Fatty liver is an integral feature of familial combined hyperlipidaemia: relationship with fat distribution and plasma lipids

2006 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn C. G. J. Brouwers ◽  
Monique A. L. Bilderbeek-Beckers ◽  
Anna M. Georgieva ◽  
Carla J. H. van der Kallen ◽  
Marleen M. J. van Greevenbroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Representative Subset ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adiposity ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Overproduction of VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) particles is an important cause of FCHL (familial combined hyperlipidaemia). It has been shown recently that VLDL production is driven by the amount of hepatic fat. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fatty liver in relation to the different fat compartments and lipid parameters in FCHL. A total of 68 FCHL patients, 110 normolipidaemic relatives and 66 spouses underwent ultrasound of the abdominal region to estimate the amount of subcutaneous, visceral and hepatic fat. Skinfold callipers were used to measure subcutaneous fat of the biceps, triceps, subscapular and supra-iliacal regions. Fatty liver was observed in 18% of the spouses, 25% of the normolipidaemic relatives and 49% of the FCHL patients. After adjustment for age, gender and body mass index, the prevalence of fatty liver was significantly higher in FCHL patients compared with spouses [OR (odds ratio), 3.1; P=0.03], and also in the normolipidaemic relatives compared with spouses (OR, 4.0; P=0.02), whereas no differences were observed between FCHL patients and normolipidaemic relatives (OR, 0.8; P=0.58). In the normolipidaemic relatives and FCHL patients combined, both visceral fat mass and subcutaneous abdominal fat were independent predictors of fatty liver (P<0.001 for both fat compartments; FCHL status corrected). Of interest, fatty liver stages were correlated with both VLDL-apoB (apolipoprotein B) and VLDL-triacylglycerols (triglycerides) in a representative subset (n=69) of patients and relatives (r2=0.12, P=0.006; and r2=0.18, P=0.001 respectively). These results show that fatty liver is a central aspect of FCHL, i.e. patients and normolipidaemic relatives. Both visceral and subcutaneous adiposity contribute to its 3–4-fold higher risk in FCHL.

scholarly journals Low-arginine and low-protein diets induce hepatic lipid accumulation through different mechanisms in growing rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Otani ◽  
Hiroki Nishi ◽  
Ayaka Koyama ◽  
Yuta Akasaka ◽  
Yusuke Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Amino Acid Diet

Abstract Background Dietary protein deficiency and amino acid imbalance cause hepatic fat accumulation. We previously demonstrated that only arginine deficiency or total amino acid deficiency in a diet caused significant hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in young Wistar rats. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of fatty liver formation in these models.Dietary protein deficiency and amino acid imbalance cause hepatic fat accumulation. We previously demonstrated that only arginine deficiency or total amino acid deficiency in a diet caused significant hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in young Wistar rats. In this study, we explored the mechanisms of fatty liver formation in these models. Methods We fed 6-week-old male Wistar rats a control diet (containing an amino acid mixture equivalent to 15% protein), a low-total-amino acid diet (equivalent to 5% protein; 5PAA), and a low-arginine diet (only the arginine content is as low as that of the 5PAA diet) for 2 weeks. Results Much greater hepatic TG accumulation was observed in the low-arginine group than in the low-total-amino acid group. The lipid consumption rate and fatty acid uptake in the liver did not significantly differ between the groups. In contrast, the low-total-amino acid diet potentiated insulin sensitivity and related signaling in the liver and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. The low-arginine diet also inhibited hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein secretion without affecting hepatic insulin signaling and lipogenesis. Conclusions : Although the arginine content of the low-arginine diet was as low as that of the low-total-amino acid diet, the two diets caused fatty liver via completely different mechanisms. Enhanced lipogenesis was the primary cause of a low-protein diet-induced fatty liver, whereas lower very-low-density lipoprotein secretion caused low-arginine diet-induced fatty liver.

