Improved insulin sensitivity after a single bout of exercise is curvilinearly related to exercise energy expenditure

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faidon Magkos ◽  
Yannis Tsekouras ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras ◽  
Bettina Mittendorfer ◽  
Labros S. Sidossis
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Exercise Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Induced

A single bout of moderate-intensity exercise increases whole-body insulin sensitivity for 12–48 h post-exercise; however, the relationship between exercise energy expenditure and the improvement in insulin sensitivity is not known. We hypothesized that the exercise-induced increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity, assessed with HOMAIR (homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), is directly related to the energy expended during exercise. We studied 30 recreationally active non-obese men (age, 27±5 years; body mass index, 24±2 kg/m2) in the post-absorptive state on two separate occasions: once after exercising at 60% of V̇O22peak (peak oxygen consumption) for 30–120 min on the preceding afternoon (expending a total of 1.28–5.76 MJ) and once after an equivalent period of rest. Blood samples were obtained the following morning. Exercise-induced changes in HOMAIR were curvilinearly related to exercise energy expenditure (r=−0.666, P=0.001) with a threshold of approx. 3.77 MJ (900 kcal) for improvements in HOMAIR to be manifested. In particular, HOMAIR was reduced by 32±24% (P=0.003) in subjects who expended more than 3.77 MJ during exercise, but did not change for those who expended fewer than 3.77 MJ (−2±21%; P=0.301). Furthermore, the magnitude of change in HOMAIR after exercise was directly associated with baseline (i.e. resting) HOMAIR (r=−0.508, P=0.004); this relationship persisted in multivariate analysis. We conclude that improved whole-body insulin resistance after a single bout of exercise is curvilinearly related to exercise energy expenditure, and requires unfeasible amounts of exercise for most sedentary individuals.

Analysis of candidate genes in Polish families with obesity

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Malczewska-Malec ◽  
Iwona Wybranska ◽  
Iwona Leszczynska-Golabek ◽  
Lukasz Partyka ◽  
Jadwiga Hartwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationship between risk factors related to overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, lipid tolerance, hypertension, endothelial function and genetic polymorphisms associated with: i) appetite regulation (leptin, melanocortin-3-receptor (MCR-3), dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)); ii) adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γThe 122 members of 40 obese Caucasian families from southern Poland participated in the study. The genotypes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) or by direct sequencing. Phenotypes related to obesity (body mass index (BMI), fat/lean body mass composition, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), fasting lipids, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (4 points within 2 hours) and during oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) (5 points within 8 hours) were assessed. The insulin sensitivity indexes: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whole body insulin sensitivity index, hepatic insulin sensitivity and early secretory response to an oral glucose load (HOMA-IR, ISI-COMP, ISI-HOMA and DELTA) were calculated.The single gene mutations such as CWe conclude that the polymorphisms we investigated were weakly correlated with obesity but significantly modified the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Short-term interval training alters brain glucose metabolism in subjects with insulin resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1828-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna M Honkala ◽  
Jarkko Johansson ◽  
Kumail K Motiani ◽  
Jari-Joonas Eskelinen ◽  
Kirsi A Virtanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Brain insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) is increased in obese and insulin resistant subjects but normalizes after weight loss along with improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to study whether short-term exercise training (moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) or sprint interval training (SIT)) alters substrates for brain energy metabolism in insulin resistance. Sedentary subjects ( n = 21, BMI 23.7–34.3 kg/m2, age 43–55 y) with insulin resistance were randomized into MICT ( n = 11, intensity≥60% of VO2peak) or SIT ( n = 10, all-out) groups for a two-week training intervention. Brain GU during insulin stimulation and fasting brain free fatty acid uptake (FAU) was measured using PET. At baseline, brain GU was positively associated with the fasting insulin level and negatively with the whole-body insulin sensitivity. The whole-body insulin sensitivity improved with both training modes (20%, p = 0.007), while only SIT led to an increase in aerobic capacity (5%, p = 0.03). SIT also reduced insulin-stimulated brain GU both in global cortical grey matter uptake (12%, p = 0.03) and in specific regions ( p < 0.05, all areas except the occipital cortex), whereas no changes were observed after MICT. Brain FAU remained unchanged after the training in both groups. These findings show that short-term SIT effectively decreases insulin-stimulated brain GU in sedentary subjects with insulin resistance.

scholarly journals PSVIII-40 Late-Breaking Abstract: Variability in body composition is associated with insulin sensitivity in growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
Hector H Salgado ◽  
Aline Remus ◽  
Marie-Pierre Letourneau-Montminy ◽  
Candido Pomar
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

