Randomized controlled trial of home-based exercise training to evaluate cardiac functional gains

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul MARSHALL ◽  
Jawad AL-TIMMAN ◽  
Rhona RILEY ◽  
Jay WRIGHT ◽  
Simon WILLIAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Cardiac Reserve ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Functional Gains

There is evidence that multiple benefits can be obtained through exercise training that leads to increases in peak oxygen consumption (O2). It is unclear whether significant improvements can also be achieved through unsupervised low-budget home-based training regimes, especially in terms of cardiac functional gains. A randomized cross-over trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a home-based unsupervised exercise training programme of moderate intensity on aerobic capacity, cardiac reserve and peak cardiac power output in healthy middle-aged volunteers. Nine subjects with no known cardiovascular diseases performed symptom-limited treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise tests after an 8-week period of exercise training, and results were compared with those obtained after a similar ‘non-exercising’ control period. Cardiac output was measured non-invasively during exercise tests using the CO2-rebreathing method. With exercise training, resting heart rate decreased significantly from 88.3±3.4 to 78.7±3.2beatsċmin-1 (P < 0.05), heart rate at a submaximal workload (O2 = 1.5litresċmin-1) decreased from 125.5±2.4 to 115.5±1.6beatsċmin-1, and peak O2 increased by 9% from 2.62±0.19 to 2.85±0.18litresċmin-1 (P < 0.01). Baseline cardiac power output was 1.11±0.05W, and this remained unchanged with training. Peak cardiac power output increased by 16% from 4.1±0.3 to 4.7±0.3W (P < 0.001), and cardiac reserve increased by 21% (P < 0.01). A major contribution to these increases was from the 11% increase in stroke volume, from 100.1±5.3 to 111.2±6.2ml (P < 0.001). All subjects reported more positive perceptions of their health (P < 0.05), fitness (P < 0.01) and levels of activity (P < 0.01) after the training period. These results show that motivated subjects undergoing low-budget unsupervised home-based exercise training of moderate intensity can derive benefit in terms of symptoms, aerobic capacity and cardiac functional reserve.

Comparison of the cardiac pumping capability and cardiac pumping reserve in double-muscled and conventional calves

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Amory ◽  
K. McEntee ◽  
A. S. Linden ◽  
D. J. M. Desmecht ◽  
J. M. L. Beduin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
Muscular Hypertrophy ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Cardiac Reserve ◽  
Cardiac Power ◽  
Cardiac Pumping ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Hereditary muscular hypertrophy is a character that has been selected in several animal species for industrial meat production. The selection of this character in cattle produces animals of exceptional commercial value but ones with a lower aerobic capacity than that of conventional cattle. The purpose of this work was to study the role of cardiac function as a potential limiting factor of aerobic capacity in double-muscled calves. Two groups of healthy calves were studied, one consisting of nine calves of conventional conformation and the other of nine double-muscled calves. Pulmonary arterial and capillary wedge, central venous, and systemic arterial pressures were measured by fluid-filled catheters and recorded together with the electrocardiogram. Cardiac output was measured by the thermodilution technique. From these measurements, the heart rate, the cardiac and the stroke indices, the pulmonary and the systemic vascular resistances, and the cardiac power output were calculated. The parameters were recorded under basal resting conditions and during incremental dobutamine challenge, which allowed determination of the resting cardiac power output, the cardiac pumping capability, and the cardiac reserve. Dobutamine challenge induced a significant rise in cardiac and stroke indices, heart rate, and cardiac power output, a significant decrease in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, and no change in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures. The cardiac reserve obtained in the present study was low in comparison with those previously reported in humans, dogs, and horses. This may be related to the poor running capability of bovine species relative to that of the former species. The double-muscled calves had significantly lower cardiac and stroke indices, resting cardiac power output, cardiac pumping capability, and cardiac reserve than did conventional calves. Therefore, the cardiac performance, capability, and reserve were reduced in double-muscled calves. It was concluded that cardiac performance is a critical step in the oxygen-transport pathway in double-muscled cattle.Key words: cattle, hereditary muscular hypertrophy, oxygen consumption, cardiovascular system, cardiac power output.

scholarly journals Low Volume, Home-Based Weighted Step Exercise Training Can Improve Lower Limb Muscle Power and Functional Ability in Community-Dwelling Older Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Mair ◽  
Giuseppe De Vito ◽  
Colin A. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Low Volume