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acid in Patients with Atherosclerosis: Effects on Platelet Aggregation, Plasma Lipids and Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Inhibition of Prostacyclin Generation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Szczeklik ◽  
R J Gryglewski ◽  
K Sladek ◽  
E Kostka-Trąbka ◽  
A Żmuda
Keyword(s):  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects

SummaryDihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHLA), a precursor of monoenoic anti-aggregatory prostaglandins (PGE1, PGD2), was administered for 4 weeks in a daily dose of 1.0 g into 33 patients with atherosclerosis on a basis of a double-blind trial. Comparison of treatment and placebo groups revealed elevation of DHLA in red cell lipids in DHLA-treated subjects. No differences, however, between the two groups could be observed in platelet aggregability, thromboxane A2 generation by platelets, serum cholesterol, PGE1 and PGE2 levels, and in inhibitory activity of low-density lipoproteins against prostacyclin synthetizing system in arteries. The dietary supplementation used did not lead to distinct antithrombotic effects.

scholarly journals Very low-density lipoprotein receptor increases in a liver-specific manner due to protein deficiency but does not affect fatty liver in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Oshio ◽  
Yuta Hattori ◽  
Hatsuho Kamata ◽  
Yori Ozaki-Masuzawa ◽  
Arisa Seki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

AbstractVery low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) is a member of the LDL receptor family that is involved in the uptake of VLDL into cells. Increased hepatic VLDLR under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been shown to cause fatty liver. In this study, the effect of dietary protein restriction on hepatic VLDLR and the role of VLDLR in fatty liver were investigated using Vldlr knockout (KO) mice. Growing wild-type (WT) and KO mice were fed a control diet containing 20% ​​protein or a low protein diet containing 3% protein for 11 days. In WT mice, the amount of hepatic Vldlr mRNA and VLDLR protein increased by approximately 8- and 7-fold, respectively, due to protein restriction. Vldlr mRNA and protein levels increased in both type 1 and type 2 VLDLR. However, neither Vldlr mRNA nor protein levels were significantly increased in heart, muscle, and adipose tissue, demonstrating that VLDLR increase due to protein restriction occurred in a liver-specific manner. Increased liver triglyceride levels during protein restriction occurred in KO mice to the same extent as in WT mice, indicating that increased VLDLR during protein restriction was not the main cause of fatty liver, which was different from the case of ER stress.

Abstract P560: Delipid Extracorporeal Lipoprotein Filter System: A New Lipid-Lowering Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqiong Jiao ◽  
Ting Ye ◽  
Xiang Han
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Safety Parameters

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to illustrate a new low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) adsorption system, Delipid Extracorporeal Lipoprotein filter from Plasma (DELP) system, and evaluate its safety and efficacy in acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods: This is an observational study of 22 acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent DELP treatment from March to August 2019. The DELP system was composed of a plasma filter JX-DELP, a COM.TEC cell separator and Tubing P1R Plasma Treatment Set. Clinical data and laboratory results including plasma lipids and some safety parameters before and after the apheresis were collected and analyzed. Results: The present study included 22 patients (15 males, 7 females, 59.95±13.71 years). The mean LDL-C was significantly reduced from 3.36±0.64 mmol/L to 2.30±0.53 mmol/L (31.5%, p <0.001, n=22) during a single DELP treatment, and from 3.59±0.48 mmol/L to 1.85±0.50 mmol/L (48.2%, p <0.001, n=13) after two apheresis, respectively. No clinically relevant changes were observed in hematologic safety parameters during DELP treatments. Conclusions: We concluded that the new LDL-C adsorption system is a promising method for timely and controllable LDL-C administration in acute ischemic stroke patients in view of its high efficacy, simple operation, and safety.

scholarly journals Estimation of the presence of small dense lipoprotein cholesterol in acute ischemic stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Manabe ◽  
Ryuta Morihara ◽  
Kosuke Matsuzono ◽  
Yumiko Nakano ◽  
Yoshiaki Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is an established risk factor in ischemic heart disease. However, its clinical significance in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is uncertain. This study evaluates the prognostic value of the presence of sdLDL in patients with AIS by determining whether it contributes to clinical outcome or not. We studied 530 consecutive patients admitted within the first 48 hours after onset of ischemic stroke and 50 corresponding controls. Serum lipid parameters were measured on admission by standard laboratory methods. The percentage of AIS patients with sdLDL was significantly higher than the one of matched controls with sdLDL. Concerning comparisons between AIS patients with or without sdLDL, the percentages of males and patients with histories of smoking, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in AIS patients with sdLDL. Concerning the grade of severity, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on discharge was significantly higher in AIS patients with sdLDL. On logistic regression analysis, age (OR=2.29, P3). Our study showed that the presence of sdLDL might be independently associated with a poor prognosis after AIS.

scholarly journals Modulation of hepatic apolipoprotein B, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA and plasma lipoprotein concentrations by defined dietary fats. Comparison of trimyristin, tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein

