Comparison of the Effects on Urinary Sodium Excretion of Indomethacin and of Carbidopa in normal Volunteers given an Intravenous Saline Infusion

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
G. S. Stokes ◽  
J. C. Monaghan ◽  
D. N. Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Intravenous Saline ◽  
Urinary Dopamine ◽  
Natriuretic Effect ◽  
Renal Tubular

1. Dopamine and prostaglandins are putative endogenous natriuretic hormones. The role of each in facilitating natriuresis induced by intravenous saline infusion was examined in normal volunteers in relation to administration of carbidopa, a dopadecarboxylase inhibitor, and indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase. 2. In a placebo-controlled, randomized study, 13 subjects received carbidopa (100 mg) and 12 received indomethacin (50 mg). Proximal and distal renal tubular Na+ reabsorption were determined using exogenous lithium clearance. 3. On the control day, 2 litres of 0.9% saline (308 mmol Na+) given intravenously in 3 h, resulted in volume expansion and natriuresis. Carbidopa reduced the urinary dopamine/noradrenaline ratio but showed no anti-natriuretic effect and no effect on fractional Na+ reabsorption. Indomethacin diminished natriuresis and increased distal fractional Na+ reabsorption in proportion to the anti-natriuretic effect. 4. The changes in plasma concentrations of albumin, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide and renin activity associated with volume expansion were not modified by either carbidopa or indomethacin. Urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion was decreased transiently by indomethacin and was unaffected by carbidopa. 5. This study suggests that prostaglandins may modulate urinary Na+ excretion during saline-induced natriuresis through inhibition of distal tubular Na+ reabsorption. No role for free dopamine as a modulator of renal Na+ handling could be assigned on the basis of the findings with carbidopa.

Kinetics of intravenous saline infusion and selective IgG removal in rabbits

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. R816-R826
Author(s):  
L. C. Smeby ◽  
B. Charlton ◽  
K. Schindhelm
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Igg Binding ◽  
Intravenous Saline ◽  
Kinetics Of

Selective removal of approximately 60% of the plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) mass in conscious rabbits was studied and compared with similar procedures combined with intravenous saline infusions equal to 7.5% body weight. Plasma concentrations of 125I-IgG and endogenous IgG were employed in model analysis to examine if saline infusions could be used to shift IgG from extra- to intravascular pool, thereby making more protein available for removal by extracorporeal plasma treatment. After IgG removal, the fractional metabolic clearance and the extra- to intravascular transfer coefficient were 40-50% lower than before IgG removal, and model simulations indicated that this may be caused by IgG binding. Saline infusion resulted in 40% more IgG mass in plasma 24 h after treatment compared with procedures without saline. Model analysis indicated that the increased IgG mass in plasma after saline procedures could be explained by a three- to fourfold increase in lymphatic clearance. Crystalloid infusions may be a method to increase the efficacy of repeated plasma exchange treatment.

Dopaminergic regulation of natriuretic response to acute volume expansion in dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McClanahan ◽  
J. R. Sowers ◽  
F. W. J. Beck ◽  
P. K. Mohanty ◽  
T. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Decarboxylase Inhibitor ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Solution Saline ◽  
Dopaminergic Regulation

1. Effects of carbidopa, a dopa (3,4-dihydroxy-phenylamine) decarboxylase inhibitor, on the renal, haemodynamic and hormonal responses to acute volume expansion were examined in six healthy mongrel dogs which were infused intravenously with 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline; 30 ml h−1 kg−1) over 2 h. 2. Saline infusion studies were performed in the absence (control) and in the presence of carbidopa given by nasogastric tube in a dose of 1 mg/kg every 8 h beginning 24 h before the infusion. 3. Saline infusion resulted in an increase in renal excretion of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethylamine) and a decrease in renal excretion of noradrenaline. 4. Carbidopa treatment decreased urinary sodium excretion and eliminated the increase in renal production of dopamine in response to saline infusion without affecting renal or haemodynamic response to acute vascular volume expansion with saline. 5. Carbidopa treatment obliterated the suppression of aldosterone produced by saline infusion. 6. Thus, dopamine appears to play a significant role in mediating both the natriuretic and aldosterone response to acute volume expansion.

