Effect of ischaemic exercise training of a normal limb on angiogenesis of a pathological ischaemic limb in rabbits

2009 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Shen ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Jianan Li ◽  
Juan Su
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
High Group ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Capillary Supply ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that local exercise of a normal limb can promote angiogenesis in a pathological ischaemic limb. New Zealand White rabbits underwent left femoral artery ligation (Lig) and electrode implantation on the right sciatic nerve. The rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups: (i) Lig-N group, which did not receive ES (electrical stimulation); (ii) Lig-High group, which received high-intensity ES (2.5 mA, 40Hz for 1 ms) on the right hindlimb; (iii) Lig-Low group, which received low-intensity ES (0.3 mA, 40Hz for 1 ms) on the right hindlimb; (iv) Double-Lig-High group, which underwent femoral artery ligation on both hindlimbs and received high-intensity ES (2.5 mA, 40Hz for 1 ms) on the right hindlimb. The ES procedure included 5 min of stimulation, followed by 5 min of rest, and was repeated eight times a day for 4 weeks. Collateral circulation was examined grossly by angiography, resting blood flow was measured using the microspheres technique, and capillary supply was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) mRNA and protein were analysed by real-time RT (reverse transcription)–PCR and Western blotting respectively. Collateral blood flow in all of the major muscles of the left hindlimb in the Lig-High group was highest among the four groups (P<0.01). Capillary supply (P<0.001), VEGF mRNA (P<0.01) and VEGF protein (P<0.01) in the gastrocnemius muscle increased remarkably in the Lig-High group; no statistically significant difference was observed among the other three groups. In conclusion, angiogenesis associated with an up-regulation of VEGF expression in pathological ischaemic limb may be facilitated by 4 weeks of physiological ischaemic exercise training in a normal limb.

Abstract 15312: Genetic Deletion of Toll-like Receptor 9 Accelerates Blood Flow Recovery after Hindlimb Ischemia

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nishimoto ◽  
Daiju Fukuda ◽  
Yasutomi Higashikuni ◽  
Kimie Tanaka ◽  
Yoichiro Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Ischemic Limb ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Genetic Deletion ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Background: Peripheral artery disease causes significant functional disability and results in impaired quality of life. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, 3 and 4 are suggested to participate in blood flow recovery in ischemic limb by modulating inflammation and angiogenesis, however, the role of TLR9 remains unknown. TLR9 recognizes bacterial unmethylated DNA and plays a role in innate defense, although it can also provoke inflammation in response to fragmented DNA released from regenerated mammalian cells. This study tested the hypothesis that genetic deletion of TLR9 accelerates blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation by inhibiting inflammation and improving endothelial cell function. Methods and Results: Unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed in TLR9-deficient (TLR9KO) mice and wild type (WT) mice. Femoral artery ligation significantly increased RNA expression of TLR9 (20-times) in WT mice and plasma levels of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA, endogenous ligands for TLR9, in both strains of mice compared with each sham-operated group (P<0.05). Laser Doppler perfusion imaging demonstrated that TLR9KO mice significantly improved the ratio of the blood flow in the ischemic to non-ischemic limb compared with WT mice at 2 weeks after ligation (P<0.05). TLR9KO mice showed less accumulation of macrophages and less expression of inflammatory molecules (e.g., TNF-α, MCP-1 and IL-1β in ischemic muscle compared with WT mice (P<0.05, respectively). In vitro experiments using thioglycolate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages demonstrated that CpG ODN, agonistic oligonucleotide for TLR9, promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g., MCP-1 and TNF-α) in WT macrophages (P<0.05, respectively) but not in TLR9 KO macrophages. Furthermore, activation of TLR9 by CpG ODN inhibited migration and proliferation of endothelial cells as determined by scratch-wound assay and MTS assay, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggested that TLR9 enhances inflammation and affects migration and proliferation of endothelial cells, leading to impaired blood flow recovery in ischemic limb. TLR9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic limb disease.

Effect of short-term, high-intensity exercise training on human skeletal muscle citrate synthase maximal activity: single versus multiple bouts per session

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1391-1394
Author(s):  
Martin J. MacInnis ◽  
Lauren E. Skelly ◽  
F. Elizabeth Godkin ◽  
Brian J. Martin ◽  
Thomas R. Tripp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

The legs of 9 men (age 21 ± 2 years, 45 ± 4 mL/(kg·min)) were randomly assigned to complete 6 sessions of high-intensity exercise training, involving either one or four 5-min bouts of counterweighted, single-leg cycling. Needle biopsies from vastus lateralis revealed that citrate synthase maximal activity increased after training in the 4-bout group (p = 0.035) but not the 1-bout group (p = 0.10), with a significant difference between groups post-training (13%, p = 0.021). Novelty Short-term training using brief intense exercise requires multiple bouts per session to increase mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle.

