence of exposure to ETs and to highlight factors associated with this exposure in a large French health check-up population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsParticipants were French individuals who underwent medical check-ups at the Investigations Préventives et Cliniques centre between April and June 2017.ResultsIn total, 1043 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of exposure to ETs in the last 30 days was 26.9% (95% CI 24.2% to 29.6%). Exposure was frequent (ie, two ETs per week or more in the last 30 days) for 7.3% of subjects. Self-medication was the major source of exposure (93.8%). Paracetamol, aspirin, vitamins and betaine accounted for 95.3% of the ETs used. The factors associated with this exposure by multivariate analysis were: male gender, Overseas French origin, depression and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. A diagnosis of hypertension or treatment with diuretics were not protective factors against exposure to ETs.ConclusionExposure to ETs is frequent in the general population, particularly through self-medication. Clinical conditions associated with low-salt requirements were not associated with lower exposure to ETs, suggesting a lack of awareness by practitioners and patients about this iatrogenic issue.

scholarly journals Dietary Sources and Sodium/Salt Intake in Youngsters of Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1465-1465
Author(s):  
Hilda Núñez-Rivas ◽  
Ileana Holst-Schumacher ◽  
Natalia Campos-Saborío
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Puff Pastry ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Abstract Objectives To describe major dietary sources of sodium/salt and estimate its intake among children and adolescents of Costa Rica. Methods Cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 2677 youngsters aged 7 to 18 years who completed an intake food frequency. Wald F and t tests were used to examine differences between groups. Results Average daily sodium intake was highest among adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (3965 ± 920 mg). The lowest average daily sodium intake was particularly among girls under 12 years of age (2999 ± 94 mg). Twelve food categories contributed to more than half (58%) of Costa Rican youngsters sodium/salt which include: pizza, snacks, hamburger, hot dog, sausage, soups, puff pastry snacks, cheese, fried chicken, sauces/dressings, salted seeds and popcorn. Conclusions Costa Rican youngsters consume almost more than twice of recommended dietary sodium/salt, increasing their risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. Funding Sources None.

Association between dietary sodium intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Long Zhou ◽  
Yuxuan Yang ◽  
Yang Feng ◽  
Xiaodan Zhao ◽  
Yameng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Us ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Objective: To explore the association between dietary Na intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a nationally representative sample of the US population. Design: In this cross-sectional study, the associations between Na intake and NAFLD, defined by the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the fatty liver index (FLI), were assessed through multivariable logistic regression models. Setting: Communities in the USA from 2007 to 2014. Participants: Men and women aged 20 years and older. Results: A total of 11 022 participants were included in the HSI-defined NAFLD analysis, and a subsample of 5320 participants was included in the FLI-defined NAFLD analysis. Compared with the lowest quartile of Na intake, the highest quartile had a multivariate-adjusted OR and 95 % CI of 1·46 (1·29, 1·65) for NAFLD as defined by HSI, and 1·41 (1·18, 1·69) for NAFLD as defined by FLI. This association was, to some degree, attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for several related metabolic parameters, including BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and diabetes. Conclusions: Findings from the current study indicate that dietary Na intake is positively associated with NAFLD in US adults.

Interrelationships between urinary sodium, calcium, hydroxyproline and serum PTH in healthy subjects

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen LP Chan ◽  
Chung Shun Ho ◽  
Dorothy MacDonald ◽  
Suzanne C Ho ◽  
Thomas YK Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Serum Pth ◽  
Hydroxyproline Excretion

The effect of sodium intake on the excretion of calcium, hydroxyproline (OHP) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) was examined. When seven healthy males increased their sodium intake by 200 mmol/day, excretion of calcium increased by 1.70 mmol/day and that of OHP by 27%. Serum PTH, however, did not increase significantly. In a cross-sectional study of 334 healthy female subjects there were strong positive correlations between fasting urinary sodium/creatinine (Na/Cr) and calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) ratios (r=0.573) and between Na/Cr and urinary OHP/Cr ratios (r=0.246). Serum PTH was negatively correlated with Na/Cr ratio (r= −0.161). We conclude that an increase in dietary sodium causes calciuria and an increase in hydroxyproline excretion. The results do not support the hypothesis that this is mediated by PTH.

