Serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentration is not increased by plant stanol ester consumption in normo- to moderately hypercholesterolaemic non-obese subjects. The BLOOD FLOW intervention study

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piia Simonen ◽  
Ulf-Håkan Stenman ◽  
Helena Gylling
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Study ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Stanol Ester

The present randomized, controlled clinical intervention demonstrated that plant stanol ester consumption does not affect serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 concentration thus offering an effective dietary means to lower LDL cholesterol concentration.

scholarly journals Plant Stanol Esters Reduce LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Aggregation by Altering LDL Surface Lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2310-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Ruuth ◽  
Lauri Äikäs ◽  
Feven Tigistu-Sahle ◽  
Reijo Käkelä ◽  
Harri Lindholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Plant Stanol Esters ◽  
Stanol Ester

Objective: Plant stanol ester supplementation (2–3 g plant stanols/d) reduces plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol concentration by 9% to 12% and is, therefore, recommended as part of prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In addition to plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration, also qualitative properties of LDL particles can influence atherogenesis. However, the effect of plant stanol ester consumption on the proatherogenic properties of LDL has not been studied. Approach and Results: Study subjects (n=90) were randomized to consume either a plant stanol ester-enriched spread (3.0 g plant stanols/d) or the same spread without added plant stanol esters for 6 months. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after the intervention. The aggregation susceptibility of LDL particles was analyzed by inducing aggregation of isolated LDL and following aggregate formation. LDL lipidome was determined by mass spectrometry. Binding of serum lipoproteins to proteoglycans was measured using a microtiter well-based assay. LDL aggregation susceptibility was decreased in the plant stanol ester group, and the median aggregate size after incubation for 2 hours decreased from 1490 to 620 nm, P =0.001. Plant stanol ester-induced decrease in LDL aggregation was more extensive in participants having body mass index<25 kg/m 2 . Decreased LDL aggregation susceptibility was associated with decreased proportion of LDL-sphingomyelins and increased proportion of LDL-triacylglycerols. LDL binding to proteoglycans was decreased in the plant stanol ester group, the decrease depending on decreased serum LDL-cholesterol concentration. Conclusions: Consumption of plant stanol esters decreases the aggregation susceptibility of LDL particles by modifying LDL lipidome. The resulting improvement of LDL quality may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01315964.

scholarly journals Optimal Use of Plant Stanol Ester in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia

Cholesterol ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Rosin ◽  
Ilkka Ojansivu ◽  
Aino Kopu ◽  
Malin Keto-Tokoi ◽  
Helena Gylling
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Cholesterol Reduction ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Reduce Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Stanol Ester

Plant stanol ester is a natural compound which is used as a cholesterol-lowering ingredient in functional foods and food supplements. The safety and efficacy of plant stanol ester have been confirmed in more than 70 published clinical studies and the ingredient is a well-established and widely recommended dietary measure to reduce serum cholesterol. Daily intake of 2 g plant stanols as plant stanol ester lowers LDL-cholesterol by 10%, on average. In Europe, foods with added plant stanol ester have been on the market for 20 years, and today such products are also available in many Asian and American countries. Despite the well-documented efficacy, the full potential in cholesterol reduction may not be reached if plant stanol ester is not used according to recommendations. This review therefore concentrates on the optimal use of plant stanol ester as part of dietary management of hypercholesterolemia. For optimal cholesterol lowering aiming at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, plant stanol ester should be used daily, in sufficient amounts, with a meal and in combination with other recommended dietary changes.

The Effects of Plant Stanol Ester in Different Subject Groups

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gylling ◽  
Tatu A Miettinen ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Primary Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Stanol Ester

Different food products enriched with plant stanol esters have proved effective and safe as a dietary hypocholesterolaemic tool in about 60 published clinical studies during 15 years on the market. In addition to lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 10% with a dose of 2g/day, plant stanol effectively reduces serum plant sterols and also, in some studies, serum triglycerides. It has been shown to be an effective dietary hypocholesterolaemic agent in adults and children with primary hypercholesterolaemia, in familial hypercholesterolaemia, in coronary subjects and in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Plant stanol ester can be combined with statin to obtain more powerful serum total and LDL cholesterol reduction. This combination therapy inhibits both cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Plant stanol ester reduced the C-reactive protein (CRP) level in recent studies and, in contrast to ezetimibe, it does not change the LDL particle size. Plant stanol ester consumption tends to reduce the plant sterol contents of arterial wall, and in some, but not all, studies it improves endothelial function, a surrogate marker of pre-clinical atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Cereal-Based Snack Bar with Added Plant Stanol Ester (Benecol®) Consumed between Meals Lowers Serum Total and LDL Cholesterol Effectively in Mildly to Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Subjects