Abstract Growing pigs’ body composition variation can be associated with differences in insulin sensitivity given the insulin anabolic effect on protein and lipid synthesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate this association by relating the individual insulin response to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the body composition of growing pigs. Thirty 95 kg jugular vein catheterized pigs received an oral dose of 1.75 g of glucose/kg of BW after 18 hours of fasting. Blood samples were collected at -20, -10, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300 and 360 min following glucose ingestion. Insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated and analyzed. Body lipids (LB, %) and protein (PB, %) composition were estimated by dual X-ray densitometry. Association between body composition and insulin sensitivity were studied by using partial least squares and correlations. Average LB and PB were 19.7% (CV = 7.6 %) and 16.2% (CV = 2.2%), respectively. Basal insulin blood concentration and area-under-the-curve (AUC) CV (51.9 % and 26.9 %, respectively) were larger than those for basal glucose and AUC (5.52 and 5.48 %, respectively). Additionally, insulin sensitivity (%S), steady-state beta cell function (%B), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) estimated with the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA 2) and whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were highly variable between pigs which CV ranged from 30.1 % to 54.5 %. These results can indicate an early stage of insulin resistance in an important part of the studied pig population. LB and PB were affected by insulin sensitivity indexes (P &lt; 0.05) which accounted, respectively, for 48% and 44% of the observed variation. In conclusion, lower insulin sensitivity was associated with higher body fat in growing pigs raised under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Correlation between Insulin Resistance and LVEF in non Diabetic Chronic Heart Failure Patients admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Md Azharul Islam ◽  
Manzoor Mahmood ◽  
Khurshed Ahmed ◽  
Sajal Krishna Banerjee ◽  
Syed Ali Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Study Results

Background: Insulin resistance is a well-established composite index of systemic inflammatory and metabolic disorders. A wide variety of methods like, HOMA-IR (Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance), FGIR (Fasting glucose insulin ratio), ISI-Composite (an index of whole body insulin sensitivity), QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) etc are available for assessing IR. Objective: To find out the correlation between insulin resistance and LVEF in non diabetic chronic heart failure patients. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka from February, 2019 to June, 2020. Patients admitted with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were included in this study. Patients with diabetic, prediabetic and patient who did not give written informed consent were excluded in this study. Results: LVEF 25-29% was 16 patients out of which 10(66.7%) had significant insulin resistance. LVEF 30- 34% was found in 28 patients, among them 16(41.0%) had no insulin resistance. LVEF 35-39% was found in 19 patients out of which 18(46.2%) had no insulin resistance. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). A negative correlation (r=-0.340; p=0.006) was found between insulin resistance and LVEF. Conclusion: Majority non diabetic chronic heart failure patients had no insulin resistance. Significant negative correlation was found between insulin resistance and LVEF. University Heart Journal Vol. 17, No. 2, Jul 2021; 99-102

Effect of exercise duration on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in men with metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Q. Zhang ◽  
Lisa L. Ji ◽  
Donovan L. Fogt ◽  
Vicki S. Fretwell
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fat Meal

We examined the effect of exercise on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia (PHTG) and insulin resistance in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Subjects were 10 hypertriglyceridemic men with insulin resistance [age = 35.0 ± 1.8 yr, body weight = 90.7 ± 3.3 kg, fasting triglyceride (TG) = 2.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak) = 36.0 ± 1.3 ml−1·kg−1·min−1, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)= 3.1 ± 0.3]. Each participant performed a control trial (Ctr; no exercise) and three exercise trials at 60% of their V̇o2peak for 30 min (30 min-Ex), 45 min (45 min-Ex) and 60 min (60 min-Ex). All subjects had a fat meal in each trial. In the exercise trials, the subject jogged on a treadmill for a designated duration of 12 h before ingestion of a fat meal. Blood samples were taken at 0 h (before the meal) and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after the meal. The plasma TG, area score under TG concentration curve over an 8-h period (TG AUC) after the meal, and HOMA-IR were analyzed. The TG AUC scores in both the 45 min-Ex and 60 min-Ex were 31 and 33% lower, respectively, than Ctr ( P < 0.02). There were no significant differences in TG AUC scores between the 30 min-Ex and the Ctr ( P > 0.05). There were no trial differences in the fasting plasma glucose concentration ( P > 0.05). HOMA-IR values in the 30 min-Ex, 45 min-Ex, and 60 min-Ex trials were lower than the Ctr ( P < 0.03), but no significant differences were found in HOMA-IR among the exercise trials. The results suggest that for physically inactive individuals with metabolic syndrome, exercising at moderate intensity for 45 min effectively attenuates PHTG while exercise for 30 min is sufficient to improve insulin action.

