Recovery of 13CO2 and 14CO2 in Human Bicarbonate Studies: A Critical Review with Original Data

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. C. Leijssen ◽  
M. Elia
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Scintillation Fluid ◽  
Rest And Exercise

1. In order to establish biological and/or methodological explanations for the wide variability in recovery (50–100%) of labelled CO2 after administration of [13C]bicarbonate or [14C]bicarbonate, 34 human bicarbonate studies involving 480 subjects were analysed, and potential methodological issues were investigated in the laboratory. 2. Overall, continuous infusion studies reported a higher recovery than bolus studies (84 ± 11% versus 69 ± 12%; P < 0.001). No significant differences in recovery were found between 14C and 13C studies, children and adults, obese and lean subjects, or rest and exercise (steady state). Higher recoveries were found during feeding than during fasting (84 ± 8% versus 74 ± 7%; P < 0.001). Different methods used to analyse the results (0–10%) and different study protocols, which include differences in the duration of infusions and background drift in 13C enrichment (0–10%), contribute to the variability. 3. The laboratory studies suggest multiple sources of potential error, including loss of CO2 from the scintillation fluid (up to >30%, but only in 14C studies in which the scintillation fluid is not alkalized), diffusion of CO2 through syringes and tubing (0 to > 10%), non-linearity of CO2 analysers (up to 8%), inaccuracies in the measurement of bicarbonate concentrations (13C studies) or the strength of CO2-trapping agents (14C studies; 0–8%). 4. It is concluded that much of the variability in the recovery of labelled bicarbonate is likely to be attributable to methodological differences, and that attention to these will ensure better interpretation of metabolic studies that involve oxidation of carbon-labelled substrates.

Construction of a multi-source heterogeneous hybrid platform for big data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yiding Liu ◽  
Minna Xia
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Fire Monitoring ◽  
Data Platform

Big data is featured by multiple sources and heterogeneity. Based on the big data platform of Hadoop and spark, a hybrid analysis on forest fire is built in this study. This platform combines the big data analysis and processing technology, and learns from the research results of different technical fields, such as forest fire monitoring. In this system, HDFS of Hadoop is used to store all kinds of data, spark module is used to provide various big data analysis methods, and visualization tools are used to realize the visualization of analysis results, such as Echarts, ArcGIS and unity3d. Finally, an experiment for forest fire point detection is designed so as to corroborate the feasibility and effectiveness, and provide some meaningful guidance for the follow-up research and the establishment of forest fire monitoring and visualized early warning big data platform. However, there are two shortcomings in this experiment: more data types should be selected. At the same time, if the original data can be converted to XML format, the compatibility is better. It is expected that the above problems can be solved in the follow-up research.

Epidemiology of Rett Syndrome: A Population-Based Registry

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Kozinetz ◽  
Martha L. Skender ◽  
Nancy MacNaughton ◽  
Mary Jane Almes ◽  
Rebecca J. Schultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rett Syndrome ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Biologic Marker ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Population Based Registry

The Texas Rett Syndrome Registry maintains the largest population-based registry of cases and potential cases of Rett syndrome in the world. The most precise estimate of the prevalence of Rett syndrome of 1 per 22800 (0.44/10000) females aged 2 through 18 years of age was generated from this Registry. In addition, the first prevalence figures for black and Hispanic female cases were estimated. Registry cases are actively ascertamed from multiple sources. Registry staff identify presumptive cases from review of information provided to the Registry by the parent or guardian. Preliminary diagnostic evaluation includes standardized review of medical records and videotape of key behaviors. Diagnosis is confirmed at clinical evaluation. The active surveillance system is monitored with the two-source capture-recapture methodology and case ascertainment is projected. The 1990 prevalence estimate of Rett syndrome indicates that the syndrome occurs less frequently than previously estimated. Until a biologic marker for Rett syndrome is identified or a standard definition for an incident case of Rett syndrome is designated, the prevalence of Rett syndrome will remain a major investigative issue of its epidemiology, and the Registry will be an important, systematic mean to gather case material for clinical and laboratory studies providing the foundation for the development of preventive interventions.

Effect of mild hypoxia on ventilation during exercise

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Hornbein ◽  
Albert Roos
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Neural Discharge ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Mild Hypoxia ◽  
Rest And Exercise

Hypoxia of mild degree (PaOO2 above 60 mm Hg) produces little or no ventilatory response in resting man during the steady state. To evaluate the possibility that the effectiveness of a hypoxic chemoreceptor drive might be enhanced by exercise, the ventilatory response to mild hypoxia was measured in two human subjects during rest and exercise. Though no significant increase in ventilation occurred at rest above a PaOO2 of 60 mm Hg, a decrease in PaOO2from 100 to 94 mm Hg produced a statistically significant increase in steady state ventilation during moderate exercise. In addition, temporary block of the sympathetic innervation to the carotid and aortic bodies in one subject resulted in a diminution of work hyperpnea. This suggests that increased sympathetic tone during exercise, by reducing blood flow through the chemoreceptors, might result in increased neural discharge and hence increased ventilation even though arterial POO2 is the same as at rest. Thus, activity of the chemoreceptors as modified by sympathetic control of their blood supply may be an important determinant of the ventilatory response to exercise. Since work hyperpnea is enhanced by even mild hypoxia, this ventilatory response may be sufficient to initiate respiratory acclimatization to altitudes so low that resting ventilation on acute exposure is unaffected. Submitted on July 31, 1961

scholarly journals A critical literature review on emotional intelligence in addiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Pereira Leite ◽  
Fernanda de Marzio Pestana Martins ◽  
Alisson Paulino Trevizol ◽  
Julio Ricardo de Souza Noto ◽  
Elisa Brietzke
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Critical Literature

Abstract Introduction Emotional intelligence (EI) has been defined as the ability to perceive, understand, use and manage emotions. Studying EI could potentially be useful in understanding addictive behaviors as well as for designing and planning interventions. Objectives To conduct a critical review on EI impairment in addiction disorders. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, LILACS, and SciELO databases were searched. Articles that used the standardized Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) instrument to assess EI in people with addictions and healthy controls were selected for the review. Results We selected seven articles assessing EI and its associations with addiction disorders, mainly alcohol abuse and cocaine dependence. Most studies reported that individuals with addiction disorders had worse EI scores when compared to controls. Conclusion Overall, the studies reviewed demonstrated that addictions are associated with EI deficits, compared to controls. However, aspects such as the small number of addictive disorders analyzed, methodological issues related to instruments for assessment of IE and the lack of follow-up remain significant limitations.

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