Serum levels of androgens and migraine in postmenopausal women

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter MATTSSON
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
The Mean

Female hormones are thought to be of importance in the aetiology of migraine, which is more common in women than in men. Little attention has been paid to androgens. This study investigates the associations between migraine and serum levels of androgens in postmenopausal women not taking oestrogens. A case-control study was carried out among women participating in a mammography screening program. A neurologist clinically assessed the participants. Headache criteria proposed by the International Headache Society were used. Each of the 15 women with migraine was matched to three controls by time since menopause and by body mass index. Serum levels of androstenedione and total testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassays. Free testosterone was calculated from total testosterone, immunoassayed sex hormone-binding globulin and albumin. The mean±S.D. serum level of androstenedione was 2.7±1.1nmol/l and 3.4±1.9nmol/l in cases and controls respectively. The mean serum level of testosterone was 0.8±0.4nmol/l and 1.0±0.5nmol/l in cases and controls respectively. The mean serum level of free testosterone was 12.5±8.5pmol/l and 14.0±7.9pmol/l in cases and controls respectively. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to test for differences in serum levels of androstenedione, total testosterone and free testosterone between cases and controls. No statistically significant differences were found. To conclude, there was no evidence in this study that differences within normal levels of androgens play an important role in the aetiology of migraine in postmenopausal women not taking oestrogens.

scholarly journals Changes in Testosterone Levels and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels in Extremely Obese Men after Bariatric Surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patchaya Boonchaya-anant ◽  
Nitchakarn Laichuthai ◽  
Preaw Suwannasrisuk ◽  
Natnicha Houngngam ◽  
Suthep Udomsawaengsup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Objective.Obesity is a risk factor for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men. Weight loss has been shown to improve hypogonadism in obese men. This study evaluated the early changes in sex hormones profile after bariatric surgery.Methods.This is a prospective study including 29 morbidly obese men. Main outcomes were changes in serum levels of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (cFT), SHBG, estradiol, adiponectin, and leptin at 1 and 6 months after surgery.Results.The mean age of patients was 31 ± 8 years and the mean BMI was 56.8 ± 11.7 kg/m2. Fifteen patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 14 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy. At baseline, 22 patients (75.9%) had either low TT levels (<10.4 nmol/L) or low cFT levels (<225 pmol/L). Total testosterone and SHBG levels increased significantly at 1 month after surgery (p≤0.001). At 6 months after surgery, TT and cFT increased significantly (p≤0.001) and 22 patients (75.9%) had normalized TT and cFT levels. There were no changes in estradiol levels at either 1 month or 6 months after surgery.Conclusions. Increases in TT and SHBG levels occurred early at 1 month after bariatric surgery while improvements in cFT levels were observed at 6 months after bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Study the association of testosterone levels with insulin resistance in Iraqi men with Diabetes mellitus type 2

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Ali Haider Alhammer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
The Mean

This study was set to evaluate the testosterone serum levels and their association with insulin resistance to uncover if any related possible negative consequences in Iraqi patients with Diabetes mellitus (DM). Sixty six men with type 2 DM were randomly selected and compared to 18 healthy volunteers, demographic data were collected in addition to 10 ml of venous blood was drawn to evaluate serum levels of total Testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), c-peptide, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), lipid profile, and blood sugar. The mean serum level of total testosterone was 2.434 ± 0.12 ng/ml in diabetic patients and 3.62 ± 0.32 ng/ml in non-diabetic subjects which was significantly different (p=0.003). The mean value of free serum level of testosterone was significantly higher in non-diabetic group (14.71 ± 1.4 pg/ml) in comparison with diabetic group (10.71 ± 0.54 pg/ml; p=0.017). Total testosterone correlates positively with FT and SHBG, while negatively with c-peptide, age and Body mass index (BMI). It’s concluded that total testosterone, free testosterone, and SHBG were significantly lower in diabetic group which strongly associated with insulin resistance.

scholarly journals A comparison between spironolactone and spironolactone plus finasteride in the treatment of hirsutism

2004 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Kelestimur ◽  
H Everest ◽  
K Unluhizarci ◽  
F Bayram ◽  
Y Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the combination of spironolactone (100 mg/day) plus finasteride (5 mg/day) and spironolactone (100 mg/day) alone in the treatment of hirsutism. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Sixty-five hirsute women were randomly assigned to one of these two treatment groups. Hirsutism score was measured according to the modified Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system. Baseline and post-treatment assessments were carried out in each subject by an investigator blinded to the therapy. Both groups had similar demographic properties at baseline. The serum levels of total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured at the beginning and after 1 year of therapy. Blood chemistry and side-effects were evaluated during the study. Hirsutism scores were decreased significantly in both groups at the end of the year. RESULTS: The mean percentage change in hirsutism scores from baseline in the spironolactone plus finasteride-treated group (51.3%) was significantly (P<0.005) higher than in the group treated with spironolactone alone (36.6%). Patients from both treatment groups experienced similar side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We have concluded that a combination of spironolactone plus finasteride is a safe and effective therapy in the treatment of hirsutism.

