Vascular responses and ion exchange in diabetes

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
E. N. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship

The use of erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport as a gold standard, as in the article by Halkin et al. (Clin. Sci. 1991; 81, 223–32) [1], should give rise to disquiet because it has been known for a long time that this parameter is influenced by low-density lipoprotein (LDL), by cholesterol and by saturated fatty acids. Recently, it has been clarified that LDL increases the Vmax of this flux [2]. One has to agree that it is interesting that there is an inverse relationship between the ability to dilate blood vessels and Na+/Li+ exchange in the diabetic patient, but actually the basis for this apparent relationship is already known and it is not quite as direct as the authors might wish to imply. It is not native LDL but oxidized LDL [3] that stops the formation of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) [4], reduces prostacyclin production and even enhances ‘tissue factor' formation by endothelial cells [5]. In fact, the reduced production of EDRF by diabetic patients that is pertinent to atherogenesis can be correlated with a raised plasma level of cholesterol [6] and also with the plasma level of lipid peroxides [7]. In that case there is some basic information missing concerning the effects of lipid peroxides on Na+/Li+ fluxes in erythrocytes. When this is known, it might well explain why this parameter seems to relate to hypertension and/or nephropathy in diabetic patients. Meantime, in a study of this kind [1] we should have been told which of the subjects were smokers, especially as there were two outstanding points on each graph that formed the relationship.

Vascular responses and ion exchange in diabetes: Authors' reply

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
J. M. Ritter ◽  
G. C. Viberti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Sensitivity

1. Na+/Li+ countertransport is not a gold standard, or indeed any other kind of standard. It is a measure of the activity of one particular cation exchanger. 2. There is a large body of literature regarding the effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in experimental animals and in vitro. Whether abnormal oxidized LDL or one of many other possible mechanisms underlies the inverse relationship that we observed between vascular sensitivity in vivo to nitroprusside or carbachol with erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport in diabetic patients remains to be seen. 3. We caution against post hoc subgroup analysis (smokers versus non-smokers, low versus high plasma lipid levels, etc.) in studies of this size.

scholarly journals GLYCATED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
OMAR ABDULWAHID AL-ANI ◽  
ABDURRAHMAN AL-BAZZAZ
Keyword(s):  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diabetes Center

Objective: The importance of measuring the blood level of modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) molecules is an effective method of identifying people at risk of coronary atherosclerosis; this is because, in the early stages of atherosclerosis, lipolysis and oxidative modification have a role in promoting the uptake of these lipids through macrophages; therefore, this research aims to measure the level of glycated LDL (Gly-LDL) in the blood and its association with metabolic parameters of diabetic patients (diabetes mellitus) and non-diabetic (hyperlipidemia). Methods: At a University Diabetes Center in Riyadh, we using routine automatic analysis methods, fasting serum samples were analyzed for 31 patients with Type-2 diabetes and 31 non-diabetic patients for LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, glucose, and triglycerides (TG), and using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze Gly-LDL for the same sample. Results: The level of serum Gly-LDL in non-diabetic was higher than in diabetic patients (p=0.037). Gly-LDL level correlated significantly with LDL in the diabetic group (p=0.035) and was insignificant with other parameters; moreover, it is significantly correlated with HDL (p=0.048), TG (p=0.035), and very LDL (p=0.03) in the non-diabetic group and insignificant with other parameters. Conclusion: Measuring rates of Gly-LDL can be used in the early detection of cardiovascular disease, especially in people with diabetes, as they are more susceptible to modified and oxidized LDL.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein(a) Serum Levels in Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Malaguarnera ◽  
Caterina Gagliano ◽  
Claudio Bucolo ◽  
Marco Vacante ◽  
Salvatore Salomone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Atherogenic lipoproteins, such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, oxidized low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides, are associated with progression of retinopathy.Aim. To evaluate the relationship between lipoprotein(a) and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods. We enrolled 145 diabetic consecutive patients (82 females, 63 males; mean age66.8±12years, mean duration of diabetes9.4±6.8years). Presence and severity of retinopathy were evaluated. Serum lipid profile, including Lp(a) level, was assessed.Results. High Lp(a) levels have been observed in 54 (78.3%) subjects and normal levels in 13 (18.85%) subjects as regards diabetic patients with retinopathy. Lp(a) levels were high in 15 subjects (21.75%) and normal in 63 subjects (91.35%) as regards patients without retinopathy.Conclusions. Lp(a) levels are increased in a significant percentage of patients with retinopathy compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy. The impact of Lp(a) levels on diabetic retinopathy needs to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Levels of Oxidized LDL, Estrogens, and Progesterone in Placenta Tissues and Serum Paraoxonase Activity in Preeclampsia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şerefden Açıkgöz ◽  
Ülkü Özmen Bayar ◽  
Murat Can ◽  
Berrak Güven ◽  
Görkem Mungan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Serum Paraoxonase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serum Pon1 Activity

In vitro literature studies have suggested that atherosclerotic oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) inhibits trophoblast invasion. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of OxLDL and to examine the relationship between antioxidative estradiol, estriol, and prooxidative progestin in normal and preeclamptic placental tissues and measure the serum activity of antioxidative paraoxonase (PON1). The study included 30 preeclamptic and 32 normal pregnant women. OxLDL was determined with ELISA, estradiol, unconjugated estriol, and progesterone that were determined with chemiluminescence method in placental tissues. Serum PON1 activity was determined with spectrophotometric method. Levels of OxLDL (), estriol (), estradiol (), and progesterone () were lower in the placental tissues of preeclamptic group compared to the normal pregnant women. Serum PON1 activity was higher in preeclamptic group () and preeclamptic group without intrauterine growth restriction () compared to normal pregnant women. Tissue estriol of preeclamptic group without/with IUGR (, ) was lower than the normal group. Results of our study suggest that the events leading to fetoplacental insufficiency lead to a reduction in the levels of estriol limit deposition of OxLDL in placental tissues. The serum PON1 activity is probably important in the inhibition of OxLDL in preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Mechanistic aspects of the relationship between low-level chemiluminescence and lipid peroxides in oxidation of low-density lipoprotein