Cholesterol ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essi Sarkkinen ◽  
Mari Lyyra ◽  
Sakari Nieminen ◽  
Päivi Kuusisto ◽  
Ingmar Wester
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Parallel Design ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Habitual Diet ◽  
Stanol Ester ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Subjects

The cholesterol-lowering effect of foods with added plant sterols or stanols consumed as snacks might be compromised. The purpose of this study was to confirm the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a specially formulated cereal-based snack bar with added plant stanol ester (1.6 g plant stanols/day) when consumed between meals twice a day. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week parallel-design study, 71 mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomized into one of two groups, stanol or placebo group. Subjects were advised to replace their ordinary snacks with test products in an isocaloric manner and otherwise keep their habitual diet unchanged. The study showed that a snack bar product with added plant stanol ester lowered LDL and non-HDL cholesterol by 8.6% and 9.2% (mean%-change), respectively, as compared to the placebo product. The change in LDL cholesterol was statistically significantly different (P=0.001) between the groups while the change in HDL cholesterol or triglycerides did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, the cereal-based snack bar with added plant stanol ester ingested without a meal reduced LDL cholesterol significantly without affecting HDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women. The study is registered as NCT03284918.

Abstract 15438: Serum Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Levels Are Not Increased by Plant Stanol Ester Consumption

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piia Simonen ◽  
Ulf-Håkan Stenman ◽  
Helena Gylling
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Plant Stanols ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Stanol Ester

Introduction: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a critical role in regulating cholesterol metabolism mainly by binding to LDL receptors targeting them for degradation. Statins, inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, increase the serum PCSK9 concentration limiting the potential of statins to reduce LDL cholesterol (C) concentration, whereas ezetimibe, an inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, has ambiguous effects on circulating PCSK9 levels. Plant stanols lower LDL-C by inhibiting cholesterol absorption, but their effect on serum PCSK9 concentration is not known. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that consumption of plant stanol esters lowers LDL-C without increasing circulating PCSK9 levels. Methods: Ninety-two normo- and mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects, 35 men and 57 women (mean age 50.8±1.0 (SE) years) were randomly divided into plant stanol ester (STANOL) (n=46) and control (n=46) groups. They consumed spread enriched with (STANOL group) and without (control group) plant stanol (3g /d) ester in a double-blind intervention for six months. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were analysed enzymatically and serum PCSK9 concentration was quantitated with Quantikine Elisa Immunoassay at baseline and after the intervention. Results: At baseline, serum PCSK9 levels correlated positively with LDL-C in the whole study population. Serum total, LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations, similar between the study groups at baseline, declined by 7%,10%, and 11% at the end of the intervention in the STANOL group compared with the control group (p< 0.001, for all). The baseline serum PCSK9 concentrations were similar between the groups (STANOL 284±16 ng/ml, controls 273±16 ng/ml, ns). At the end of the intervention, serum PCSK9 concentrations were unchanged from baseline in both groups and did not differ between the groups (STANOL 293 ±15 ng/ml, controls 309±16 ng/ml, ns). Conclusion: In conclusion, plant stanol ester consumption does not affect the circulating PCSK9 concentration. Thus, plant stanols provide an efficient dietary means to lower LDL-C concentration without interfering with the LDL receptor-mediated cellular cholesterol uptake and removal.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Lowering Effect of Plant Stanol Ester Yoghurt Drinks with Added Camelina Oil

Cholesterol ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Salo ◽  
Päivi Kuusisto
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Camelina Oil ◽  
Plant Stanols ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Stanol Ester ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering Effect

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of yoghurt minidrinks containing two doses of plant stanol ester either with or without added camelina oil on the serum cholesterol levels in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. In this randomised, double-blind, parallel group study, 143 subjects consumed a 65 mL minidrink together with a meal daily for four weeks. The minidrink contained 1.6 or 2.0 grams of plant stanols with or without 2 grams of alpha-linolenic acid-rich camelina oil. The placebo minidrink did not contain plant stanols or camelina oil. All plant stanol treated groups showed statistically significant total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol lowering relative to baseline and relative to placebo. Compared to placebo, LDL cholesterol was lowered by 9.4% (p<0.01) and 8.1% (p<0.01) with 1.6 g and 2 g plant stanols, respectively. With addition of Camelina oil, 1.6 g plant stanols resulted in 11.0% (p<0.01) and 2 g plant stanols in 8.4% (p<0.01) reduction in LDL cholesterol compared to placebo. In conclusion, yoghurt minidrinks with plant stanol ester reduced serum LDL cholesterol significantly and addition of a small amount of camelina oil did not significantly enhance the cholesterol lowering effect. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02628990.

scholarly journals Dietary plant stanol ester consumption improves immune function in asthma patients: results of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial1

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Brüll ◽  
Els De Smet ◽  
Ronald P Mensink ◽  
Anita Vreugdenhil ◽  
Anja Kerksiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Plant Stanol Ester ◽  
Plant Stanol ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Stanol Ester
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