Vascular progenitor cells and translational research: the role of endothelial and smooth muscle progenitor cells in endogenous arterial remodelling in the adult

2009 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Sirker ◽  
Zoe M. J. Astroulakis ◽  
Jonathan M. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Vascular Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cell ◽  
Endogenous Precursor ◽  
Muscle Progenitor Cell

There has been much recent research into the therapeutic use of stem and progenitor cells for various diseases. Alongside this, there has also been considerable interest in the normal roles that endogenous precursor cells may play in both physiological and pathological settings. In the present review, we focus on two types of progenitor cell which are of potential relevance to vascular homoeostasis, namely the EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) and the smooth muscle progenitor cell. We discuss evidence for their existence and sources in adults, and the various techniques currently used to identify these cells. We examine data obtained from studies using different methods of progenitor identification and relate these to each other, in order to provide a framework in which to interpret the literature in this area. We review evidence for the influence of these vascular progenitor cells upon vascular function and the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Activation of heme oxygenase-1 by Ginkgo biloba extract differentially modulates endothelial and smooth muscle-like progenitor cells for vascular repair

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao-Cheng Wu ◽  
Jia-Shiong Chen ◽  
Chao-Hung Wang ◽  
Po-Hsun Huang ◽  
Feng-Yen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Vascular Repair ◽  
Vascular Progenitor Cells

AbstractVascular progenitors such as endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and smooth muscle-like progenitor cells (SMPCs) may play different roles in vascular repair. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an exogenous activator of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, which has been suggested to improve vascular repair; however, the detailed mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether GBE can modulate different vascular progenitor cells by activating HO-1 for vascular repair. A bone marrow transplantation mouse model was used to evaluate the in vivo effects of GBE treatment on wire-injury induced neointimal hyperplasia, which is representative of impaired vascular repair. On day 14 of GBE treatment, the mice were subjected to wire injury of the femoral artery to identify vascular reendothelialization. Compared to the mice without treatment, neointimal hyperplasia was reduced in the mice that received GBE treatment for 28 days in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GBE treatment increased bone marrow-derived EPCs, accelerated endothelial recovery, and reduced the number of SMPCs attached to vascular injury sites. The effects of GBE treatment on neointimal hyperplasia could be abolished by co-treatment with zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, suggesting the in vivo role of HO-1. In this in vitro study, treatment with GBE activated human early and late EPCs and suppressed SMPC migration. These effects were abolished by HO-1 siRNA and an HO-1 inhibitor. Furthermore, GBE induced the expression of HO-1 by activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in human late EPCs and via p38 pathways in SMPCs, suggesting that GBE can induce HO-1 in vitro through different molecular mechanisms in different vascular progenitor cells. Accordingly, GBE could activate early and late EPCs, suppress the migration of SMPCs, and improve in vivo vascular repair after mechanical injury by activating HO-1, suggesting the potential role of pharmacological HO-1 activators, such as GBE, for vascular protection in atherosclerotic diseases.

scholarly journals Vascular Wall-Resident Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature within the Process of Vascular Remodeling: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Klein
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Progenitor Cells ◽  
Subendothelial Space ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Until some years ago, the bone marrow and the endothelial cell compartment lining the vessel lumen (subendothelial space) were thought to be the only sources providing vascular progenitor cells. Now, the vessel wall, in particular, the vascular adventitia, has been established as a niche for different types of stem and progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into both vascular and nonvascular cells. Herein, vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal nature (VW-MPSCs) have gained importance because of their large range of differentiation in combination with their distribution throughout the postnatal organism which is related to their existence in the adventitial niche, respectively. In general, mesenchymal stem cells, also designated as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity by their ability to replace defunct cells or secrete cytokines locally and thus support repair and healing processes of the affected tissues. This review will focus on the central role of VW-MPSCs within vascular reconstructing processes (vascular remodeling) which are absolute prerequisite to preserve the sensitive relationship between resilience and stability of the vessel wall. Further, a particular advantage for the therapeutic application of VW-MPSCs for improving vascular function or preventing vascular damage will be discussed.

scholarly journals Levels of mesenchymal FGFR2 signaling modulate smooth muscle progenitor cell commitment in the lung

2006 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn P. De Langhe ◽  
Gianni Carraro ◽  
David Warburton ◽  
Mohammad K. Hajihosseini ◽  
Saverio Bellusci
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cell ◽  
Cell Commitment ◽  
Muscle Progenitor Cell

scholarly journals Elevated Mcl-1 perturbs lymphopoiesis, promotes transformation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and enhances drug resistance

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 3197-3207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsteen J. Campbell ◽  
Mary L. Bath ◽  
Marian L. Turner ◽  
Cassandra J. Vandenberg ◽  
Philippe Bouillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Fetal Liver Cells ◽  
Follicular Lymphomas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Diverse human cancers with poor prognosis, including many lymphoid and myeloid malignancies, exhibit high levels of Mcl-1. To explore the impact of Mcl-1 overexpression on the hematopoietic compartment, we have generated vavP-Mcl-1 transgenic mice. Their lymphoid and myeloid cells displayed increased resistance to a variety of cytotoxic agents. Myelopoiesis was relatively normal, but lymphopoiesis was clearly perturbed, with excess mature B and T cells accumulating. Rather than the follicular lymphomas typical of vavP-BCL-2 mice, aging vavP-Mcl-1 mice were primarily susceptible to lymphomas having the phenotype of a stem/progenitor cell (11 of 30 tumors) or pre-B cell (12 of 30 tumors). Mcl-1 overexpression dramatically accelerated Myc-driven lymphomagenesis. Most vavP-Mcl-1/ Eμ-Myc mice died around birth, and transplantation of blood from bitransgenic E18 embryos into unirradiated mice resulted in stem/progenitor cell tumors. Furthermore, lethally irradiated mice transplanted with E13 fetal liver cells from Mcl-1/Myc bitransgenic mice uniformly died of stem/progenitor cell tumors. When treated in vivo with cyclophosphamide, tumors coexpressing Mcl-1 and Myc transgenes were significantly more resistant than conventional Eμ-Myc lymphomas. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Mcl-1 overexpression renders hematopoietic cells refractory to many cytotoxic insults, perturbs lymphopoiesis and promotes malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

scholarly journals The Role of Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate in the Vascular System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsumoto ◽  
Rita C. Tostes ◽  
R. Clinton Webb
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vascular System

The endothelium plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, and endothelial dysfunction is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases, such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Recently, uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) has been identified as a novel and potent endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF). Up4A structurally contains both purine and pyrimidine moieties, which activate purinergic receptors. There is an accumulating body of evidence to show that Up4A modulates vascular function by actions on endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In this paper, we discuss the effects of Up4A on vascular function and a potential role for Up4A in cardiovascular diseases.

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