Antioxidant treatment prevents the development of fructose-induced abdominal adipose tissue dysfunction

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Fariña ◽  
María Elisa García ◽  
Ana Alzamendi ◽  
Andrés Giovambattista ◽  
Carlos Alberto Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity

In the present study, we tested the effect of OS (oxidative stress) inhibition in rats fed on an FRD [fructose-rich diet; 10% (w/v) in drinking water] for 3 weeks. Normal adult male rats received a standard CD (commercial diet) or an FRD without or with an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, APO (apocynin; 5 mM in drinking water; CD-APO and FRD-APO). We thereafter measured plasma OS and metabolic-endocrine markers, AAT (abdominal adipose tissue) mass and cell size, FA (fatty acid) composition (content and release), OS status, LEP (leptin) and IRS (insulin receptor substrate)-1/IRS-2 mRNAs, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, NADPH oxidase activity and LEP release by isolated AAT adipocytes. FRD-fed rats had larger AAT mass without changes in body weight, and higher plasma levels of TAG (triacylglycerol), FAs, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) and LEP. Although no significant changes in glucose and insulin plasma levels were observed in these animals, their HOMA-IR (homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) values were significantly higher than those of CD. The AAT from FRD-fed rats had larger adipocytes, higher saturated FA content, higher NADPH oxidase activity, greater ROS production, a distorted FA content/release pattern, lower insulin sensitivity together with higher and lower mRNA content of LEP and IRS-1-/2 respectively, and released a larger amount of LEP. The development of all the clinical, OS, metabolic, endocrine and molecular changes induced by the FRD were significantly prevented by APO co-administration. The fact that APO treatment prevented both changes in NADPH oxidase activity and the development of all the FRD-induced AAT dysfunctions in normal rats strongly suggests that OS plays an important role in the FRD-induced MS (metabolic syndrome) phenotype.

Apocynin administration prevents the changes induced by a fructose-rich diet on rat liver metabolism and the antioxidant system

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Castro ◽  
Flavio Francini ◽  
Guillermo Schinella ◽  
Claudia Inés Caldiz ◽  
María Guillermina Zubiría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

In the present study, we investigated the role of NADPH oxidase in F (fructose)-rich-diet-induced hepatic OS (oxidative stress) and metabolic changes, and their prevention by apocynin co-administration. Wistar rats were fed for 21 days on (i) a control diet, (ii) a control diet plus 10% F in the drinking water, (iii) a control diet with apocynin in the drinking water (CA) and (iv) F plus apocynin in the drinking water (FA). Glycaemia, triglyceridaemia, NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids) and insulinaemia were determined. In the liver, we measured (i) NADPH oxidase activity, and gene and protein expression; (ii) protein carbonyl groups, GSH and TBARSs (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances); (iii) catalase, CuZn-SOD (superoxide dismutase) and Mn-SOD expression; (iv) liver glycogen and lipid content; (v) GK (glucokinase), G6Pase (glucose-6-phosphatase) and G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) activities; (vi) FAS (fatty acid synthase), GPAT (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase), G6Pase and G6PDH, IL-1β (interleukin-1β), PAI-1 (plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1) and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) gene expression; and (vii) IκBα (inhibitor of nuclear factor κB α) protein expression. F-fed animals had high serum TAG (triacylglycerol), NEFA and insulin levels, high liver NADPH oxidase activity/expression, increased OS markers, reduced antioxidant enzyme expression, and increased glycogen, TAG storage and GK, G6Pase and G6PDH activities. They also had high G6Pase, G6PDH, FAS, GPAT, TNFα and IL-1β gene expression and decreased IκBα expression. Co-administration of apocynin to F-fed rats prevented the development of most of these abnormalities. In conclusion, NADPH oxidase plays a key role in F-induced hepatic OS production and probably also in the mechanism of liver steatosis, suggesting its potential usefulness for the prevention/treatment of T2DM (Type 2 diabetes mellitus).