Determinants for outcome of hypoplastic right ventricle with duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow presenting in the neonatal period

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Rigby ◽  
Micelia Salgado ◽  
Celia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Pulmonary Atresia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Valvar Stenosis

SummaryA retrospective study was undertaken of patients with hypoplastic right ventricles, either with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum or critical pulmonary valvar stenosis, and duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow who were investigated at the Royal Brompton Hospital between January 1976 and December 1990. The diagnosis was made on the basis of at least one diagnostic method (cross-sectional echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and angiography, or autopsy). Of the patients, 56 (82%) were found to have an imperforate pulmonary valve or infundibulum (pulmonary atresia), while 12(18%) had critical pulmonary valvar stenosis. The ratio of the diameters of the tricuspid and mitral valvar orifices was measured angiographically during diastole, and the right ventricle was analyzed according to the presence or overgrowth of the inlet, apical trabecular and outlet components. A correlation was made between the severity of the disease and the outcome. The overall mortality was 53% when those not undergoing any surgery were excluded, and significant differences were found between the group dying and those who survived. The incremental risk factors for death were a ratio between the diameter of the tricuspid and mitral valves of less than 0.6; the presence of fistulous communications with the coronary arteries; and obliteration of the apical trabecular component of the right ventricle. There was no significant difference between the group with pulmonary valvar atresia and the group with critical stenosis of the pulmonary valve.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderate- Versus High-Intensity Exercise Training on Physical Fitness and Physical Function in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1720-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Taylor ◽  
James P. Fletcher ◽  
Ruth Ann Mathis ◽  
W. Todd Cade
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
High Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Intensity Training

Background Exercise training is effective for improving physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes. However, limited research has been conducted on the optimal exercise training intensity for this population. Objective The primary study objective was to investigate the effects of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise training on physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes. Design This was a randomized clinical trial. Setting The setting was a university campus. Participants Twenty-one people with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity training (MOD group) or high-intensity training (HIGH group). Intervention The MOD group performed resistance training at an intensity of 75% of the 8-repetition maximum (8-RM) and aerobic training at an intensity of 30% to 45% of the heart rate reserve (HRR). The HIGH group performed resistance training at an intensity of 100% of the 8-RM and aerobic training at an intensity of 50% to 65% of the HRR. Measurements Muscle strength (peak torque [newton-meters]), exercise capacity (graded exercise test duration [minutes]), and physical function (Patient-Specific Functional Scale questionnaire) were measured at baseline and 3 months later. Acute exercise-induced changes in glucose levels were assessed immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 hour after exercise during the first exercise training session. Results Although both groups showed improvements in physical fitness and physical function, the between-group effect sizes were not statistically significant (exercise capacity estimated marginal mean [EMM] difference=2.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=−0.2, 4.5; muscle strength EMM difference=20.8, 95% CI=−23.3, 65.0; and physical function EMM difference=0.1, 95% CI=−0.6, 0.9). Mean percent changes in glucose levels measured immediately before exercise and immediately after exercise, immediately after exercise and 1 hour after exercise, and immediately before exercise and 1 hour after exercise for the MOD group were −11.4%, −5.0%, and −15.8%, respectively; those for the HIGH group were −21.5%, 7.9%, and −15.3%, respectively. Limitations Sample size, lack of outcome assessor masking, and physical function measurement subjectivity were limitations. Conclusions Moderate- and high-intensity exercise training, as defined in this study, may lead to similar improvements in physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Necrotizing Infection of the Aortic Arch: Reconstruction Utilizing Unusual Extra-anatomic Bypass Grafts to Reroute Cerebral Blood Flow

Aorta ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (05) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Hemli ◽  
Byron D. Patton ◽  
S. Jacob Scheinerman ◽  
Derek R. Brinster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Bypass Grafts ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Aortic Arch Reconstruction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Arch Reconstruction