Stepping exercise can be used as a scalable form of high intensity exercise to enhance important aspects of physical fitness in older populations. The addition of supplementary weights increases the resistive element of stepping, with the potential for training improvements in muscular strength, power, and functional abilities alongside other fitness outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-volume, home-based weighted step exercise programme on muscular strength, power, and functional ability in previously inactive community-dwelling older women. Eleven participants, aged between 65–74 years, independently completed a six-week individualised and progressive step exercise training programme wearing a weighted vest. Knee extensor strength, lower limb power output, and physical function using a battery of functional tests were measured at baseline, following a 6-week control period, and again following the 6-week training programme. Following training, lower limb power output improved by 10–11% (p < 0.05) and was accompanied by a corresponding 9% (p < 0.01) improvement in stair climb time and 10% (p < 0.01) improvement in normalised stair climbing power, highlighting the beneficial effects of weighted stepping for transferable improvements in functional fitness. The magnitude of observed training improvements suggest that weighted step training has the potential to prolong independence and prevent age-related health conditions such as sarcopenia.

Eight weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training increases heart rate variability in sedentary postmenopausal women

2004 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. e8-e15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim Jurca ◽  
Timothy S Church ◽  
Gina M Morss ◽  
Alexander N Jordan ◽  
Conrad P Earnest
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Heart rate response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness of young women at high familial risk for hypertension: effects of interval vs continuous training

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel G Ciolac ◽  
Edimar A Bocchi ◽  
Julia MD Greve ◽  
Guilherme V Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise training is an effective intervention for treating and preventing hypertension, but its effects on heart rate (HR) response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of non-hypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents (FH+) has not been studied. We compared the effects of three times per week equal-volume high-intensity aerobic interval (AIT) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on HR response to exercise and CRF of FH+. Forty-four young FH+ women (25.0 ± 4.4 years) randomized to control (CON; n = 12), AIT (80–90% of VO2MAX; n = 16), or CME (50–60% of VO2MAX; n = 16) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) before and after 16 weeks of follow-up to evaluate HR response to exercise and several parameters of CRF. Resting, maximal, and reserve HR did not change after the follow-up in all groups. HR recovery (difference between HRMAX and HR at 1 minute of GXT recovery phase) improved only after AIT (11.8 ± 4.9 vs. 20.6 ± 5.8 bpm, p < 0.01). Both exercise programmes were effective for improving CRF parameters, but AIT was more effective than CME for improving oxygen consumption at the respiratory compensation point (VO2RCP; 22.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.008) and maximal effort (VO2MAX; 15.8% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.036), as well as tolerance time (TT) to reach anaerobic threshold (TTAT; 62.0 vs. 37.7, p = 0.048), TTRCP (49.3 vs. 32.9, p = 0.032), and TTMAX (38.9 vs. 29.2, p = 0.042). Exercise intensity was an important factor in improving HR recovery and CRF of FH+women. These findings may have important implications for designing exercise-training programmes for the prevention of an inherited hypertensive disorder.

Aerobic Exercise Training and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Boileau ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Demetra Demetriou ◽  
Naveen K. Devabhaktuni ◽  
Gregory L. Dykstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After

A trial was conducted to examine the effect of moderate aerobic exercise training (AET) on cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness. Previously sedentary participants, age 60-75 years, were randomly assigned to either AET treatment or a control group for 6 months. The AET consisted of walking for 40 min three times/week at an intensity that elevated heart rate to 65% of maximum heart rate reserve. The control group performed a supervised stretching program for 40 min three times/week. CR fitness was assessed before and after the treatments during a grade-incremented treadmill walking test. Both absolute and relative peak V̇O2 significantly increased (p < .01) in the AET group, whereas they decreased modestly in the control group. Maximum treadmill time increased significantly (p < .01) in the AET group relative to the control group. These results indicate that CR fitness as measured by peak V̇O2 modestly improves in the elderly with a moderate-intensity, relatively long-term aerobic exercise program.

scholarly journals Interval Exercise Training (IET) Is Feasible and May Improve Cardiorespiratory Performance Prior to Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 2611-2611
Author(s):  
Mathew Meeneghan ◽  
Anna Snavely ◽  
Abbie Smith-Ryan ◽  
Claudio L Battaglini ◽  
Bryce B Reeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Steps Per Day

