Effects of xylitol- and/or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on septic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salleh ◽  
M. Ardawi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Proteins ◽  
Cumulative Percentage ◽  
Better Than

1. The effects of parenteral nutrition with or without xylitol and/or glutamine supplementation were studied in septic rats after 4 days of treatment. 2. Septic rats treated with xylitol- and/or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition survived sepsis significantly better than other parenteral nutrition-treated septic rats: the cumulative percentage of deaths over 4 days in septic rats treated with xylitol-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition was 9.5% compared with 54.5% in septic rats given parenteral nutrition without xylitol and glutamine, and 52.4% in septic rats treated with parenteral nutrition supplemented with glucose. 3. Xylitol- and/or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition resulted in improved nitrogen balance in septic rats: the cumulative nitrogen balance over the 4 days of treatment was positive in the rats given xylitol-supplemented parenteral nutrition and more positive when rats were treated with xylitol-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition, as compared with other groups of septic rats. 4. The rate of loss of intracellular glutamine in skeletal muscle was markedly decreased (P < 0.001) in response to xylitol- and/or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in septic rats. 5. Hepatic protein and RNA contents were increased in septic rats treated with xylitol- and/or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. Similarly, protein and RNA contents were markedly increased in muscles of septic rats treated with xylitol- and/or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. 6. The rates of incorporation of leucine/tyrosine into liver/muscle proteins in vitro were increased and the rate of muscular tyrosine release was decreased in response to xylitol- and/or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in septic rats. 7. It is concluded that the administration of xylitol- and/ or glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition is beneficial to septic rats and possibly to septic patients.

Effect of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition on septic rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salleh M. Ardawi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Cumulative Percentage ◽  
Better Than

1. The effect of total parenteral nutrition with or without glutamine enrichment was studied in septic rats after 4 days of treatment. 2. Septic rats treated with glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition survived sepsis significantly better than other TPN-treated septic rats: the cumulative percentage of deaths over 4 days in septic rats treated with glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition was 25% compared with 55% in septic rats given total parenteral nutrition without glutamine and 70% in septic rats given glucose. 3. Glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition resulted in improved nitrogen balance in septic rats: the cumulative nitrogen balance over the 4 days of treatment was the least negative as compared with other groups of septic rats. 4. The rate of loss of intracellular glutamine in skeletal muscle was markedly decreased (P < 0.001) in response to glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition in septic rats. 5. The rate of protein synthesis was increased (21.2%) and the rate of protein degradation was decreased (35.5%) in response to glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition in septic rats. 6. It is concluded that the administration of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition is beneficial to septic rats and possibly to septic patients.

Effects of epidermal growth factor and glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on the small bowel of septic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salleh ◽  
M. Ardawi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Treatment ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Growth Factor Treatment

1. The effects of parenteral nutrition with or without glutamine supplementation and epidermal growth factor treatment (0.15 μg/g body weight) was studied in the small bowel of septic rats after 4 days. 2. Septic rats infused with glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition with or without epidermal growth factor treatment survived sepsis significantly better than other septic rats given parenteral nutrition. The cumulative percentage of deaths over 4 days in septic rats infused with glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition was 20% (without epidermal growth factor) and 15% (with epidermal growth factor) compared with 50% in septic rats treated with parenteral nutrition without glutamine and 35% in septic rats given parenteral nutrition without glutamine but with epidermal growth factor treatment. 3. Glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition with or without epidermal growth factor treatment resulted in improved nitrogen balance in septic rats. The cumulative nitrogen balance over the 4 day period was the least negative as compared with other groups of septic rats. 4. Septic rats given parenteral nutrition with glutamine, epidermal growth factor or glutamine and epidermal growth factor exhibited marked increases in intestinal net rates of utilization of glutamine (P < 0.001) and production of ammonia (P < 0.001) compared with septic rats given parenteral nutrition without glutamine and/or epidermal growth factor treatment. 5. Septic rats given parenteral nutrition with glutamine, epidermal growth factor or glutamine and epidermal growth factor exhibited significant increases in jejunal wet weight (by 32.4–40.6%), DNA content (by 24.2–34.7%), protein content (by 29.1–50.0%), villus height (by 16.3–26.4%) and crypt depth (by 20.3–29.6%) compared with other groups of septic rats. 6. The rate of intestinal [3H]thymidine incorporation in vivo and thymidine kinase activity in vitro were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in septic rats given parenteral nutrition with glutamine, epidermal growth factor or glutamine and epidermal growth factor. 7. The activity of jejunal glutamine synthetase was lower (by 66.3–90.0%) in septic rats treated with glutamine, epidermal growth factor or glutamine and epidermal growth factor, whereas glutaminase activity was increased (by 28.1–31.0%) in response to parenteral nutrition supplemented with glutamine only. 8. It is concluded that the administration of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition, with or without epidermal growth factor, is beneficial to the small bowel of septic rats.