Atrial natriuretic peptide – cyclic GMP coupling and urinary sodium excretion during acute volume expansion in man

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe A. Sagnella ◽  
Donald R. J. Singer ◽  
Nirmala D. Markandu ◽  
Graham A. MacGregor ◽  
David G. Shirley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The present study examines hormonal and renal responses to acute volume expansion in normal man, with particular emphasis on the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) – cyclic GMP coupling. Two liters of isotonic saline were infused into eight normotensive male subjects over a 1-h period. Plasma and urinary measurements were made before, during, and up to 300 min after the start of the saline infusion. With the initial increase in urinary sodium excretion there were increases in plasma ANP and plasma cyclic GMP, which reached maximum levels at 15 min after the end of the saline infusion. Urinary cyclic GMP increased gradually during saline infusion up to approximately 60 min after the end of the infusion. Plasma ANP and plasma and urinary cyclic GMP excretion gradually declined thereafter. By contrast, urinary sodium excretion remained elevated up to the end of the observation period. The saline infusion was associated with marked reductions in plasma renin activity and aldosterone, which persisted up to the end of the study. These results suggest a coupling between the increases in plasma ANP, the production of cyclic GMP, and urinary sodium excretion, in particular during the initial renal response to acute volume expansion. However, other mechanisms including the suppression of the rennin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may become increasingly important in the later natriuretic response to acute volume expansion.Key words: atrial natriuretic peptide, cyclic GMP, sodium, renal, human.

Effects of saline and albumin on plasma and urinary catecholamines in dogs

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. F123-F127 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Faucheux ◽  
N. T. Buu ◽  
O. Kuchel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Plasma Volume Expansion ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Urinary Dopamine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
And Control

Volume expansion by infusion of saline and 25% albumin has been compared in dogs to differentiate volume- and salt-induced catecholamine changes previously observed in humans. Plasma and urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) decreased following both saline (urinary) NE+E, from 17.3 +/- 3.4 to 6.8 +/- 1.5 ng/min; P less than 0.005) and albumin (from 29.9 +/- 3.4 to 12.5 +/- 2; P less than 0.001) infusion. Urinary dopamine increased in saline-expanded dogs (from 3.4 +/- 0.6 to 4.4 +/- 0.8 ng/min, P less than 0.05), but did not significantly change in control and albumin-expanded dogs; whereas plasma free dopamine remained uninfluenced by saline or albumin. The mean renal clearance of dopamine more than doubled (from 110 +/- 37 to 272 +/- 96 ml/min; P less than 0.05) in response to saline expansion, but did not significantly change in response to albumin expansion or in control animals. A significant correlation between the increase of urinary dopamine and the tubular rejection fraction of sodium was found in saline-expanded dogs (P less than 0.05), or when all experiments (saline, albumin expansion, and control dogs) were considered together (P less than 0.001). The data indicate that : 1) the increase in urinary dopamine excretion (concomitant with sodium excretion) is related to the saline infusion rather than to the suppression of the sympathetic nervous system induced by plasma volume expansion; 2) this increased urinary dopamine originates probably in the kidney. Dopamine may thus be somehow related to regulation of urinary sodium excretion, either as an endogenous natriuretic factor or a response reflecting natriuresis.

scholarly journals Dr Thomas Latta: the father of intravenous infusion therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S3-S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil MacGillivray
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Cholera Epidemic ◽  
New Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Saline

The paper reviews the work of Dr Thomas Latta who during the cholera epidemic of 1831—32 pioneered the use of intravenous saline infusion in the treatment of cholera. The reaction of the medical profession to this new therapy is described and the reasons for the profession’s failure to acknowledge the importance of this advance is analysed. The reasons why the name of Thomas Latta and his contribution did not survive his death in 1833 are discussed and the contributions of twentieth century scholars in remembering his work are highlighted.

