Short-term high-fat diet increases macrophage markers in skeletal muscle accompanied by impaired insulin signalling in healthy male subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëtte R. Boon ◽  
Leontine E. H. Bakker ◽  
Mariëlle C. Haks ◽  
Edwin Quinten ◽  
Gert Schaart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Male Subjects

Short-term high-fat diet results in enhanced expression of markers for macrophages in skeletal muscle of healthy male subjects. This may be an early event in the development of insulin resistance in the course of high-fat diet induced obesity.

scholarly journals CTRP9 transgenic mice are protected from diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. R522-R533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Peterson ◽  
Zhikui Wei ◽  
Marcus M. Seldin ◽  
Mardi S. Byerly ◽  
Susan Aja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

CTRP9 is a secreted multimeric protein of the C1q family and the closest paralog of the insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin. The metabolic function of this adipose tissue-derived plasma protein remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the circulating levels of CTRP9 are downregulated in diet-induced obese mice and upregulated upon refeeding. Overexpressing CTRP9 resulted in lean mice that dramatically resisted weight gain induced by a high-fat diet, largely through decreased food intake and increased basal metabolism. Enhanced fat oxidation in CTRP9 transgenic mice resulted from increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content, expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation (LCAD and MCAD), and chronic AMPK activation. Hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride levels were substantially decreased in transgenic mice. Consequently, CTRP9 transgenic mice had a greatly improved metabolic profile with markedly reduced fasting insulin and glucose levels. The high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis observed in wild-type mice were prevented in transgenic mice. Consistent with the in vivo data, recombinant protein significantly enhanced fat oxidation in L6 myotubes via AMPK activation and reduced lipid accumulation in H4IIE hepatocytes. Collectively, these data establish CTRP9 as a novel metabolic regulator and a new component of the metabolic network that links adipose tissue to lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver.

scholarly journals Urtica dioica Whole Vegetable as a Functional Food Targeting Fat Accumulation and Insulin Resistance-a Preliminary Study in a Mouse Pre-Diabetic Model

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Si Fan ◽  
Samnhita Raychaudhuri ◽  
Olivia Kraus ◽  
Md Shahinozzaman ◽  
Leila Lofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

The shoot of Urtica dioica is used in several cultures as a vegetable or herb. However, not much has been studied about the potential of this plant when consumed as a whole food/vegetable rather than an extract for dietary supplements. In a 12-week dietary intervention study, we tested the effect of U. dioica vegetable on high fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were fed ad libitum with isocaloric diets containing 10% fat or 45% fat with or without U. dioica. The diet supplemented with U. dioica attenuated high fat diet induced weight gain (p < 0.005; n = 9), fat accumulation in adipose tissue (p < 0.005; n = 9), and whole-body insulin resistance (HOMA-IR index) (p < 0.001; n = 9). Analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle showed no effect on the constituents of the insulin signaling pathway (AKT, IRS proteins, PI3K, GLUT4, and insulin receptor). Notable genes that impact lipid or glucose metabolism and whose expression was changed by U. dioica include fasting induced adipocyte factor (FIAF) in adipose and skeletal muscle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (Ppar-α) and forkhead box protein (FOXO1) in muscle and liver, and Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (Cpt1) in liver (p < 0.01). We conclude that U. dioica vegetable protects against diet induced obesity through mechanisms involving lipid accumulation and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Chronic CNS oxytocin signaling preferentially induces fat loss in high-fat diet-fed rats by enhancing satiety responses and increasing lipid utilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (7) ◽  
pp. R640-R658 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Blevins ◽  
Benjamin W. Thompson ◽  
Vishwanath T. Anekonda ◽  
Jacqueline M. Ho ◽  
James L. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sustained Reduction ◽  
Oxytocin Infusion ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Based largely on a number of short-term administration studies, growing evidence suggests that central oxytocin is important in the regulation of energy balance. The goal of the current work is to determine whether long-term third ventricular (3V) infusion of oxytocin into the central nervous system (CNS) is effective for obesity prevention and/or treatment in rat models. We found that chronic 3V oxytocin infusion between 21 and 26 days by osmotic minipumps both reduced weight gain associated with the progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and elicited a sustained reduction of fat mass with no decrease of lean mass in rats with established diet-induced obesity. We further demonstrated that these chronic oxytocin effects result from 1) maintenance of energy expenditure at preintervention levels despite ongoing weight loss, 2) a reduction in respiratory quotient, consistent with increased fat oxidation, and 3) an enhanced satiety response to cholecystokinin-8 and associated decrease of meal size. These weight-reducing effects persisted for approximately 10 days after termination of 3V oxytocin administration and occurred independently of whether sucrose was added to the HFD. We conclude that long-term 3V administration of oxytocin to rats can both prevent and treat diet-induced obesity.

Abstract 2834: A Short-Term High Fat Diet Impairs Cardiac High Energy Phosphate Metabolism, Exercise Capacity and Cognitive Function

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron J Holloway ◽  
Lindsay M Edwards ◽  
Yaso Emmanuel ◽  
Lowri Cochlin ◽  
Damian J Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Plasma Ffas

Background: Heart failure patients have low cardiac phosphocreatine/ATP (PCr/ATP) ratios, abnormal exercise tolerance and impaired cognitive function, which may be related to elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). We tested whether briefly raising plasma FFAs, using diet, causes abnormalities in heart, brain and skeletal muscle in healthy subjects Methods and Results: Healthy males (n = 16, age 22 ± 1 years), recruited from the University of Oxford, were randomised to five days of a high fat diet containing 75 ± 1% of calorie intake through fat consumption, or an isocaloric control diet, providing 23 ± 1% of calorie intake as fat. In a cross-over design, subjects undertook the alternate diet after a two week wash out period. Cardiac 31 P magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and MR imaging, echocardiography, exhaustive cycling for 1 h, and CDR computerised cognitive tests were used to assess cardiac PCr/ATP, cardiac function, exercise capacity and cognitive function, respectively, before and after the diets. Subjects on the HFD had a two-fold elevation in plasma FFAs, 12% lower cardiac PCr/ATP with no change in cardiac function, and a 12% lower maximal exercise performance (see Figure ). They also had impaired attention and speed (2.2 vs. 1.9 s, p < 0.001, and 1.10 vs. 1.05 s, respectively, p < 0.01) Discussion: We have shown a short term, high fat diet raised plasma FFA concentrations, impaired myocardial energetics, exercise capacity and cognition. Therefore high plasma FFAs may be detrimental for heart, skeletal muscle and brain in normal subjects and suggests a potential mechanism of impairment in heart failure patients.

scholarly journals Early skeletal muscle adaptations to short-term high-fat diet in humans before changes in insulin sensitivity

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela S. Anderson ◽  
Kimberly R. Haynie ◽  
Ryan P. McMillan ◽  
Kristin L. Osterberg ◽  
Nabil E. Boutagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Adaptations

scholarly journals Increased bone resorption and impaired bone microarchitecture in short-term and extended high-fat diet–induced obesity

Metabolism ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina M. Patsch ◽  
Florian W. Kiefer ◽  
Peter Varga ◽  
Pamela Pail ◽  
Martina Rauner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bone Microarchitecture ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity
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