Effect of Glucocorticosteroid Treatment on β-Adrenoceptor Subtype Function in Adipocytes from Patients with Asthma

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signy Reynisdottir ◽  
Hans Wahrenberg ◽  
Gunnar Bylin ◽  
Peter Arner
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Function

1. Adrenoceptor subtype function was studied in isolated adipocytes obtained by subcutaneous fat biopsies from nine patients with mild asthma. The biopsies were taken before and after 7 days treatment with 25 mg of prednisolone given orally. Lipolytic activity after stimulation with various adrenergic agents was measured, using glycerol release as an index of lipolysis. The number of β1- and β2-adrenoceptor binding sites was determined in radioligand binding experiments and β1- and β2-adrenoceptor mRNA levels were measured with a solution hybridization assay. 2. Lipolytic sensitivity (ED50) to isoprenaline, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor agonist, increased 50-fold after treatment (P = 0.04). Sensitivity to terbutaline, a selective β2-adrenoceptor agonist, increased 25-fold (P =0.01), whereas the ED50 values for dobutamine, a selective β1-adrenoceptor agonist, did not change significantly. Likewise, the sensitivity to the α2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, and to the drugs acting at post-receptor levels did not change significantly. Basal and maximum lipolytic rates on stimulation were not altered by the treatment. 3. The number of β2-adrenoceptor binding sites increased by 60% after treatment (P <0.05), whereas the β1-adrenoceptor binding sites were not affected. The affinity of each receptor subtype for the displacing ligand, ICI 118.551, was not significantly altered by steroids. No significant changes were demonstrated in either β1- or β2-adrenoceptor mRNA levels. 4. Thus, glucocorticoids selectively increase β2-adrenoceptor density and function in patients with asthma, studied by using subcutaneous fat cells as an experimental model.

Acute and chronic regulation of α2-adrenoceptor number and function in man

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (s10) ◽  
pp. 129s-132s ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Jones ◽  
C. A. Hamilton ◽  
K. F. Whyte ◽  
H. L. Elliott ◽  
J. L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Α2 Adrenoceptor ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
Receptor Inactivation ◽  
And Function

1. Agonist regulation of platelet α2-adrenoceptors was examined in human volunteers after acute elevations of adrenoceptor agonist and during chronic elevation of plasma catecholamines in two patients with phaeochromocytoma. 2. Platelet α2-adrenoceptor number was measured by radioligand binding ([3H]yohimbine) and α2-adrenoceptor function measured by turbidimetric platelet aggregation. 3. Short term infusion of adrenoceptor agonists with α2 activity caused reductions in the platelet response to adrenaline in vitro; conversely an increase in activity was observed postoperatively in two patients after removal of phaeochromocytoma. 4. The changes in platelet response were not accompanied by changes in α2-adrenoceptor number. 5. It is proposed that a process of receptor inactivation occurs during desensitization and this is responsible for the dynamic regulation of platelet responses.

Desensitization of platelet α2-adrenoceptors after short term infusions of adrenoceptor agonist in man

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Jones ◽  
M. Giembcyz ◽  
C. A. Hamilton ◽  
I. W. Rodger ◽  
K. Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Α2 Adrenoceptor ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
And Function

1. The effect of intravenous infusion of catecholamines and related drugs on human platelet α2-adrenoceptor number and function was investgated. 2. Short (60–120 min) infusions of catecholamines with α2 agonist activity in vivo produced attenuation of the platelet responses to adrenaline in vitro. This desensitization was specific for the adrenaline induced aggregatory response. 3. The maximum number of [3H]yohimbine binding sites on platelets was not altered by adrenaline infusion. 4. The ability of adrenaline to reduce platelet cyclic AMP levels was significantly reduced after the infusions. 5. Acute infusions of α2-adrenoceptor agonists may alter the coupling of the platelet α2-adrenoceptor to adenylate cyclase.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

EFEITOS DO DEEP RUNNING SOBRE A AMPLITUDE DE MOVIMENTO E A CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DOS MEMBROS SUPERIORES DE MULHERES MASTECTOMIZADAS: RELATO DE CASOS

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in Brazil and in the worl. The surgical treatment procedure may cause severe morbidity in the upper limb homolateral to surgery, including the reduction of the range of motion, with consequent impairment of function. A physiotherapeutic approach has an important role in the recover range of motion and the functionality of these women, guaranteeing the occupational, domestestic, familiar and conjugated activities, and, in this way, also improving the quality of life. Objectives: To analyse chances in the shoulder's range of motion and the functional capacity of the upper limbs, promoted by the deep running procedure in women with late postoperative mastectomy. Methods: All the patients were submitted to an evaluation in the beginning and end of the treatment, including: goniometry of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint; and function capacity analysis in activities that involve the upper members by DASH questionnaire. The treatment protocol includes twelve sessions of deep running, realized twice a week, in deep pool, for 20-minute during six weeks. Results: Were submitted to treatment a total of 4 patients. Despite the improvement in the numerical values, statistically significant differences were not found on the range of movements and in the functional capacity of upper members before and after the deep running sessions in post-mastectomy women. Conclusion: Deep running had effects on the numerical values of range of movement and upper limb functionality in women in the late postoperative period of the mastectomy procedure, but without statistically significant differences.