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) measure overall fitness and functionality. Higher values have been shown to be directly related to lower mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) [Wood WA, et. al. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013;48:1342-1349. Kelsey CR, et. al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing prior to myeloablative allo-SCT: a feasibility study. Bone Marrow Transplant (e-pub ahead of print 28 July 2014; doi:10.1038/bmt.2014.159.]. These parameters may represent targets for pre-HCT exercise interventions to ultimately improve post-HCT outcomes. Interval exercise training (IET), a type of exercise intervention that utilizes intermittent bouts of individualized high intensity exercise, has demonstrated the ability to induce rapid mitochondrial and enzymatic changes and to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in short periods of time. Thus, IET represents an attractive potential intervention for the time-limited pre-HCT setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of 6 weeks of IET upon cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) and 6MWD prior to HCT. We hypothesized that IET prior to HCT would be feasible and safe in the HCT population. Further, we hypothesized that IET prior to HCT would improve pre-HCT VO2peak and 6MWD. Because of the association of pre-HCT fitness with post-HCT mortality in the alloHCT patient population, this finding could support the use of IET in preparing this high-risk patient population to withstand the physiologic stress of transplantation. METHODS: We planned to recruit 40 adult participants with planned auto (N=20) or allo (N=20) HCT for a study of a 6-week personalized, home-based IET intervention prior to HCT. IET consisted of a 2-week lead-in period followed by 4 weeks of thrice weekly sessions of five 3-minute intervals at 65-85% maximal heart rate (MHR). Each interval was followed by 2 minutes of rest. The mode of home-based exercise was decided in consultation with the participant and the exercise physiologist. A total of 18 sessions were prescribed for each participant. Intensity and compliance were assessed with heart rate monitors and accelerometers that were recorded weekly. Before and after the 6-week intervention 6MWD and exercise testing for the assessment of VO2peak conducted. Accelerometer data was used to assess total daily activity (steps per day) throughout the duration of the study. RESULTS: Twenty-three participants (10 auto, 13 allo) are available for analysis at this time with recruitment ongoing (65% male; median age 53 years [range 27-75]; median BMI 27.6 kg/m2 [range 19.5-35.2]). For these participants, a median of 5 of the 6 prescribed weeks of exercise were completed, with a median of 10 interval exercise sessions performed during this time. Participants achieved target MHR for a median of 9 exercise sessions. Participants achieved a mean of 85% (SD±9) of MHR during exercise sessions. Subjects took an average of 5445 steps per day (SD±1738) throughout the intervention period. One patient reported dizziness, nausea, and shortness of breath during exercise, which resolved without complication; there were no other adverse events noted. For patients planning to undergo alloHCT, median VO2peak before the intervention was 18.8 ml/kg/min (IQR 17.1-26.4), and the median VO2peak improvement following the intervention was 3.7 ml/kg/min (IQR 2.6-5.0, p=0.002). For the entire population including planned autoHCT, these values were pre-intervention VO2peak 18.5 ml/kg/min (IQR 16.0-25.4) and VO2peak change 2.2 ml/kg/min (IQR 0.8-4.1, p=0.01). 6MWD also improved for those with planned alloHCT (median 37m, IQR 18-68, p=0.007) and for the overall group (median 40m, IQR 4-69, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that patients planning to undergo auto or alloHCT are motivated and able to participate in a 6-week intensive, home-based interval exercise training intervention in the immediate pre-transplantation period. Participants were able to safely achieve high-intensity heart rates in the target range. Some participants could not complete the planned 6 weeks because of the timing of transplantation, while others completed the entire duration of the intervention. Preliminarily, the intervention appears to show efficacy in improving pre-HCT cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by VO2peak and 6MWD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The effect of moderate versus high intensity exercise on heart rate variability in sedentary office workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Vibha Gangwar ◽  
Manish Kumar Verma ◽  
Ritesh Singh Gangwar ◽  
Nitin Ashok John ◽  
Rajani Bala Jasrotia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Sedentary behavior is one of the leading modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Physical exercise exerts beneficial physiological effects on cardiovascular fitness. Different grades of physical exercise have different effects on cardiovascular health. Objective: To compare the effect of moderate and high intensity exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV) in sedentary office workers. Methods: This study was conducted on 40 healthy sedentary volunteers aged between 20-40 years of both the genders. Participants were distributed into two groups of 20 subjects each. Subjects of group I and group II performed moderate intensity and high intensity exercise respectively on bicycle ergometer for 12 weeks. Their 5- minute ECG recording was done by three channel physiograph, and frequency domain indices of HRV and heart rate (HR) were analyzed and compared before and after exercise training. Their blood pressure was also recorded and compared before and after exercise training. Independent sample t-test and paired sample ttest were used for statistical analysis. Results: HF, systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced significantly after exercise in group II (p=0.015, 0.005, and 0.015 respectively) while HR and LF/HF ratio reduced in both group I and group II (p=0.000 for HR, and 0.034, 0.001 for LF/HF). The decrease in HR was greater after high intensity exercise than moderate intensity exercise (p= 0.025). Conclusion: Parasympathetic activity improves after moderate and high intensity exercise but improvement is more after high intensity exercise training. Therefore, high intensity exercise training is more beneficial than moderate intensity exercise training. J Bngladesh Soc Physiol 2021;16(1): 16-23

