Effect of salt-loading on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and limb blood flow in normal subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FOO ◽  
A.E. DENVER ◽  
S.W. COPPACK ◽  
J.S. YUDKIN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Salt Loading

Effect of salt-loading on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and limb blood flow in normal subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FOO ◽  
A. E. DENVER ◽  
S. W. COPPACK ◽  
J. S. YUDKIN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
High Salt ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Low Salt

1.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high (220 ;mmol/day) and low (40 ;mmol/day) salt intake for 6 days on blood pressure, leg blood flow and insulin sensitivity in 18 ;healthy normotensive subjects. 2.Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure was measured at baseline, during salt-loading and salt-depletion. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a two-step euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp (low and high insulin infusion rates: 40 and 600 ;m-unit·min-1·m-2 respectively) and leg blood flow by plethysmography. 3.Salt-loading resulted in changes in weight [change between salt-loading and salt-restriction: δ =+0.45 (S.D.±0.69) ;kg, P = 0.015], plasma renin [δ =-11.5 (S.D.±12.9) ;μ-units/l, P = 0.001] and urinary noradrenaline [δ =-8.6 (S.D.±18.7) ;nmol/mmol creatinine, P = 0.05]. There were borderline significant increases in 24-h systolic blood pressure [δ =+5.8 (S.D.±14.2) mmHg, P = 0.06] and plasma volume [δ =+0.29 (S.D.±0.67) litres, P = 0.08]. 4.Insulin sensitivity was similar in both salt states. Geometric mean metabolic clearance rate of low-dose insulin: low salt, 5.13 (S.D.×/÷1.35) dl/min; high salt, 4.94 (S.D.×/÷1.37) dl/min, P = 1.0. Geometric mean metabolic clearance rate of high-dose insulin: low salt, 9.68 ;dl/min (S.D.×/÷1.30); high salt, 9.68 (S.D.×/÷1.27) dl/min, P = 0.69. 5.Leg blood flow response to high-dose insulin on high salt increased significantly compared with low salt. Percentage change of blood flow on low salt, δ =+36.6 (S.D.±22.9)% versus high salt, δ =+66.8 (S.D.±52.2)%, P = 0.03. 6.There were no significant relationships between salt-related changes in limb blood flow and changes in insulin sensitivity at either insulin infusion rate. 7.We conclude that salt-loading, despite changing body weight, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, urinary noradrenaline and the leg blood flow response to insulin, has no significant effect on insulin sensitivity. Salt-loading causes dissociated effects on insulin-induced vasodilatation and glucose disposal.

The relationship of blood flow velocity fluctuations to intracranial pressure B waves

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Newell ◽  
Rune Aaslid ◽  
Renate Stooss ◽  
Hans J. Reulen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Fluctuations

✓ Intracranial pressure (ICP) and continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasound signals were monitored in 20 head-injured patients and simultaneous synchronous fluctuations of middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocity and B waves of the ICP were observed. Continuous simultaneous monitoring of MCA velocity, ICP, arterial blood pressure, and expired CO2 revealed that both velocity waves and B waves occurred despite a constant CO2 concentration in ventilated patients and were usually not accompanied by fluctuations in the arterial blood pressure. Additional recordings from the extracranial carotid artery during the ICP B waves revealed similar synchronous fluctuations in the velocity of this artery, strongly supporting the hypothesis that blood flow fluctuations produce the velocity waves. The ratio between ICP wave amplitude and velocity wave amplitude was highly correlated to the ICP (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). Velocity waves of similar characteristics and frequency, but usually of shorter duration, were observed in seven of 10 normal subjects in whom MCA velocity was recorded for 1 hour. The findings in this report strongly suggest that B waves in the ICP are a secondary effect of vasomotor waves, producing cerebral blood flow fluctuations that become amplified in the ICP tracing, in states of reduced intracranial compliance.

scholarly journals Microvascular Function Relates to Insulin Sensitivity and Blood Pressure in Normal Subjects

Circulation ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik H. Serné ◽  
Coen D. A. Stehouwer ◽  
Jan C. ter Maaten ◽  
Piet M. ter Wee ◽  
Jan A. Rauwerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Microvascular Function

scholarly journals Ophtalmoplethysmography in ocular blood flow assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Rukhovets ◽  
Y. S. Astakhov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ocular Blood Flow ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Ocular Biometry ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Ocular Disorders ◽  
Segment Volume