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Injury Increases Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Kidney at Acute and Sub-chronic Stages

Inflammation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangrila Parvin ◽  
Clintoria R. Williams ◽  
Simone A. Jarrett ◽  
Sandra M. Garraway
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract— Accumulating evidence supports that spinal cord injury (SCI) produces robust inflammatory plasticity. We previously showed that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is increased in the spinal cord after SCI. SCI also induces a systemic inflammatory response that can impact peripheral organ functions. The kidney plays an important role in maintaining cardiovascular health. However, SCI-induced inflammatory response in the kidney and the subsequent effect on renal function have not been well characterized. This study investigated the impact of high and low thoracic (T) SCI on C-fos, TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expression in the kidney at acute and sub-chronic timepoints. Adult C57BL/6 mice received a moderate contusion SCI or sham procedures at T4 or T10. Uninjured mice served as naïve controls. mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and C-fos, and TNFα and C-fos protein expression were assessed in the kidney and spinal cord 1 day and 14 days post-injury. The mRNA levels of all targets were robustly increased in the kidney and spinal cord, 1 day after both injuries. Whereas IL-6 and TNFα remained elevated in the spinal cord at 14 days after SCI, C-fos, IL-6, and TNFα levels were sustained in the kidney only after T10 SCI. TNFα protein was significantly upregulated in the kidney 1 day after both T4 and T10 SCI. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that SCI induces robust systemic inflammation that extends to the kidney. Hence, the presence of renal inflammation can substantially impact renal pathophysiology and function after SCI.

scholarly journals Restoration of Noradrenergic Function in Parkinson’s Disease Model Mice

ASN NEURO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175909142110097
Author(s):  
Kui Cui ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Turan Tufan ◽  
Muhammad U. Raza ◽  
Yanqiang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
And Function

Dysfunction of the central noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems is the primary neurobiological characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Importantly, neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus (LC) that occurs in early stages of PD may accelerate progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, restoring the activity and function of the deficient noradrenergic system may be an important therapeutic strategy for early PD. In the present study, the lentiviral constructions of transcription factors Phox2a/2b, Hand2 and Gata3, either alone or in combination, were microinjected into the LC region of the PD model VMAT2 Lo mice at 12 and 18 month age. Biochemical analysis showed that microinjection of lentiviral expression cassettes into the LC significantly increased mRNA levels of Phox2a, and Phox2b, which were accompanied by parallel increases of mRNA and proteins of dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the LC. Furthermore, there was considerable enhancement of DBH protein levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as enhanced TH protein levels in the striatum and substantia nigra. Moreover, these manipulations profoundly increased norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations in the striatum, which was followed by a remarkable improvement of the spatial memory and locomotor behavior. These results reveal that over-expression of these transcription factors in the LC improves noradrenergic and dopaminergic activities and functions in this rodent model of PD. It provides the necessary groundwork for the development of gene therapies of PD, and expands our understanding of the link between the LC-norepinephrine and dopamine systems during the progression of PD.

scholarly journals Are Three Weeks of Oral Anticoagulation Sufficient for Safe Cardioversion in Atrial Fibrillation?

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Stefan Naydenov ◽  
Nikolay Runev ◽  
Emil Manov
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Oral Anticoagulation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Baseline Factors ◽  
And Function

Background and Objectives: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), lasting >48 h, considered for cardioversion, are recommended ≥3 weeks of oral anticoagulation before sinus rhythm restoration because of high risk of development of left atrial thrombosis (LAT) and stroke. However, the optimal duration of anticoagulation in the presence of overt LAT is unknown. Materials and Methods: An open-label study aimed to investigate the prevalence of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and LAT before and after 3 weeks of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment. We included 51 consecutive patients (50.9% males), mean age 69.3 ± 7.4 years with paroxysmal/unknown duration of AF, considered for cardioversion, who agreed to have transesophageal echocardiography at enrollment and 3 weeks later. Results: At baseline SEC was present in 26 (50.9%) and LAT in 10 (19.6%) of 51 patients. After 3 weeks on DOAC, SEC persisted in 12 (25.0%) and LAT in 7 (14.5%) of 48 patients, p < 0.05 vs. baseline. Factors, associated most strongly with persistence of SEC/LAT, were left atrial appendage (LAA) emptying velocity <20 cm/s (OR = 2.82), LAA lobes >2 (OR = 1.84), and indexed left atrial volume ≥34 mL/m2 (OR = 1.37). Conclusions: In our study the incidence of SEC/LAT, particularly in AF with unknown duration, was not as low as we expected. The prevalence of SEC/LAT seemed to be dependent on factors not routinely evaluated in AF patients planned for cardioversion (indexed LA volume, LAA morphology and number of lobules, LAA emptying velocity, etc.). Our data suggested an individualized approach for DOAC duration in AF patients before an attempt for restoration of sinus rhythm is made, taking into consideration the LAA morphology and function.

scholarly journals Effect of an Endurance and Strength Mixed Circuit Training on Regional Fat Thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Andrea Casolo ◽  
Matteo Saoncella ◽  
Carlo Bertaggia ◽  
Marco Fantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traditional Resistance Training ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Training Protocol

Accumulation of adipose tissue in specific body areas is related to many physiological and hormonal variables. Spot reduction (SR) is a training protocol aimed to stimulate lipolysis locally, even though this training protocol has not been extensively studied in recent years. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the effect of a circuit-training SR on subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy adults. Methods: Fourteen volunteers were randomly assigned to spot reduction (SR) or to a traditional resistance training (RT) protocol. Body composition via bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue via skinfold and ultrasound were measured before and after eight weeks of training. Results: SR significantly reduced body mass (p < 0.05) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: circuit-training SR may be an efficient strategy to reduce in a localized manner abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue depot.

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