1995 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Bennett ◽  
M A Billett ◽  
A M Salter ◽  
E H Mangiapane ◽  
J S Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Coa Reductase

Different dietary fatty acids exert specific effects on plasma lipids but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Hamsters were fed on low-cholesterol diets containing triacylglycerols enriched in specific saturated fatty acids, and effects on plasma lipids and the expression of genes involved in hepatic lipoprotein metabolism were measured. Trimyristin and tripalmitin caused significant rises in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol which were accompanied by significant reductions in hepatic LDL receptor mRNA levels. Tripalmitin also increased hepatic expression of the apolipoprotein B gene, implying an increased production of LDL via very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and decreased removal of LDL in animals fed this fat. Hepatic levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase mRNA did not vary significantly between the groups. Compared with triolein, tristearin had little effect on hepatic gene expression or total plasma cholesterol. However, it caused a marked decrease in VLDL cholesterol and a rise in LDL cholesterol such that overall it appeared to be neutral. Lipid analysis suggested a rapid desaturation of much of the dietary stearate. The differential changes in plasma lipids and hepatic mRNA levels induced by specific dietary fats suggests a role for fatty acids or a metabolite thereof in the regulation of the expression of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism.

scholarly journals MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENTS HEALTH CHANGES DURING THE STUDY PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Rita Geske ◽  
Alevtīna Leice ◽  
Iveta Strode ◽  
Maira Lāce
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lipid Parameters

The goal of this research is to analyze the change of students’ physical health during the one year of studies in context of lifestyle. The research participants were 103 Medical College’s students aged 19 to 56 years. All tests, measurements and questionnaires were done at falls of 2015 and 2016. Students’ physical health was evaluated in accordance with Apanasenko’s methods based on investigative anthropometric and functional testing measurements. These measurements included body mass index, lungs vital capacity, strength index, Robinson index and Recovery Heart Rate. Students’ lifestyle habits were determined with the help of questionnaire that included question groups regarding the self-evaluation of health status, health problems and illnesses, eating habits, and physical activities. During the research, lipid parameters in blood were also measured determining the total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

Changes in plasma lipids and low-density lipoprotein peak particle size during and after acute myocardial infarction

2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo M Barbagallo ◽  
Manfredi Rizzo ◽  
Angelo B Cefalù ◽  
Davide Noto ◽  
Antonio Scimeca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Hepatic fat is a stronger correlate of key clinical and molecular abnormalities than visceral and abdominal subcutaneous fat in youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001126
Author(s):  
Catherine E Cioffi ◽  
K M Venkat Narayan ◽  
Ken Liu ◽  
Karan Uppal ◽  
Dean P Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Integrative Network

IntroductionBody fat distribution is strongly associated with cardiometabolic disease (CMD), but the relative importance of hepatic fat as an underlying driver remains unclear. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to compare the clinical and molecular subnetworks that correlate with hepatic fat, visceral fat, and abdominal subcutaneous fat distribution.Research design and methodsThis was a cross-sectional sub-study of 283 children/adolescents (7–19 years) from the Yale Pediatric NAFLD Cohort. Untargeted, high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) was performed on plasma and combined with existing clinical variables including hepatic and abdominal fat measured by MRI. Integrative network analysis was coupled with pathway enrichment analysis and multivariable linear regression (MLR) to examine which metabolites and clinical variables associated with each fat depot.ResultsThe data divided into four communities of correlated variables (|r|>0.15, p<0.05) after integrative network analysis. In the largest community, hepatic fat was associated with eight clinical biomarkers, including measures of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and 878 metabolite features that were enriched predominantly in amino acid (AA) and lipid pathways in pathway enrichment analysis (p<0.05). Key metabolites associated with hepatic fat included branched-chain AAs (valine and isoleucine/leucine), aromatic AAs (tyrosine and tryptophan), serine, glycine, alanine, and pyruvate, as well as several acylcarnitines and glycerophospholipids (all q<0.05 in MLR adjusted for covariates). The other communities detected in integrative network analysis consisted of abdominal visceral, superficial subcutaneous, and deep subcutaneous fats, but no clinical variables, fewer metabolite features (280, 312, and 74, respectively), and limited findings in pathway analysis.ConclusionsThese data-driven findings show a stronger association of hepatic fat with key CMD risk factors compared with abdominal fats. The molecular network identified using HRM that associated with hepatic fat provides insight into potential mechanisms underlying the hepatic fat–insulin resistance interface in youth.

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