Effect of parenteral nutrition on protein turnover in endotoxaemic rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ash ◽  
G. E. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Protein Turnover

1. Intravenous infusion of endotoxin into rats over 18 h caused a reduction in food intake to 20% of normal levels, weight loss, hypoalbuminaemia and a fall in rates of protein synthesis in vivo in heart and skeletal muscle. 2. Measurements of protein turnover in vitro in skeletal muscle of endotoxaemic animals, showed a 50% fall in protein synthesis rates and a 200% increase in rates of protein degradation. 3. Total parenteral nutrition was only partially able to reverse endotoxin-induced weight loss. Total parenteral nutrition did not reverse endotoxin-induced catabolism in cardiac or skeletal muscle, but was able to reverse the catabolism of protein in skeletal muscle produced by starvation. 4. Endotoxin treatment elevated rates of protein synthesis in vivo in liver. The combination of parenteral nutrition and endotoxaemia further increased the rate of protein synthesis in the liver. Parenteral nutrition did not influence endotoxin-induced hypoalbuminaemia.

scholarly journals l-Cysteine and Vitamin D Co-Supplementation Alleviates Markers of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Vitamin D-Deficient High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3406
Author(s):  
Rajesh Parsanathan ◽  
Arunkumar E. Achari ◽  
Prasenjit Manna ◽  
Sushil K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bone Modeling ◽  
Muscle Dystrophy ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Better Than

Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with musculoskeletal disorders. This study examines whether co-supplementation of l-cysteine (LC) and VD is better than monotherapy with LC or VD at alleviating musculoskeletal dyshomeostasis in the skeletal muscle of VD-deficient high-fat diet (HFD-VD-) fed mice. Mice were fed a healthy diet or an HFD; for VD-deficient animals, the mice were maintained on a HFD-VD-diet (16 weeks); after the first 8 weeks, the HFD-VD-diet-fed mice were supplemented for another 8 weeks with LC, VD-alone, or the same doses of LC + VD by oral gavage. Saline and olive oil served as controls. Myotubes were exposed with high-glucose, palmitate, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), to mimic the in vivo microenvironment. In vitro deficiencies of glutathione and hydrogen sulfide were induced by knockdown of GCLC and CSE genes. Relative gene expression of biomarkers (myogenic: MyoD, Mef2c, Csrp3; muscle dystrophy: Atrogin1, Murf1, and Myostatin; bone modeling and remodeling: RANK, RANKL, OPG) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Co-supplementatoin with LC + VD showed beneficial effects on gene expression of myogenic markers and OPG but reduced markers of dystrophy, RANK/RANKL in comparison to LC or VD alone-supplementation. In vitro myotubes treated with glutathione (GSH) precursors also showed a positive effect on OPG and the myogenesis genes, and inhibited RANK/RANKL and muscle-dystrophy markers. This study reveals that the co-supplementation of LC with VD significantly alleviates the markers of musculoskeletal disorders in the skeletal muscle better than monotherapy with LC or VD in HFD-VD-fed mice.

scholarly journals Glutamine Supplementation of Parenteral Nutrition Does Not Improve Intestinal Permeability, Nitrogen Balance, or Outcome in Newborns and Infants Undergoing Digestive-Tract Surgery

2005 ◽  
Vol 241 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel J. I. J. Albers ◽  
Ewout W. Steyerberg ◽  
Frans W. J. Hazebroek ◽  
Marjan Mourik ◽  
Gerard J. J. M. Borsboom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Digestive Tract Surgery

Ultrastructural autoradiography of L6 skeletal-muscle cells exposed to a tritiated macrolide antibiotic (LY237216) in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
S.L. White ◽  
C.B. Jensen ◽  
D.D. Giera ◽  
D.A. Laska ◽  
M.N. Novilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Circle Method ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Polycarbonate Membrane ◽  
L6 Cells ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Erythromycin A

In vitro exposure to LY237216 (9-Deoxo-11-deoxy-9,11-{imino[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylidene]-oxy}-(9S)-erythromycin), a macrolide antibiotic, was found to induce cytoplasmic vacuolation in L6 skeletal muscle myoblast cultures (White, S.L., unpubl). The present study was done to determine, by autoradiographic quantitative analysis, the subcellular distribution of 3H-LY237216 in L6 cells.L6 cells (ATCC, CRL 1458) were cultured to confluency on polycarbonate membrane filters (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA) in M-199 medium (GIBCO® Labs) with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were exposed from the apical surface for 1-hour to unlabelled-compound (0 μCi/ml) or 50 (μCi/ml of 3H-LY237216 at a compound concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. Following a rapid rinse in compound-free growth medium, the cells were slam-frozen against a liquid nitrogen cooled, polished copper block in a CF-100 cryofixation unit (LifeCell Corp., The Woodlands, TX). Specimens were dried in the MDD-C Molecular Distillation Drier (LifeCell Corp.), vapor osmicated and embedded in Spurrs low viscosity resin. Ultrathin sections collected on formvar coated stainless steel grids were counter-stained, then individually mounted on corks. A monolayer of Ilford L4 nuclear emulsion (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) was placed on the sections, utilizing a modified “loop method”. The emulsions were exposed for 7-weeks in a light-tight box at 4°C. Autoradiographs were developed in Microdol-X developer and examined on a Philips EM410LS transmission electron microscope. Quantitative analysis of compound localization employed the point and circle approach of Williams; incorporating the probability circle method of Salpeter and McHenry.

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