Exercise-Induced Weight Loss Is More Effective Than Dieting for Improving Adipokine Profile, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Obese Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Khoo ◽  
Subbiah Dhamodaran ◽  
Dan-Dan Chen ◽  
Siew-Yoon Yap ◽  
Richard Yuan-Tud Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Exercise Induced

The adipokines chemerin and adiponectin are reciprocally related in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and inflammation in obesity. Weight loss increases adiponectin and reduces chemerin, insulin resistance, and inflammation, but the effects of caloric restriction and physical activity are difficult to separate in combined lifestyle modification. We compared effects of diet- or exercise-induced weight loss on chemerin, adiponectin, insulin resistance, and inflammation in obese men. Eighty abdominally obese Asian men (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2, waist circumference [WC] ≥ 90 cm, mean age 42.6 years) were randomized to reduce daily intake by ~500 kilocalories (n = 40) or perform moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise (200–300 min/week) (n = 40) to increase energy expenditure by a similar amount for 24 weeks. The diet and exercise groups had similar decreases in energy deficit (−456 ± 338 vs. −455 ± 315 kcal/day), weight (−3.6 ± 3.4 vs. −3.3 ± 4.6 kg), and WC (−3.4 ± 4.4 vs. −3.6 ± 3.2 cm). The exercise group demonstrated greater reductions in fat mass (−3.9 ± 3.5 vs. −2.7 ± 5.3 kg), serum chemerin (−9.7 ± 11.1 vs. −4.3 ± 12.4 ng/ml), the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−2.11 ± 3.13 vs. −1.49 ± 3.08 mg/L), and insulin resistance as measured by homeostatic model assessment (−2.45 ± 1.88 vs. −1.38 ± 3.77). Serum adiponectin increased only in the exercise group. Exercise-induced fat mass loss was more effective than dieting for improving adipokine profile, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation in obese men, underscoring metabolic benefits of increased physical activity.

scholarly journals Modification and Validation of the Triglyceride-to–HDL Cholesterol Ratio as a Surrogate of Insulin Sensitivity in White Juveniles and Adults without Diabetes Mellitus: The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1211-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Paulmichl ◽  
Mensud Hatunic ◽  
Kurt Højlund ◽  
Aleksandra Jotic ◽  
Michael Krebs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Sensitivity Indices

Abstract BACKGROUND The triglyceride-to–HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio was introduced as a tool to estimate insulin resistance, because circulating lipid measurements are available in routine settings. Insulin, C-peptide, and free fatty acids are components of other insulin-sensitivity indices but their measurement is expensive. Easier and more affordable tools are of interest for both pediatric and adult patients. METHODS Study participants from the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease [43.9 (8.3) years, n = 1260] as well as the Beta-Cell Function in Juvenile Diabetes and Obesity study cohorts [15 (1.9) years, n = 29] underwent oral-glucose-tolerance tests and euglycemic clamp tests for estimation of whole-body insulin sensitivity and calculation of insulin sensitivity indices. To refine the TG/HDL ratio, mathematical modeling was applied including body mass index (BMI), fasting TG, and HDL cholesterol and compared to the clamp-derived M-value as an estimate of insulin sensitivity. Each modeling result was scored by identifying insulin resistance and correlation coefficient. The Single Point Insulin Sensitivity Estimator (SPISE) was compared to traditional insulin sensitivity indices using area under the ROC curve (aROC) analysis and χ2 test. RESULTS The novel formula for SPISE was computed as follows: SPISE = 600 × HDL-C0.185/(TG0.2 × BMI1.338), with fasting HDL-C (mg/dL), fasting TG concentrations (mg/dL), and BMI (kg/m2). A cutoff value of 6.61 corresponds to an M-value smaller than 4.7 mg · kg−1 · min−1 (aROC, M:0.797). SPISE showed a significantly better aROC than the TG/HDL-C ratio. SPISE aROC was comparable to the Matsuda ISI (insulin sensitivity index) and equal to the QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance) when calculated with M-values. CONCLUSIONS The SPISE seems well suited to surrogate whole-body insulin sensitivity from inexpensive fasting single-point blood draw and BMI in white adolescents and adults.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance Induced by Maximal Exercise Correlates With a Post-Exercise Increase in Uridine Concentration in the Blood of Healthy Young Men

2013 ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DUDZINSKA ◽  
A. LUBKOWSKA ◽  
K. JAKUBOWSKA ◽  
M. SUSKA ◽  
E. SKOTNICKA
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact

