Concentration-Dependent Stimulation of Intestinal Phase III of Migrating Motor Complex by Circulating Serotonin in Humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Lördal ◽  
Håkan Wallén ◽  
Paul Hjemdahl ◽  
Olof Beck ◽  
Per M. Hellström
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Small Intestinal

1. The influence of circulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) on small intestinal motility was investigated in healthy volunteers. 2. Small intestinal motility was studied by means of a constantly perfused multi-channel manometry tube, connected to a computer system. 3. Intravenous infusions of either 5-hydroxytryptamine at increasing doses or saline were given over a period of 4 h. 4. 5-Hydroxytryptamine infusion dose-dependently increased plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine from approximately 2 to 10 and 25 nmol/l respectively, as well as urinary excretions of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, a major 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolite. 5. The number of phase III of the migrating motor complex originating in the small intestine was dose-dependently increased by 5-hydroxytryptamine, and found to correlate to the plasma concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine. The fraction of phase III also increased at the expense of phase II activity. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine increased the motility index, propagation velocity of phase III activity and the amplitude of contractions during phase III. 6. Whereas the low dose of 5-hydroxytryptamine (15 nmol · min−1 · kg−1) had no haemodynamic effects, an increase in heart rate by approximately 20 beats/min, without change in blood pressure, was observed at the higher dose (60 nmol · min−1 · kg−1). Respiratory parameters did not change during infusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine at either dose. 7. In conclusion, elevation of circulating 5-hydroxytryptamine by intravenous infusion results in more frequent and faster propagating migrating motor complexes in the human small intestine during the interdigestive period.

Small intestinal motility in fasted and postprandial states: effect of transient vagosympathetic blockade

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. G301-G308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Chung ◽  
N. E. Diamant
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Entire Small Bowel ◽  
Vagal Blockade ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Gastric Contractions

We investigated vagal control of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and postprandial pattern of the canine small intestine. Gastric and small intestinal motility were monitored in six conscious dogs. The vagosympathetic nerves, previously isolated in bilateral skin loops, were blocked by cooling. To feed, a meat-based liquid food was infused by tube into the gastric fundus. MMC phases I, II, III, and IV were observed in the fasted state. On feeding, the fed pattern appeared quickly in the proximal small bowel but was delayed distally. Vagal blockade abolished all gastric contractions and spiking activity as well as the small bowel fed pattern. During vagal blockade, the small bowel exhibited MMC-like migrating bursts of spikes in both the fasted and fed states. The migration and cycling of these bursts were not significantly different from the MMC, but the duodenal and jejunal phase II was absent or shortened. On termination of vagal blockade, normal fasting or fed activity reappeared but with a delay in the fed pattern distally. We conclude: the ileum is the least sensitive to vagal blockade; the fasting vagal influence is exerted primarily on phases I and II of the duodenal and jejunal MMC; the fed pattern throughout the entire small bowel is normally dependent upon vagal integrity; the phase III-like bursts of activity seen during vagal blockade likely represents the intrinsic small bowel MMC, which is vagally independent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Small Intestinal Motility in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Sato ◽  
Takahiro Kudo ◽  
Nobuyasu Arai ◽  
Reiko Kyodo ◽  
Kenji Hosoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background: The correlation between small intestinal motility alteration and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not well evaluated. Aims: To assess the small intestinal and colonic transits in an IBS rat model with restraint stress and determine the role of small intestinal motility in the IBS pathophysiology.Methods: Restraint stress was utilized to make adolescent IBS rat models that were evaluated for clinical symptoms, including stool frequency and diarrhea. The small intestinal motility and transit rate were also evaluated. The amounts of mRNA encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone, mast cell, and serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptor 3a were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the 5-HT expression was evaluated using immunostaining.Results: Restraint stress significantly increased the number of fecal pellet outputs, stool water content, and small intestinal motility in the IBS rat models. There was no difference in real-time PCR results, but immunostaining analysis revealed that 5-HT expression in the small intestine was significantly increased in the IBS rat models.Conclusions: In the adolescent rat model of IBS with restraint stress, we observed an increase in small intestinal and colonic motility. In the small intestine, enhanced 5-HT secretion in the distal portion may be involved in increasing the small intestinal motility.