scholarly journals Hypoactive sexual desire in transsexual women: prevalence and association with testosterone levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Els Elaut ◽  
Griet De Cuypere ◽  
Petra De Sutter ◽  
Luk Gijs ◽  
Michael Van Trotsenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Testosterone Levels

ObjectiveAn unknown proportion of transsexual women (defined as post-operative male-to-female transsexuals on oestrogen replacement) experience hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). It has been suggested that the absence of ovarian androgen production together with oestrogen treatment-related increase in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels could be leading to HSDD, due to low levels of biologically available testosterone. This study wishes to document the HSDD prevalence among transsexual women and the possible association to androgen levels.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsTranssexual women (n=62) and a control group of ovulating women (n=30) participated in this study. Questionnaires measuring sexual desire (sexual desire inventory) and relationship and sexual satisfaction (Maudsley Marital Questionnaire) were completed. Serum levels of total testosterone, LH and SHBG were measured in blood samples obtained at random in transsexual women and in the early follicular phase in ovulating women.ResultsThe transsexual group had lower levels of total and calculated free testosterone (both P<0.001) than the ovulating women. HSDD was reported in 34% of the transsexual and 23% of the ovulating women (P=0.30). Both groups reported similar levels of sexual desire (P=0.97). For transsexual women, no significant correlation was found between sexual desire and total (P=0.64) or free testosterone (P=0.82). In ovulating women, these correlations were significant (P=0.006, resp. P=0.003).ConclusionsHSDD is reported in one-third of transsexual women. This prevalence is not substantially different from controls, despite markedly lower (free) testosterone levels, which argues against a major role of testosterone in this specific group.

scholarly journals Free testosterone and malignant melanoma risk in men: prospective analyses of testosterone and SHBG with 19 cancers in men and postmenopausal women UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor L. Watts ◽  
Aurora Perez-Cornago ◽  
Anika Knuppel ◽  
Konstantinos K. Tsilidis ◽  
Timothy J. Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Uk Biobank

AbstractWe investigated the associations of estimated free and total circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with cancer risk in men and postmenopausal women, using a pan-cancer approach, including 19 cancers in UK Biobank.Risk was estimated using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression in up to 182,608 men and 122,112 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free at baseline. Participants diagnosed with cancer within two years of baseline were excluded. Hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were corrected for regression dilution bias using repeat measurements. We accounted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate.In men, higher free testosterone was associated with higher risks of melanoma and prostate cancer (HR per 50 pmol/L increase=1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.61 and 1.10,1.04-1.18, respectively). Higher total testosterone was associated with an elevated risk of liver cancer (HR per 5 nmol/L=2.45,1.56-3.84), and higher SHBG was associated with a higher risk of liver cancer (HR per 10 nmol/L=1.56,1.31-1.87) and a lower risk of prostate cancer (0.93,0.91-0.96); associations with liver cancer were attenuated after excluding early follow-up. In postmenopausal women, higher free and total testosterone and lower SHBG were associated with elevated risks of endometrial (HR per 10 pmol/L=1.59,1.32-1.90; HR per 0.5 nmol/L=1.34,1.18-1.52 and HR per 25 nmol/L=0.78,0.67-0.91, respectively) and breast cancer (1.32,1.22-1.43;1.24,1.17-1.31 and 0.88,0.83-0.94, respectively).We report a novel association of free testosterone with malignant melanoma in men; our findings also support known associations between sex hormones and risks for prostate, breast and endometrial cancers. The association with liver cancer in men may be attributable to reverse causation.

Dehydroepiandrosterone and/or its metabolites: possible androgen receptor antagonistic effects on digitized mammographic breast density in normal breast tissue of postmenopausal women

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lundström ◽  
Kjell Carlström ◽  
Sabine Naessen ◽  
Gunnar Söderqvist
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Mammographic Breast Density

Abstract Background Androgens, notably testosterone inhibit breast cell proliferation and negative correlations between free testosterone (fT) and breast cell proliferation as well as mammographic density have been described. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is reported to be a partial androgen antagonist in breast tumor cells in vitro. Our aim was to investigate if circulating DHEA had any effects on the association between circulating fT and mammographic density in vivo in the normal postmenopausal breast. Methods We measured visual and digitized mammographic density and serum DHEA, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin and calculated fT in 84 healthy untreated postmenopausal women. Results Significant negative correlations between fT and both visual and digitized mammographic density were strengthened when the median DHEA level decreased from 10.2 to 8.6 nmol/L. Thereafter, correlations became weaker again probably due to decreasing fT levels and/or sample size. There were no correlations between mammographic density and DHEA, at any of the DHEA concentration ranges studied. Serum levels of fT and DHEA were positively correlated. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that circulating DHEA and/or its metabolites counteract the inhibitory action of fT on mammographic breast density.