Uridine is postulated to participate in the development of insulin resistance. Since exercise is an effective tool in the treatment of insulin resistance it appeared justified to assess the impact of maximal exercise on plasma uridine and insulin sensitivity indices (e.g. insulin and HOMA-IR) in healthy subjects. The study included forty-four healthy males (18.5±2.92 years, VO2max 50.2±6.26 ml kg-1 min-1). Subjects performed a single maximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken three times: immediately before exercise, immediately after exercise and at the 30th min of rest. Uridine concentrations were determined in the whole blood using high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum insulin levels were measured by a specific ELISA method. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). A maximal exercise-induced increase in the concentration of uridine correlated with post-exercise increases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR. Our results indicate a relationship between the concentration of uridine in the blood and indicators of insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. We are the first to demonstrate that a maximal exercise-induced increase in the concentration of uridine is correlated with post-exercise increases in insulin levels and HOMA-IR in healthy subjects. It appears that uridine may be an indicator of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals A Chinese Herbal Decoction, Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang, Prepared from Radix Astragali and RadixAngelicae sinensis, Ameliorates Insulin Resistance Induced by A High-Fructose Diet in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Min Liu ◽  
Thing-Fong Tzeng ◽  
Shorong-Shii Liou
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Radix Astragali

Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (DBT), a Chinese medicinal decoction contains RadixAngelicae sinensis(Danggui) and Radix Astragali (Huangqi) at a ratio of 1 : 5, is used commonly for treating women's ailments. This study was conducted to explore the effects of this preparation on insulin resistance in rats fed with 6-week diet containing 60% fructose. Similar to the action of rosiglitazone (4 mg kg-1per day by an oral administration), repeated oral administration of DBT (2.5 g kg-1per day) for 14 days was found to significantly alleviate the hyperglycemia but made no influence on plasma lipid profiles nor weight gain in fructose chow-fed rats. Also, the higher degree of insulin resistance as measured by homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance in fructose chow-fed rats was significantly decreased by repeated DBT treatment. DBT displays the characteristic of rosiglitazone by increasing the whole-body insulin sensitivity in fructose chow-fed rats after 2-week treatment, as evidenced by the marked elevation of composite whole-body insulin sensitivity index during the oral glucose tolerance test. DBT improves insulin sensitivity through increased post-receptor insulin signaling mediated by enhancements in insulin receptor substrate-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase step and glucose transporter subtype 4 translocation in soleus muscles of animals exhibiting insulin resistance. DBT is therefore proposed as potentially useful adjuvant therapy for patients with insulin resistance and/or the patients who wish to increase insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Exercise of low energy expenditure along with mild energy intake restriction acutely reduces fasting and postprandial triacylglycerolaemia in young women

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Maraki ◽  
Nektarios Christodoulou ◽  
Niki Aggelopoulou ◽  
Faidon Magkos ◽  
Katerina P. Skenderi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Single Bout

A single bout of prolonged, moderate-intensity endurance exercise lowers fasting and postprandial TAG concentrations the next day. However, the TAG-lowering effect of exercise is dose-dependent and does not manifest after light exercise of low energy cost ( < 2 MJ). We aimed to investigate whether superimposing mild energy intake restriction to such exercise, in order to augment total energy deficit, potentiates the hypotriacylglycerolaemic effect. Eight healthy, sedentary, premenopausal women (age 27·1 (sem1·3) years; BMI 21·8 (sem0·9) kg/m2) performed two oral fat tolerance tests in the morning on two different occasions: once after a single bout of light exercise (100 min at 30 % of peak oxygen consumption; net energy expenditure 1·04 (sem0·01) MJ) coupled with mild energy intake restriction (1·39 (sem0·22) MJ) on the preceding day, and once after resting coupled with isoenergetic feeding on the preceding day (control). Fasting plasma TAG, TAG in the TAG-rich lipoproteins (TRL-TAG) and serum insulin concentrations were 18, 34 and 30 % lower, respectively, after exercise plus diet compared with the control trial (P < 0·05). Postprandial concentrations of plasma TAG and TRL-TAG were 19 and 27 % lower after exercise plus diet compared with the control condition (P < 0·01), whereas postprandial insulin concentrations were not different. It is concluded that a combination of light exercise along with mild hypoenergetic diet may be a practical and feasible intervention to attenuate fasting and postprandial triacylglycerolaemia, especially for people who cannot exercise for prolonged periods of time at moderate-to-high intensities, such as many sedentary individuals.

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