Introduction and purpose. Ocular blood flow (OBF) impairment is observed in more than 50 % of all ocular disorders. There is often an association with systemic hemodynamics. To evaluate ophthalmoplethysmographic parameters in normal subjects taking into account individual frequency-response OBF characteristics. Methods. 251 subjects without ophthalmic pathological findings (except incipient cataract in elderly) were examined using ophtalmoplethysmograph OP-A (SKTB Optimed, Moscow, Russia, calibrated by optimized method). Ocular biometry, intraocular pressure, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) were also evaluated. Probands were divided into subgroups by gender and age. Results. The duration of the anacrotic part of the pulse curve ranged between 0.23±0.04 sec and 0.32±0.06 sec; the duration of the catacrotic part of the pulse curve was between 0.58±0.09 sec and 0.75±0.11 sec; the anacrotic/catacrotic ratio ranged between 0.34±0.07 and 0.55±0.1; the systolic increase of ocular anterior segment volume (SIOASV) ranged between 7.35±3.21 μl and 11.15±4.42 μl; SlOASV per minute was between 464.1±153.6 μl and 578.1±175.7 μl. Time characteristics of the plethysmographic curve highly correlate with HR. Conclusions. Ophtalmoplethysmography is a valuable tool for OBF evaluation. Normal OBF ophthalmoplethysmographic parameters vary significantly (ranging between 165.6 and 1388.4 μl/min). OBF evaluation should not be performed without systemic BP and HR examination.

Physical fitness, muscle morphology, and insulin-stimulated limb blood flow in normal subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. E905-E911 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Utriainen ◽  
A. Holmang ◽  
P. Bjorntorp ◽  
S. Makimattila ◽  
A. Sovijarvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Limb Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Fiber Composition

The response of limb blood flow to insulin is highly variable even in normal subjects. We examined whether physical fitness or differences in muscle morphology contribute to this variation. Maximal aerobic power, muscle fiber composition and capillarization, and the response of forearm glucose extraction and blood flow to a sequential hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (serum insulin 374 +/- 10, 816 +/- 23, and 2,768 +/- 78 pmol/l) were determined in 16 normal males (age 25 +/- 1 yr, body mass index 24 +/- 1 kg/m2). Maximal aerobic power correlated positively with the proportion of type I fibers (r = 0.67, P < 0.01) and negatively with the proportion of type IIb fibers (r = -0.73, P < 0.01). Fiber composition but not blood flow correlated significantly with forearm and whole body glucose uptake. All doses of insulin significantly increased forearm blood flow, maximally by 123 +/- 21%. The ratio of capillaries per fiber was significantly correlated with basal and insulin-stimulated blood flow (0.58∑ 0.76, P < 0.05∑0.01). Mean arterial blood pressure and the insulin∑induced increase in blood flow were inversely correlated (r = ∑0.59, P < 0.05). We conclude that variation in glucose extraction is significantly determined by muscle fiber composition, whereas variation in insulin-stimulated blood flow is closely associated with muscle capillarization.

GSK2256294 Decreases sEH (Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase) Activity in Plasma, Muscle, and Adipose and Reduces F2-Isoprostanes but Does Not Alter Insulin Sensitivity in Humans

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Luther ◽  
Justina Ray ◽  
Dawei Wei ◽  
John R. Koethe ◽  
Latoya Hannah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) reduce blood pressure by acting in the vasculature and kidney, and interventions to increase circulating EETs improve insulin sensitivity and prevent diabetes in animal models. Inhibition of EET hydrolysis with a sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase) inhibitor is an attractive approach for hypertension and diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that sEH inhibition increases circulating EETs, reduces blood pressure, and improves insulin sensitivity, blood flow, and inflammation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Sixteen participants with obesity and prediabetes were randomized to GSK2256294 10 mg QD or placebo for 7 days, insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and adipose and muscle tissues biopsies were performed to assess insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. We assessed tissue and plasma EETs and their respective diol concentrations and sEH activity within plasma, muscle, and adipose tissues. GSK2256294 reduced circulating and adipose tissue sEH activity, but blood pressure, circulating EET, and tissue EETs were unchanged. Plasma sEH activity correlated with muscle and adipose tissue sEH activity. Insulin sensitivity assessed during hyperinsulinemic clamps, as well as adipose and muscle phosphorylated-Akt/Akt expression were similar during GSK2256294 and placebo. sEH inhibition with GSK2256294 reduced plasma F2-isoprostanes (50.7±15.8 versus 37.2±17.3 pg/mL; P =0.03) but not IL (interleukin)-6. Resting blood pressure, forearm blood flow, and renal plasma flow were similar during GSK2256294 and placebo. We demonstrate that GSK2256294 administration for 7 days effectively inhibits sEH activity in plasma, muscle, and adipose tissue and reduces F2-isoprostanes—a marker of oxidative stress—but does not improve insulin sensitivity or blood pressure.

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