Increase in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid n−6/n−3 ratio in relation to hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia ARAYA ◽  
Ramón RODRIGO ◽  
Luis A. VIDELA ◽  
Lilian THIELEMANN ◽  
Myriam ORELLANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Long Chain

Hepatic steatosis is a major feature associated with NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). The aims of the present study were to assess the levels of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) in liver total lipids, triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and phospholipids of NAFLD patients in relation to those in adipose tissue and hepatic indexes related to oxidative stress as factors contributing to hepatic steatosis. Eleven control subjects and 19 patients with NAFLD were studied. Analysis of liver and abdominal adipose tissue fatty acids was carried out by GLC. The liver content of protein carbonyl groups and malondialdehyde were taken as indexes related to oxidative stress. NAFLD patients had a depletion in LCPUFA (long-chain PUFA) of the n-6 and n-3 series in liver triacylglycerols, with decreased 20:4,n-6/18:2,n-6 and (20:5,n-3+22:6,n-3)/18:3,n-3 ratios, whereas liver phospholipids contained higher n-6 and lower n-3 LCPUFA. These findings were accompanied by an enhancement of (i) n-6/n-3 ratio in liver and adipose tissue, (ii) 18:1,n-9 trans levels in adipose tissue, and (iii) hepatic lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation indexes. It is concluded that a marked enhancement in LCPUFA n-6/n-3 ratio occurs in the liver of NAFLD patients, a condition that may favour lipid synthesis over oxidation and secretion, thereby leading to steatosis. Depletion of hepatic LCPUFA may result from both defective desaturation of PUFA, due to inadequate intake of precursors, such as 18:3,n-3, and higher intake of the 18:1,n-9 trans isomer leading to desaturase inhibition, and from an increased peroxidation of LCPUFA due to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Fructose, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E: Involvement in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3531
Author(s):  
Gigliola Alberti ◽  
Juan Cristóbal Gana ◽  
José L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common form of liver disease in both adults and children, becoming the leading cause for liver transplant in many countries. Its prevalence has increased considerably in recent years, mainly due to the explosive increase in pediatric obesity rates. NAFLD is strongly associated with central obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and it has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Its complex pathophysiology involves a series of metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress processes, among others. Given the sharp increase in the prevalence of NAFLD and the lack of an appropriate pharmacological approach, it is crucial to consider the prevention/management of the disease based on lifestyle modifications such as the adoption of a healthy nutrition pattern. Herein, we review the literature and discuss the role of three key nutrients involved in pediatric NAFLD: fructose and its participation in metabolism, Omega-3 fatty acids and its anti-inflammatory effects and vitamin E and its action on oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as metabolic consequence of obstructive sleep apnea

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-331
Author(s):  
Ana Ninić ◽  
Marija Zdravković ◽  
Vojislav Radosavljević ◽  
Vera Gardijan ◽  
Lidija Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a worldwide prevalent condition carries risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, ultimately increasing overall mortality rates. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be considered as the primary metabolic disease, but also as a coexisting OSA comorbidity. Although prevalence of NAFLD covers quarter of world population, it increases with OSA presence. It can be speculated that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and sympathetic nervous system overactivity are involved in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression from simple steatosis through steatohepatitis to fibrosis. CIH provides the environment for liver oxidative stress, inflammation and increases the expression of genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acids synthesis. Catecholamines increase b-oxidation in liver and release free fatty acids from adipose tissue in plasma which inhibit insulin effects. Obesity and insulin resistance as key players in NAFLD development and advancement, deepen vicious circle of oxidative stress, inflammation and dyslipidemia. If not treated, OSA in NAFLD patients has been associated with inflammation, hepatocytes' necrosis, and fibrosis. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) represents gold standard for OSA therapy, allowing the unimpeded air passage through upper parts of respiratory system. However, it has been demonstrated that CPAP therapy have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic outcomes and slow liver degeneration.

Combined effect of n-3 fatty acids and phytosterol esters on alleviating hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease subjects: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 1148-1158
Author(s):  
Lihua Song ◽  
Xin Gang Zhao ◽  
Peng Ling Ouyang ◽  
Qi Guan ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Phytosterol Esters ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of n-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA, at an EPA:DHA ratio of 150:500) and phytosterol esters (PS) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety-six NAFLD subjects were randomly assigned to the following groups: the PS group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS); the FO group (receiving 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d); the PS + FO combination group (receiving 3·3 g/d PS and 450 mg EPA + 1500 mg DHA/d) and the PO group (a placebo group). The baseline clinical characteristics of the four groups were similar. The primary outcome was liver:spleen attenuation ratio (L:S ratio). The percentage increase in liver–spleen attenuation (≤1) in the PS + FO group was 36 % (P = 0·083), higher than those in the other three groups (PS group, 11 %, P = 0·519; FO group, 18 %, P = 0·071; PO group, 15 %, P = 0·436). Compared with baseline, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was significantly decreased in the three study groups at the end of the trial (PS, P = 0·000; FO, P = 0·002; PS + FO, P = 0·001) and TNF-α was significantly decreased in the FO group (P = 0·036), PS + FO group (P = 0·005) and PO group (P = 0·032) at the end of the intervention. Notably, TGF-β was reduced significantly more in the PS + FO group than in the PO group (P = 0·032). The TAG and total cholesterol levels of the PS + FO group were reduced by 11·57 and 9·55 %, respectively. In conclusion, co-supplementation of PS and EPA + DHA could increase the effectiveness of treatment for hepatic steatosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Carotenoids from Phaeodactylum tricornutum on Palmitate-Treated HepG2 Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Claire Mayer ◽  
Martine Côme ◽  
Vincent Blanckaert ◽  
Graziella Chini Zittelli ◽  
Cecilia Faraloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipophilic Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Long Chain

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents the most common liver disease and is characterized by an excess of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, mainly stored as triglycerides. Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine microalga, which is rich in bioactive molecules known to be hepatoprotective, such as n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and fucoxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a carotenoid extract from P. tricornutum in a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by palmitate treatment. The combined effects of carotenoids and lipids, especially n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, were also investigated by using a total lipophilic extract. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 250 µM palmitate with or without the addition of carotenoid extract (6 μg/mL) or total lipophilic extract (100 μg/mL). The addition of carotenoid extract or total lipophilic extract prevented the accumulation of triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol esters. The carotenoid extract and total lipophilic extract also decreased the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, SCD and DGAT1) and cholesterol esterification (ACAT1/SOAT1). In addition, the total lipophilic extract also downregulated the LXR/NR1H3 and SREBF1 genes, which are involved in lipogenesis regulation. By contrast, the carotenoid extract increased the mRNA level of CPT1A, a β-oxidation related gene, and reduced the lipid droplet accumulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the preventive effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of the two microalga extracts.

New therapy for fatty liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Tanita Suttichaimongkol
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of death from liver cirrhosis, endstage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also associated with increased cardiovasculardisease and cancer related mortality. While lifestyle modifications are the mainstay of treatment,only a proportion of patients are able to make due to difficult to achieve and maintain, and so moretreatment options are required such as pharmacotherapy. This review presents the drugs used inmanaging NAFLD and their pharmacologic targets. Therapies are currently directed towards improvingthe metabolic status of the liver, insulin resistance, cell oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation orfibrosis. Several agents are now in large clinical trials and within the next few years, the availability oftherapeutic options for NAFLD will be approved.     Keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis  

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