scholarly journals Evidence that nitric oxide mechanisms regulate small intestinal motility in humans

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Russo ◽  
R Fraser ◽  
K Adachi ◽  
M Horowitz ◽  
G Boeckxstaens
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

BackgroundNon-cholinergic non-adrenergic neural mechanisms involving nerves containing NO have been shown to modulate smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, and it has been suggested that release from tonic NO inhibition may be important in the regulation of cyclical fasting small intestinal motility.AimsTo evaluate the role of NO mechanisms in the regulation of fasting small intestinal motor activity in humans using a specific NO synthase inhibitor,NG-monomethyl-l-arginine ( l-NMMA).MethodsIn seven healthy male volunteers, duodenal and jejunal pressures were measured for four hours with a nine lumen manometric catheter. Volunteers attended on four separate days on which they received an intravenous infusion of either saline or l-NMMA (0.5, 2, or 4 mg/kg/h) in random order. Intravenous infusions began 10 minutes after completion of phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC).ResultsThe first episode of phase III activity occurred earlier after infusion of 2 and 4 mg/kg/h l-NMMA than after infusion of 0.5 mg/kg/hl-NMMA or saline (mean (95% confidence interval) 52 (36–68) and 57 (18–97) v 116 (69–193) and 145 (64–226) minutes respectively) with a resultant MMC cycle length of 82 (59–105) and 86 (46–126) v 132 (49–198) and 169 (98–240) minutes respectively. The total number of phase III activities during the four hour recording was increased (p<0.05) by l-NMMA at a dose of 4 mg/kg/h (2 (1–3)) but not at 2 mg/kg/h (1.5 (1–2)) or 0.5 mg/kg/h (1.3 (1–2)) compared with saline (1.3 (0.6–2)). l-NMMA had no effect on the duration, velocity, number of contractions per minute, length of migration, or site of origin of phase III of the MMC. The duration of phase I activity was shorter (p<0.05) with 4 mg/kg/hl-NMMA than with saline (12 (1–23)v 31 (19–44) minutes).ConclusionsThese observations suggest that NO mechanisms play a role in the regulation of fasting small intestinal motor activity in humans.

Motor patterns of small intestine determined by closely spaced extraluminal transducers and videofluoroscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. G259-G267 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Ehrlein ◽  
M. Schemann ◽  
M. L. Siegle
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Retrograde Transport ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Enterogastric Reflux ◽  
Propagating Contractions ◽  
Propagation Velocities

In the canine small intestine several simple (S) and complex (C) patterns of propulsive and nonpropulsive activities were found. The nonpropulsive activity consisted of 1) stationary individual contractions (S) and 2) stationary clusters of contractions (C). Patterns leading to aboral propulsion of luminal contents were 1) propagating contractions (S), 2) propagating power contractions (S), 3) phase III of the migrating motor complex (C), and 4) migrating clusters of contractions (C). The propagation velocities of the propulsive motor patterns differed markedly; they increased in the following order: phase III, migrating clustered contractions, propagating power contractions, propagating contractions. A retrograde transport of luminal contents was produced by two different activities: 1) retrograde propagating contractions (S) and 2) retrograde power contractions (S). They were accompanied with enterogastric reflux.

Vagal innervation modulates motor pattern but not initiation of canine gastric migrating motor complex

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. G283-G292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Tanaka ◽  
Michael L. Kendrick ◽  
Nicholas J. Zyromski ◽  
Tobias Meile ◽  
Michael G. Sarr
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vagal Nerves ◽  
Vagal Innervation ◽  
Interdigestive Motility

To determine the role of vagal nerves in initiation and modulation of the gastric migrating motor complex (MMC), motor activity was recorded in four dogs before and after total abdominal vagotomy during fasting, after exogenous intravenous motilin and insulin, and after feeding. After vagotomy, a temporally coordinated cyclic gastric and small bowel MMC persisted with an unchanged period. During gastric phase III, vagotomy decreased number of contractions (42 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 2), number of groupings of contractions (14 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 1), and motility index (12 ± 1 vs. 10 ± 1) and increased the duration between groupings (1 ± 1 vs. 3 ± 1 min) ( P< 0.05 in each). Before and after vagotomy, motilin and insulin induced a premature MMC with minor changes in contractile pattern. A 200-g liver meal but not a 50-g liver meal inhibited the gastric MMC after vagotomy. A cyclic MMC persisted after vagotomy, but the contractile pattern during gastric phase III was altered. After a short recovery period, vagal innervation to the stomach modulates the pattern but not the presence of gastric interdigestive motility during phase III.

