Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony in coronary artery disease with preserved ejection fraction

The present study aims to evaluate LV (left ventricular) mechanical dyssynchrony in CAD (coronary artery disease) with preserved and depressed EF (ejection fraction). Echocardiography with TDI (tissue Doppler imaging) was performed in 311 consecutive CAD patients (94 had preserved EF ≥50% and 217 had depressed EF <50%) and 117 healthy subjects to determine LV systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony by measuring Ts-SD (S.D. of time to peak myocardial systolic velocity during the ejection period) and Te-SD (S.D. of time to peak myocardial early diastolic velocity during the filling period) respectively, using a six-basal/six-mid-segmental model. In CAD patients with preserved EF, both Ts-SD (32.2±17.3 compared with 17.7±8.6 ms; P<0.05) and Te-SD (26.2±13.6 compared with 20.3±8.1 ms; P<0.05) were significantly prolonged when compared with controls, although they were less prolonged than CAD patients with depressed EF (Ts-SD, 37.8±16.5 ms; and Te-SD, 36.0±23.9 ms; both P<0.005). Patients with preserved EF who had no prior MI (myocardial infarction) had Ts-SD (32.9±17.5 ms) and Te-SD (28.6±14.8 ms) prolonged to a similar extent (P=not significant) to those with prior MI (Ts-SD, 28.4±16.8 ms; and Te-SD, 25.5±15.0 ms). Patients with class III/IV angina or multi-vessel disease were associated with more severe mechanical dyssynchrony (P<0.05). Furthermore, the majority of patients with mechanical dyssynchrony had narrow QRS complexes in those with preserved EF. This is in contrast with patients with depressed EF in whom systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony were more commonly associated with wide QRS complexes. In conclusion, LV mechanical dyssynchrony is evident in CAD patients with preserved EF, although it was less prevalent than those with depressed EF. In addition, mechanical dyssynchrony occurred in CAD patients without prior MI and narrow QRS complexes.