Kidney–brain axis inflammatory cross-talk: from bench to bedside

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Silva Miranda ◽  
Thiago Macedo Cordeiro ◽  
Thomas Mucida dos Santos Lacerda Soares ◽  
Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira ◽  
Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Local Formation ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

Epidemiologic data suggest that individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, and dementia. This risk is generally explained by the high prevalence of both symptomatic and subclinical ischemic cerebrovascular lesions. However, other potential mechanisms, including cytokine/chemokine release, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), circulating and local formation of trophic factors and of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) molecules, could also be involved, especially in the absence of obvious cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence for the role of these mechanisms in kidney–brain cross-talk. In addition, we hypothesize potential pathways for the interactions between kidney and brain and their pathophysiological role in neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes found in patients with CKD. Understanding the pathophysiologic interactions between renal impairment and brain function is important in order to minimize the risk for future cognitive impairment and to develop new strategies for innovative pharmacological treatment.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological role of the renin-angiotensin system on erectile dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
François Mach ◽  
Robson A. S. Santos ◽  
Nikos Stergiopulos
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

scholarly journals The age-related effect on cognitive performance in cognitively healthy elderly is mainly caused by underlying AD pathology or cerebrovascular lesions: implications for cutoffs regarding cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Borland ◽  
Erik Stomrud ◽  
Danielle van Westen ◽  
Oskar Hansson ◽  
Sebastian Palmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Background As research in treatments for neurocognitive diseases progresses, there is an increasing need to identify cognitive decline in the earliest stages of disease for initiation of treatment in addition to determining the efficacy of treatment. For early identification, accurate cognitive tests cutoff values for cognitive impairment are essential. Methods We conducted a study on 297 cognitively healthy elderly people from the BioFINDER study and created subgroups excluding people with signs of underlying neuropathology, i.e., abnormal cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] β-amyloid or phosphorylated tau, CSF neurofilament light (neurodegeneration), or cerebrovascular pathology. We compared cognitive test results between groups and examined the age effect on cognitive test results. Results In our subcohort without any measurable pathology (n = 120), participants achieved better test scores and significantly stricter cutoffs for cognitive impairment for almost all the examined tests. The age effect in this subcohort disappeared for all cognitive tests, apart from some attention/executive tests, predominantly explained by the exclusion of cerebrovascular pathology. Conclusion Our study illustrates a new approach to establish normative data that could be useful to identify earlier cognitive changes in preclinical dementias. Future studies need to investigate if there is a genuine effect of healthy aging on cognitive tests or if this age effect is a proxy for higher prevalence of preclinical neurodegenerative diseases.

The pathophysiological role of natriuretic peptide-RAAS cross talk in heart failure

2017 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Rossi ◽  
Annamaria Mascolo ◽  
Vincenzo Mollace
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

scholarly journals Pathophysiological Role of TRPM2 in Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Mice

Neuroscience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Kakae ◽  
Jun Miyanohara ◽  
Misa Morishima ◽  
Kazuki Nagayasu ◽  
Yasuo Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

Renin–angiotensin system as a potential therapeutic target in stroke and retinopathy: experimental and clinical evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Y. Fouda ◽  
Sandeep Artham ◽  
Azza B. El-Remessy ◽  
Susan C. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

This review examines the published literature on the role of the renin-angiotensin system in neurovascular disorders including stroke, retinopathy, traumatic brain injury and cognitive impairment. The review presents both experimental and clinical studies conducted in the field, and sheds light on the translational gap and clinical underutilization of renin-angiotensin system modulators in neurovascular disorders.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia and Cognitive Function: Role of Myokines in Muscle Brain Cross-Talk

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Lucia Scisciola ◽  
Rosaria Anna Fontanella ◽  
Surina ◽  
Vittoria Cataldo ◽  
Giuseppe Paolisso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Injury Protection

Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle mass and function, and it is associated with severe complications, which are falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment, defined as a decline in one or more cognitive domains as language, memory, reasoning, social cognition, planning, making decisions, and solving problems. Although the exact mechanism relating to sarcopenia and cognitive function has not yet been defined, several studies have shown that skeletal muscle produces and secrete molecules, called myokines, that regulate brain functions, including mood, learning, locomotor activity, and neuronal injury protection, showing the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk. Moreover, studies conducted on physical exercise supported the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk, showing how physical activity, changing myokines' circulating levels, exerts beneficial effects on the brain. The review mainly focuses on describing the role of myokines on brain function and their involvement in cognitive impairment in sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Using the Mouse to Model Human Diseases: Cognitive Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1149
Author(s):  
Lara El Khoury ◽  
Aida Zarfeshani ◽  
Betty Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Angiotensin System

In this 2020 Dunlop-Dottridge Lecture, the authors discuss cognitive impairment (CI), one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients often report CI as the most bothersome disease-related manifestation, with a great effect on their quality of life. Nevertheless, studies focusing on CI remain scarce and no effective targeted therapy has been identified. We herein present murine models of CI in SLE with insights into the pathogenesis of this condition as well as the role of the renin angiotensin system in microglial activation. We will discuss the role of neuroimaging as a useful objective assessment tool, describing our experience in previous and ongoing clinical trials of CI in patients with SLE.

Inhibition of chymase protects against diabetes-induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in hamsters

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. F1328-F1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Maeda ◽  
Toyoshi Inoguchi ◽  
Ryoko Takei ◽  
Fumi Sawada ◽  
Shuji Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Chymase Inhibitor

Accumulating evidence suggests that the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system may be involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Chymase is a potent local angiotensin II-forming enzyme in several species, including humans and hamsters. However, the pathophysiological role of chymase is not fully understood. Here, we report a causal role of chymase in diabetic nephropathy and the therapeutic effectiveness of chymase inhibition. In the present study, renal chymase expression was markedly upregulated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hamsters. Oral administration of a specific chymase inhibitor, TEI-F00806, completely ameliorated proteinuria, the overexpression of transforming growth factor-β and fibronectin in glomeruli, and renal mesangial expansion, by normalizing the increase in intrarenal angiotensin II levels in diabetic hamsters independently of blood pressure levels. In contrast, ramipril did not show such sufficient effects. These effects occurred in parallel with improvements in superoxide production and expression of NAD(P)H oxidase components [NAD(P)H oxidase 4 and p22 phox] in glomeruli. This study showed for the first time that chymase inhibition may protect against elevated intrarenal angiotensin II levels, oxidative stress, and renal dysfunction in diabetes. These findings suggest that chymase offers a new therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.

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