Metabolic clearance rate of testosterone in male epileptic patients on anti-convulsant therapy

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Wheeler ◽  
B. K. Toone ◽  
A. Dannatt ◽  
P. B. C. Fenwick ◽  
S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Testosterone

ABSTRACT There are several reports which state that male epileptics on anti-convulsant therapy have reduced sexual activity. We and others have shown that, although total testosterone is raised, the free testosterone concentration is reduced in this patient population. This could be a result of an increased metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of testosterone, inadequate secretion of LH to stimulate testosterone synthesis or inappropriately low testosterone production by the Leydig cells. We have examined these possibilities by measuring the MCR of testosterone in 15 male epileptics on anti-convulsant therapy. In this group of patients, the mean LH (9·3±5·9 IU/l) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (54·5±22·9 nmol/l) concentrations were significantly greater than those of five normal control subjects (4·7±1·11 IU/l and 26·0 ±7·0 nmol/l respectively). Mean total testosterone concentrations of the two groups were not significantly different but the mean percentage of free testosterone and free testosterone concentration were significantly lower in the patient population (2·06±0·43 vs 2·98±0·27 and 0·56±1·1 vs 0·79±0·7 pmol/l). The MCR of testosterone was significantly lower in the patients (773±322 vs 1354±443 1/day) and showed a positive correlation with the percentage of free testosterone. Therefore, our results suggest that the lowered free testosterone in male epileptics on anti-convulsant therapy is not due to an increased MCR of testosterone. The increased LH concentration suggests primary hypogonadism. This, in turn, could be responsible for low free testosterone levels in the presence of normal testosterone. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 465–468

scholarly journals The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Sex Hormones Among Postmenopausal Women in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yu Chen ◽  
Yan-Peng Fu ◽  
Wen Zhong ◽  
Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Stratified Analysis

AimsDiet has been found to have an important effect on sex hormones. The effect of diet-induced inflammation on sex hormones has not been studied in detail among women. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and sex hormones among postmenopausal women.MethodsThis study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2016 waves. A total of 1183 postmenopausal women who provided information on two 24-hour dietary intake recalls, sex hormones including total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), TT/E2, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free estradiol (FE2) and free testosterone (FT), as well as selected covariates were included. Linear regression and restricted cubic spline evaluated the association between E-DII and sex hormones. Effect modification by body mass index (BMI) and type of menopause was then examined in stratified analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, linear regression showed that E-DII was positively associated with TT (P=0.035), FT (P=0.026) and TT/E2 (P=0.065). TT (P-nonlinear = 0.037) and TT/E2 (P-nonlinear = 0.035) had significant nonlinear association with E-DII. E2 (P-nonlinear = 0.046) and FE2 (P-nonlinear = 0.027) depicted a nonlinear U-shaped significant association with E-DII, the two inflection points were found at the E-DII score of -0.22 and 0.07, respectively, the associations in natural menopausal women were more pronounced.ConclusionsOur study indicates that several indicators of androgen and estrogen were associated with E-DII in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Free Testosterone Levels in Japanese Men with Well-controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yoshino ◽  
Ichiro Koga ◽  
Yoshitaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Takatoshi Kitazawa ◽  
Yasuo Ota
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

scholarly journals Hypogonadism and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Quiros-Roldan ◽  
T. Porcelli ◽  
L. C. Pezzaioli ◽  
M. Degli Antoni ◽  
S. Paghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose Hypogonadism is frequent in HIV-infected men and might impact on metabolic and sexual health. Low testosterone results from either primary testicular damage, secondary hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, or from liver-derived sex-hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG) elevation, with consequent reduction of free testosterone. The relationship between liver fibrosis and hypogonadism in HIV-infected men is unknown. Aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and type of hypogonadism in a cohort of HIV-infected men and its relationship with liver fibrosis. Methods We performed a cross-sectional retrospective study including 107 HIV-infected men (median age 54 years) with hypogonadal symptoms. Based on total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone, five categories were identified: eugonadism, primary, secondary, normogonadotropic and compensated hypogonadism. Estimates of liver fibrosis were performed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores. Results Hypogonadism was found in 32/107 patients (30.8%), with normogonadotropic (10/107, 9.3%) and compensated (17/107, 15.8%) being the most frequent forms. Patients with secondary/normogonadotropic hypogonadism had higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0001). Patients with compensated hypogonadism had longer HIV infection duration (p = 0.031), higher APRI (p = 0.035) and FIB-4 scores (p = 0.008), and higher HCV co-infection. Univariate analysis showed a direct significant correlation between APRI and TT (p = 0.006) and SHBG (p = 0.002), and between FIB-4 and SHBG (p = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed that SHBG was independently associated with both liver fibrosis scores. Conclusion Overt and compensated hypogonadism are frequently observed among HIV-infected men. Whereas obesity is related to secondary hypogonadism, high SHBG levels, related to liver fibrosis degree and HCV co-infection, are responsible for compensated forms.

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