Cholecystokinin is a Satiety Hormone in Humans at Physiological Post-Prandial Plasma Concentrations

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ballinger ◽  
Lorraine McLoughlin ◽  
Sami Medbak ◽  
Michael Clark
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cholecystokinin ◽  
Satiety Hormone

1. Intravenous infusions of the brain/gut hormone, cholecystokinin, have been shown to reduce food intake in a subsequent test meal. However, in previous studies the doses administered were large and likely to have produced plasma concentrations far in excess of the normal post-prandial range. 2. In this study cholecystokinin-8 was infused intravenously to six healthy subjects in doses that reproduced physiological post-prandial concentrations. Plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin were measured using a novel sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. The effect of cholecystokinin-8 infusion on subsequent food intake in a standard test meal was compared with the effect of saline infusion in the same subjects. 3. Food intake (mean ± SEM) was significantly less during cholecystokinin (5092 ± 665 kJ) than during saline infusion (6418 ± 723 kJ, P = 0.03). During cholecystokinin infusion, plasma concentrations increased from 0.45 ± 0.06 pmol/l to 7.28 ± 2.43 pmol/l immediately before the meal. With saline infusion there was no premeal increase in plasma cholecystokinin concentration. 4. This paper describes a novel radioimmunoassay for measurement of plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin. Using this assay we have demonstrated that cholecystokinin is important in control of satiety in humans.

scholarly journals Pulmonary gas exchange following rapid intravenous saline infusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kim Prisk ◽  
I. Mark Olfert ◽  
Tatsuya J Arai ◽  
Richard M Hinds ◽  
Kun Lun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Saline

Abstract 14004: Pharmacodynamic Profiles of Ticagrelor in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Escalating Loading Dose Regimens

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Franchi ◽  
Fabiana Rollini ◽  
Jung Rae Cho ◽  
Mona Bhatti ◽  
Christopher DeGroat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
St Elevation

Background: Pharmacodynamic (PD) studies have shown that in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), ticagrelor is associated with suboptimal platelet inhibition and elevated rates of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) in the early hours after loading dose (LD) administration. Impaired absorption affecting drug pharmacokinetics (PK) has been hypothesized as a contributing factor suggesting increasing LD regimens to improve PK/PD profiles. To date there are no randomized studies which have investigated the PK/PD effects of escalating ticagrelor LD regimens in patients undergoing PPCI. Methods: In this prospective, randomized study, STEMI patients undergoing PPCI (n=52) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive 180mg, 270mg or 360mg LD of ticagrelor. PK and PD analysis were performed before and at 6 time points after LD. PD assessments included P2Y 12 reaction units (PRU) measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 and platelet reactivity index (PRI) measured by VASP. PK assessments included plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and its metabolite AR-C124910XX. Results: At baseline there were no differences in platelet reactivity between groups. At 2 hrs (primary endpoint), there were no differences in PRU between groups (p=0.54). There were no differences in PRU between groups during the overall study time course (p=0.17; Figure). Accordingly, HPR (PRU>208) at 2 hrs was observed in 30% of patients and was not reduced by escalating ticagrelor LD regimens. Consistent PD findings were observed with VASP-PRI. PK data tracked PD results, with a non-dose related delay in peak plasma concentrations of both ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX, particularly in HPR patients. Conclusions: In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, increasing the LD regimen of ticagrelor did not translate into more prompt or potent P2Y 12 inhibition, which is attributed to impaired absorption in the early hours after drug administration.

Indication of Treatment For Children And Adolescents With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome By Intravenous Saline Infusion

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitoki Yanagimoto ◽  
Yuko Ishizaki ◽  
Yoko Nakai ◽  
Miki Minami ◽  
Rinako Tamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
Postural Tachycardia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intravenous Saline ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standing Test

Abstract Background: Intravenous saline infusion is considered effective for the treatment of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in adults. However, few studies have assessed the efficacy of intravenous saline infusion for POTS in children and adolescents. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous saline infusion in children and adolescents with POTS.Methods: A total of 107 children with POTS (median age: 13 years, range: 10–15 years) were enrolled. Eighty-eight children were in the intravenous saline infusion group and 19 children were in the comparison group. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR) were recorded before and after standing. A standing test was performed early in the morning for 2 consecutive days. A volume of 1.5 L of saline was administered intravenously to each participant in the intervention group for a mean duration of 17 hours between the two standing tests.Results: The mean change in PR was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the comparison group during the second test (36.9 vs. 52.8 beats/minute, p<0.001). Additionally, the mean change in PR was significantly lower in the second test than in the first test (44.7 beats/minute) in the intervention group (p<0.001). However, the mean change in systolic BP was not different before and after intravenous saline infusion between the two groups or between the two tests in each group.Conclusion: Intravenous saline infusion reduces the increased PR on standing in children with POTS. Intravenous saline infusion improves tachycardia in children with POTS when standing.

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