scholarly journals Sodium Intake, Dietary Knowledge, and Illness Perceptions of Controlled and Uncontrolled Rural Hypertensive Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Kamran ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Gholamreza Sharifirad ◽  
Behzad Mahaki ◽  
Afshan Sharghi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Introduction and Objectives. Nutritional knowledge of the patients is important in dietary adherence. This study aimed to determine the relationship between illness perceptions and nutritional knowledge with the amounts of sodium intake among rural hypertensive patients.Methods. In a cross-sectional study, 671 hypertensive patients were selected in a multistage random sampling from the rural areas of Ardabil city, Iran, in 2013. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of four sections and were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions by SPSS-18.Results.The mean of sodium intake in the uncontrolled hypertensive patients was3599±258 mg/day and significantly greater than controlled group (2654±540 mg/day) (P<0.001). Knowledge and illness perceptions could predict 47.2% of the variation in sodium intake of uncontrolled group. A significant negative relationship was found between knowledge and illness perceptions of uncontrolled hypertensive patients with dietary sodium intake (r=-0.66,P<0.001andr=-0.65,P<0.001, resp.).Conclusion.Considering the fact that patients’ nutritional knowledge and illness perceptions could highly predict their sodium intake, the importance of paying more attention to improve patients’ information and perceptions about hypertension is undeniable, especially among the uncontrolled hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Sodium Content of Processed Foods Available in the Mexican Market

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Nieto ◽  
Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo ◽  
Catalina Medina ◽  
Eric Monterrubio-Flores ◽  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

Background: Sodium intake has been related to several adverse health outcomes; such as, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Processed foods are major contributors to the population&rsquo;s dietary sodium intake. The aim of the present study was to determine sodium levels in Mexican packaged foods; also to evaluate the proportion of foods that comply with sodium benchmark targets set by the UK Food Standards Agency (UK FSA) and those set by the Mexican Commission for the Protection of Health Risks (COFEPRIS). We also evaluated the proportion of foods that exceeded the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) targets. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that comprised data collected from the package of 2,248 processed foods from selected supermarkets of Mexico. Results: Many processed food categories contained excessive amount of sodium, being the processed meats (ham, bacon and sausages) those that have the highest concentrations. The proportion of foods classified as compliant in our sample was lower for international targets (FSA UK and PAHO) compared to the Mexican COFEPRIS criteria. Conclusions: These data provide a critical baseline assessment for monitoring sodium levels in Mexican processed foods.

Relationship Between Nutrient Intake and Vitamin D Status in Osteoporotic Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Souza Genaro ◽  
de Paiva Pereira ◽  
de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Szejnfeld ◽  
Araújo Martini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Records

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and optimizing bone health. Its inadequacy is related to many factors including dietary intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D and its relationship with nutrient intakes in postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study comprised 45 free-living and assisted elderly at São Paulo Hospital. Three-day dietary records were used to assess dietary intakes. Bone mineral density was measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Blood and urine sample were collected for analysis of biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism. Insufficiency of vitamin D was observed in 24.4% of the women and optimal levels (≥ 50 nmol/L) were observed in 75.6%. Parathyroid hormone was above the reference range in 51% of the participants. The mean calcium (724 mg/day) and vitamin D (4.2 μ g/day) intakes were lower than the value proposed by The Food and Nutrition Board and sodium intake was more than two-fold above the recommendation. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with sodium intake. Dietary strategies to improve serum vitamin D must focus on increasing vitamin D intake and should take a reduction of sodium intake into consideration.

Excessive Sodium Intake and Related Factors According to Energy Intakes Among Korean Elderly: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Tak ◽  
Jeong-Gyu Lee ◽  
Yun-Jin Kim ◽  
Sangyeoup Lee ◽  
Dong-Wook Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Korean Elderly
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