Sonographic demonstration of human small intestinal migrating motor complex phase III

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
C. J. Liu ◽  
S. C. Huang ◽  
Y. C. Huang ◽  
C. Y. Liu ◽  
H. I. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Sonographic Demonstration

Absence of synchrony between human small intestinal migrating motor complex and rectal motor complex

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. G171-G172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
P. D. Thompson ◽  
D. L. Wingate
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Small Intestinal

Both the human small intestine and rectum exhibit motor activity in which relatively brief bursts of powerful regular contractions recur with a similar periodicity. We used prolonged ambulant manometry to test the hypothesis that these activities are synchronous. Pressure activity from the duodenojejunum and the rectum was recorded continuously for 24 h in eight freely ambulant healthy adults. A total of 61 migrating motor complexes and 61 rectal motor complexes occurred in the group; the median periodicities of the two rhythms differed significantly (P = 0.025). There was no evidence of synchrony between the two biorhythms. We conclude that they are independent oscillations.

Effect of toxigenic Escherichia coli on myoelectric activity of small intestine.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Burns ◽  
J R Mathias ◽  
G M Carlson ◽  
J L Martin ◽  
R P Shields
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Rabbit Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Potential Complex

When exposed to cholera toxin (CT), distal ileal loops of the rabbit small intestine showed an alteration in myoelectric activity. This alteration was defined as the migrating action potential complex (MAPC). The purpose of this study was to determine, using myoelectric recording techniques, the effects of live toxigenic Escherichia coli (TEC) on motility. Live TEC, live nontoxigenic E. coli (NTEC), and culture filtrates of these organisms were studied. Live TEC and its filtrate induced MAPC activity similar to that of CT. Live TEC induced a mean of 3.8 MAPCs/h, significantly greater than induced by live NTEC. TEC filtrate induced a mean of 14.2 MAPCs/h, significantly greater than NTEC filtrate. Heating the TEC filtrate to 100 degrees C before use resulted in a significant decrease of MAPC activity. This experiment demonstrated that live TEC and its culture filtrate altered ileal myoelectric activity. The effect may have been mediated by a heat-labile enterotoxin. This study suggests that alterations in small intestinal motility may be important in the pathogenesis of TEC diarrhea.

Computational model of the migrating motor complex of the small intestine

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. G564-G572 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Thomas ◽  
H. Sjövall ◽  
J. C. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Migrating Motor Complex ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Motor Complex ◽  
Local Circuits ◽  
Adjacent Segments

The migrating motor complex (MMC) is a cyclic motor pattern with several phases enacted over the entire length of the small intestine. This motor pattern is initiated and coordinated by the enteric nervous system and modulated by extrinsic factors. Because in vitro preparations of the MMC do not exist, it has not been possible to determine the intrinsic nerve circuits that manage this motor pattern. We have used computer simulation to explore the possibility that the controlling circuit is the network of AH/Dogiel type II (AH) neurons. The basis of the model is that recurrent connections between AH neurons cause local circuits to enter a high-firing-rate state that provides the maximal motor drive observed in phase III of the MMC. This also drives adjacent segments of the network causing slow migration. Delayed negative feedback within the circuit, provided by activity-dependent synaptic depression, forces the network to return to rest after passage of phase III. The anal direction of propagation is a result of slight anal bias observed in projections of AH neurons. The model relates properties of neurons to properties of the MMC cycle: phase III migration speed is governed by neuron excitability, MMC cycle length is governed by the rate of recovery of synaptic efficacy, and phase III duration is governed by duration of slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials in AH neurons. In addition, the model makes experimental predictions that can be tested using standard techniques.

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