FEBS Letters ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 459 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Albertini ◽  
Giancarlo De Luca ◽  
Giuseppina Palladini ◽  
Alberto Passi ◽  
Gian Vico Melzi d'Eril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Roles of Lipoprotein in Psoriasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ming Shih ◽  
Chang-Cyuan Chen ◽  
Chen-Kuo Chu ◽  
Kuo-Hsien Wang ◽  
Chun-Yao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
The Relationship

The association between psoriasis and cardiovascular disease risk has been supported by recent epidemiological data. Patients with psoriasis have an increased adjusted relative risk for myocardial infarction. As such, the cardiovascular risk conferred by severe psoriasis may be comparable to what is seen with other well-established risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus. Previous studies demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays critical roles during atherogenesis. It may be caused by the accumulation of macrophages and lipoprotein in the vessel wall. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) stimulates the expression of adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, on endothelial cells and increases the attachment of mononuclear cells and the endothelium. Even though previous evidence demonstrated that psoriasis patients have tortuous and dilated blood vessels in the dermis, which results in the leakage of ox-LDL, the leaked ox-LDL may increase the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines, and disturb the static balance of osmosis. Therefore, exploration of the relationship between hyperlipidemia and psoriasis may be another novel treatment option for psoriasis and may represent the most promising strategy.

Systemic inflammation is linked to low arginine and high ADMA plasma levels resulting in an unfavourable NOS substrate-to-inhibitor ratio: the Hoorn Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard P. van der Zwan ◽  
Peter G. Scheffer ◽  
Jacqueline M. Dekker ◽  
Coen D. A. Stehouwer ◽  
Robert J. Heine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Substrate Inhibitor ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
The Relationship

Inflammation is associated with a reduced availability of NO in the vasculature. We investigated the possible involvement of altered levels of the substrate (arginine) and the inhibitor [ADMA (asymmetric ω-NG,NG-dimethylarginine)] of NOS (NO synthase). Plasma concentrations of arginine and ADMA, the inflammatory markers CRP (C-reactive protein) and MPO (myeloperoxidase), and oxLDL [oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein)] were measured in 369 male and 377 female participants (aged 50–87 years) of a population-based cohort study. The arginine/ADMA ratio decreased significantly across increasing tertiles of CRP and MPO. These negative associations remained significant in a linear regression model with both MPO (P=0.002) and CRP (P<0.001) as independent variables and adjusted for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. In a fully adjusted regression model, MPO was positively associated with ADMA {5.4 [95% CI (confidence interval), 1.3–9.4] nmol/l change of ADMA per S.D. increase in MPO; P=0.010}, whereas CRP was not (P=0.36). Conversely, in a fully adjusted model, CRP was negatively associated with arginine [−2.8 (95% CI, −4.0 to −1.6) μmol/l arginine per S.D. of CRP; P<0.001], without a significant contribution of MPO (P=0.23). The relationship between MPO and ADMA became stronger with increasing levels of oxLDL (1.8, 5.2 and 8.7 nmol/l ADMA per S.D. of MPO for increasing tertiles of oxLDL), consistent with the ability of MPO to amplify oxidative stress. In contrast, the relationship between CRP and arginine was not modified by levels of oxLDL. In conclusion, an unfavourable NOS substrate/inhibitor ratio may contribute to the reduced NO bioavailability associated with inflammation.

Abstract 423: Potential Role of Natriuretic Peptides in Atherosclerosis and Inflammation

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrakala Aluganti Narasimhulu ◽  
Sampath Parthasarathy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Modified Lipoproteins

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is currently recognized as one of the important markers of Congestive heart failure (CHF). BNP levels are simple and objective measures of cardiac function in patients with ischemic injury. These measurements can be used to diagnose HF, including diastolic dysfunction and inflammation. Plasma levels of BNP and ANP are elevated in CHF, especially after myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, within the heart tissue, gene expression of BNP and ANP is reportedly up-regulated in animal models with MI and CHF, and in human heart disease. In this study, we tested the natriuretic peptides ability in reduction of peroxides as well as inflammation Methods: BNP and ANP were commercially synthesized and their ability to reduce lipid peroxides (LOOH) was measured using 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was isolated from human plasma and its oxidation was performed using copper in the presence or absence of the peptides. The ability of these peptides to neutralize charges of modified lipoproteins, as well as attenuate inflammation, were analyzed. Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)/Ac-LDL was pretreated with increasing concentrations of peptides to evaluate charge neutralizing properties of the peptides. RAW cells were incubated with LPS pretreated with peptides. RNA was isolated from treated cells and real time PCR was performed using mouse IL-1α and IL-6 primers. Results: Natriuretic peptides reduced 13-HPODE and inhibited the oxidation of LDL. Reduced IL-1α and IL-6 gene expression was observed in the presence of LPS. Conclusion: The results of our studies suggest that these peptides a) inhibit the oxidation of LDL and b) have an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokine/gene production in the presence of LPS. Based on these results, we predict that natriuretic peptides could have therapeutic potential in reducing CVD/atherosclerosis-associated inflammation.

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