Impact of Moderate Exercise Training on Heart Rate Variability in Obese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Breanna L. Davidson ◽  
Kristen A. Byrne ◽  
Brittany L. Rood ◽  
Elizabeth S. Edwards ◽  
Jeremy D. Akers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Postexercise Recovery

ABSTRACT Background: Exercise has been shown to improve heart rate variability (HRV) at rest in healthy subjects. HRV response during and immediately after acute exercise in obese individuals following aerobic exercise training has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on HRV during acute exercise and active postexercise recovery in obese individuals. Methods: Eleven obese individuals (5 men, 6 women; body mass index = 39.2 ± 6.3 kg·m−2] underwent 12 weeks of exercise training at 60% of predicted VO2max, determined via a submaximal treadmill test. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. HRV was measured during the final minute in each exercise stage and in recovery and analyzed with Kubios HRV software. Results: Predicted VO2max (baseline: 28.2 ± 3.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 and posttraining: 27.4 mL·kg−1·min−1, P &gt; 0.05) was unchanged and body fat % decreased (46.2% ± 2.2 vs 45.5% ± 7.2, respectively). Initial stage heart rate and postexercise recovery heart rate was lower after training. The high frequency component was greater during the initial exercise stage after training. The low frequency component and the standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability were greater during the final exercise stage after training. During cooldown, the root-mean-square of differences between adjacent RR intervals and high frequency normalized units were greater after training. Conclusion: HRV markers were improved during acute exercise stage and active recovery in obese individuals following 12 weeks of moderate intensity exercise training. These results suggest improvements in autonomic function can be seen with reductions in adiposity, independent of cardiorespiratory fitness changes in obese adults.

scholarly journals Exercise training of dogs with myxomatous valve disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Valandro ◽  
J.P.E. Pascon ◽  
D.T.P. Pereira ◽  
M.L.A. Mistieri
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Valve Disease ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACT The present study has the objective of evaluating the effects of exercise training, using moderate intensity walking (60 to 80% of maximum heart rate), from 30 to 50 minutes, three times a week, in alternate days, during eight weeks, on heart rate variability in dogs with myxomatous valve disease (MVD). For that, 20 dogs in stages B1 (1), B2 (14) and C2 (5) of MVD (ACVIM classification) were divided into untrained control group (CG, n=9) and training group (TG, n=11), and assessed at baseline (T0), after four (T1) and eight weeks (T2). Only one B1 and five B2 dogs completed the training program. In the time domain, the rMSSD was greater in TG in T1 (155,5+42,07) and T2 (199,8+83,54) than CG (T1:91,17+35,79 and T2:88,17+57,51). In the frequency domain, the variable High Frequency (HF) increased in TG in T1 (30950+25810) and T2 (40300+33870) when compared to the CG (T1:19090+23210 and T2:18810+22200) and within the group TG in T2 in relation to T0 (29340+20950). The proposed walking protocol is concluded to have increased the rMSSD and HF variables in TG, representing an increase of the parasympathetic tonus, justifying the indication of this therapy in B1 and B2 stages of MVD.

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