Comparative effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ramipril on arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in chronically glucose-fed rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 752-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil El Midaoui ◽  
Mahmoud Ali Ismael ◽  
Huogen Lu ◽  
I. George Fantus ◽  
Jacques de Champlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity

Beneficial effects of an antioxidant (N-acetyl-l-cysteine, NAC) and an angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ramipril) were assessed in a rat model of insulin resistance induced by 10% glucose feeding for 20 weeks. Treatments with NAC (2 g/kg per day) and ramipril (1 mg/kg per day) were initiated at 16 weeks in the drinking fluid. Systolic blood pressure, plasma levels of insulin and glucose, and insulin resistance were significantly higher in rats treated with glucose for 20 weeks. This was associated with a higher production of superoxide anion and NADPH oxidase activity in aorta and liver and with a marked reduction in protein expression of skeletal muscle insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the gastrocnemius muscle. NAC prevented all these alterations. Although ramipril also reversed high blood pressure, it had a lesser effect on insulin resistance (including IRS-1) and blocked superoxide anion production only in aorta. Ramipril, in contrast to NAC, did not reduce NADPH oxidase activity in aorta and liver or plasma levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde. Results suggest that the inhibition of the oxidative stress in hypertensive and insulin-resistant states contributes to the therapeutic effects of NAC and ramipril. Whereas NAC exerts effective antioxidant activity in multiple tissues, ramipril appears to preferentially target the vasculature.

Abstract 19182: Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume Selectively Predicts Myocardial Redox State in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios S Antonopoulos ◽  
Nikant Sabharwal ◽  
Cheerag Shirodaria ◽  
Andrew Kelion ◽  
Raman Uberoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Myocardial redox state is a strong determinant of heart biology. Epicardial adipose tissue (EpAT) is in close contact with the human heart and it is likely that by secreting a wide range of adipokines it may affect the biology of the underlying myocardium. Hypothesis: We hypothesised that EpAT volume may predict myocardial redox state and consequently myocardial function in ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Methods: We recruited 38 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography to assess cardiac function and cardiac computerised tomography to determine the volume of EpAT, pericardial (PerAT) and subcutaneous (ScAT) AT, by using a strictly pre-defined protocol. Samples of right atrium appendage were collected during surgery and myocardial NADPH oxidase activity was assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (using its substrate -NAPDH 100uM +/- its specific inhibitor VAS2870 40uM). Results: Increased EpAT volume index (EpAT volume/body surface area), but not PerAT or ScAT, was strongly associated with increased myocardial NADPH oxidase activity (Figure). EpAT volume index was not related with left ventricle (LV) mass index or LV systolic/diastolic function (p=NS for all). EpAT volume index was also unrelated to risk factors or body mass index (p=NS for all). Conclusions: These findings introduce the concept of a local cross-talk between EpAT and the underlying myocardium in humans. EpAT volume can be used as a surrogate of myocardial redox state, and this may have direct implications in risk stratification of patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery.

scholarly journals Adiponectin as a Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Vascular NADPH Oxidase Activity in the Human Arterial Wall: The Regulatory Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2207-2219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios S. Antonopoulos ◽  
Marios Margaritis ◽  
Patricia Coutinho ◽  
Cheerag Shirodaria ◽  
Costas Psarros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Benefits of Exercise and MitoQ on Memory Function, Mitochondrial Dynamics, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Jae-Hoon Jeong ◽  
Jung-Hoon Koo ◽  
Jang Soo Yook ◽  
Joon-Yong Cho ◽  
Eun-Bum Kang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Positive Effects

Exercise and antioxidants have health benefits that improve cognitive impairment and may act synergistically. In this study, we examined the effects of treadmill exercise (TE) and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MitoQ), individually or combined, on learning and memory, mitochondrial dynamics, NADPH oxidase activity, and neuroinflammation and antioxidant activity in the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced aging rats. TE alone and TE combined with MitoQ in aging rats reduced mitochondrial fission factors (Drp1, Fis1) and increased mitochondrial fusion factors (Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1). These groups also exhibited improved NADPH oxidase activity and antioxidant activity (SOD-2, catalase). TE or MitoQ alone decreased neuroinflammatory response (COX-2, TNF-α), but the suppression was greater with their combination. In addition, aging-increased neuroinflammation in the dentate gyrus was decreased in TE but not MitoQ treatment. Learning and memory tests showed that, contrarily, MitoQ alone demonstrated some similar effects to TE but not a definitive improvement. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MitoQ exerted some positive effects on aging when used as an isolated treatment, but TE had a more effective role on cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondria dysfunction. Our findings suggest that the combination of TE and MitoQ exerted no synergistic effects and indicated regular exercise should be the first priority in neuroprotection of age-related cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Regulation of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Phagocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 285 (43) ◽  
pp. 33197-33208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Debeurme ◽  
Antoine Picciocchi ◽  
Marie-Claire Dagher ◽  
Didier Grunwald ◽  
Sylvain Beaumel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Activity
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