AbstractDestructive infections of the aortic arch and great vessels are challenging to manage. We describe a novel technique for debranching the right cerebral and upper extremity arteries via composite extra-anatomic bypasses from the femoral artery, with subsequent homograft in-line reconstruction of the arch, in a patient with Staphylococcus sepsis and necrosis of the arch and great vessels.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Posttranscatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Vascular Complications in Real Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anthony Matta ◽  
Ronan Canitrot ◽  
Vanessa Nader ◽  
Frederic Bouisset ◽  
Thibault Lhermusier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Access Site ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Valve Implantation

Background. Vascular complications (VCs) are commonly observed after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures. Closure devices for the access site were developed to reduce their incidence. We aim to evaluate the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of the occurrence of post-TAVI VCs. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 1336 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI at the University Hospital of Toulouse, France, between January 2016 and March 2020. All included procedures were performed through the common femoral artery, and ProGlide® was the used closure device. The studied population was divided into two groups depending on the occurrence of VCs defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. Results. The mean age of the studied population was 84.4 ± 6.9, and 48% were male. 90% of TAVI interventions were performed through the right femoral artery. The prevalence of VCs was 18.8%, and 3.7% were major. Prolonged procedure duration was an independent predictor of VCs. Using the right access site and smaller introducer size (14 Fr) were preventive factors. No significant difference in mortality rate was detected between the two groups. Conclusion. This study showed a low prevalence for post-TAVI VCs, especially for the major type. An increase in bleeding events and prolonged cardiac care unit stay were the common adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Supplementation During Endurance Training in Hypertensive Men: Effect on Catalase, Nitric Oxide and Blood Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailin Alishahi ◽  
Kamal Azizbeigi ◽  
Khalid Mohammadzadeh Salamat ◽  
Mozafar Yektayar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Continuous Running

Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the influence of consuming ascorbic acid during high -intensity endurance training on catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive male. Methods: 36 hypertensive male voluntary participated in the present study and randomly assigned into endurance training-ascorbic acid (HTC; n = 9), endurance training-placebo (HTP; n = 9), ascorbic acid (AA; n = 9) and control (n = 9). The exercise protocol was including continuous running exercise training with gradually increasing of duration and intensity, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. The supplement groups consumed daily 500 mg of ascorbic acid, and the placebo group consumed the same amount of maltodextrin. Fasting blood samples was gathered before the beginning exercise protocol and one day after last session for analyzing CAT and NO. Results: Results showed that activity of CAT and NO concentration were significantly increased only in the HTC and HTP (P ≤ 0.05). Also, in the HTP and HTC, a significant decrease observed in the systolic and diastolic (P ≤ 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between HTC and HTP in SBP and DBP (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Finally, we concluded that, continuous running exercise training has positive effect on the catalase and oxide nitric activity, and can improve blood pressure in the hypertensive men. Anyway, combined the high -intensity aerobic training with ascorbic acid may have not more efficacy.

scholarly journals Differences in Femoral Artery Occlusion Pressure between Sexes and Dominant and Non-Dominant Legs

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Tafuna’i ◽  
Iain Hunter ◽  
Aaron W. Johnson ◽  
Gilbert W. Fellingham ◽  
Pat R. Vehrs
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arterial Occlusion Pressure

Background and Objectives: Blood flow restriction during low-load exercise stimulates similar muscle adaptations to those normally observed with higher loads. Differences in the arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) between limbs and between sexes are unclear. We compared the AOP of the superficial femoral artery in the dominant and non-dominant legs, and the relationship between blood flow and occlusion pressure in 35 (16 males, 19 females) young adults. Materials and Methods: Using ultrasound, we measured the AOP of the superficial femoral artery in both legs. Blood flow at occlusion pressures ranging from 0% to 100% of the AOP was measured in the dominant leg. Results: There was a significant difference in the AOP between males and females in the dominant (230 ± 41 vs. 191 ± 27 mmHg; p = 0.002) and non-dominant (209 ± 37 vs. 178 ± 21 mmHg; p = 0.004) legs, and between the dominant and non-dominant legs in males (230 ± 41 vs. 209 ± 37 mmHg; p = 0.009) but not females (191 ± 27 vs. 178 ± 21 mmHg; p = 0.053), respectively. Leg circumference was the most influential independent predictor of the AOP. There was a linear relationship between blood flow (expressed as a percentage of unoccluded blood flow) and occlusion pressure (expressed as a percentage of AOP). Conclusions: Arterial occlusion pressure is not always greater in the dominant leg or the larger leg. Practitioners should measure AOP in both limbs to determine if occlusion pressures used during exercise should be limb specific. Occlusion pressures used during blood flow restriction exercise should be chosen carefully.

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