Nocturnal variations in lower-leg subcutaneous blood flow in paraplegic men

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sindrup ◽  
H. Wroblewski ◽  
J. Kastrup ◽  
F. Biering-Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Phase ◽  
Hyperaemic Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Blood Flow ◽  
The Right ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. Lower-leg subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow rates were measured over 12-20 h under ambulatory conditions by means of the 133Xe-washout technique in nine paraplegic men, all with complete spinal cord lesions at or below the Th 6 level, and in nine age-matched healthy men. Portable CdTe(Cl) detectors and datastorage units were used. 2. The central and local sympathetic vasoconstrictive activity at the lower leg was measured under laboratory conditions by means of the l33Xe-washout technique and a stationary NaI(TI) detector system. 3. The paraplegic men were found to have intact central and local sympathetic vasoconstrictive activity in their lower legs. Moreover, they all had a nocturnal hyperaemic blood flow phase of the same magnitude and duration as the control subjects. 4. The possibility that the somaesthetic nerves play a role in the hyperaemic response could be excluded, as all the paraplegic men suffered from complete lower-leg somaesthetic denervation. 5. A significant correlation was found between the time of going to bed and the nightly hyperaemic response in the right and left lower legs (P < 0.01). 6. It is concluded that the present data are in accordance with the concept of a central nervous or humoral elicitation of nocturnal hyperaemia, although local metabolic and other factors might participate as well. Paraplegic men have an intact regulation of the postural and nocturnal changes in peripheral blood flow whether of central sympathetic or humoral origin.

Lack of effect of peripheral nervous blockade on nocturnal fluctuations in lower-leg subcutaneous blood flow in man

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sindrup ◽  
L. J. Petersen ◽  
J. Kastrup ◽  
H. Wroblewski ◽  
J. K. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Flow Increase ◽  
Subcutaneous Blood Flow ◽  
The Right

1. The local subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow was measured simultaneously in the right and left lower legs of 10 normal human subjects under outpatient nocturnal conditions. The 133Xe-wash-out technique, portable CdTe(Cl) detectors and a portable data-storage unit were used for the measurement of blood flow. 2. The purpose of the study was to unveil the possible role of centrally controlled nerve fibres to the measurement area as mediators of a previously described nocturnal subcutaneous hyperaemia of 2 h duration. Therefore, before the sleeping period, a local nervous blockade was applied immediately proximal to the isotope depot on the right lower leg by the injection of approximately 15 ml of bupivacaine (5 mg/ml) subcutaneously. 3. Control experiments revealed blockade of the baroreceptor vasoconstrictor reflex activity 4 h after application of the local nervous blockade in three subjects examined. 4. Identical nocturnal isotope-wash-out curves were recorded from the two legs. Subcutaneous blood flow was found to increase significantly (P <0.0001) after approximately 1 h of sleep and the hyperaemia persisted for 2 h. 5. A significant positive correlation was detected between the latency periods from going to bed until the onset of the hyperaemia in the right and left lower legs (P <0.001, r = 0.95). 6. No significant difference could be detected between the relative blood flow increase during the hyperaemic phase in the right and left lower legs (P = 0.83). 7. It is concluded that the present data seem to rule out a central nervous factor(s) as the eliciting mechanism of the nocturnal subcutaneous hyperaemia. A circulating humoral factor(s) might be involved, although modification by local metabolic factors cannot be excluded. The possible physiological significance of the nocturnal hyperaemia is discussed.

Effect of training on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis determined by microdialysis in human adipose tissue

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. E1059-E1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stallknecht ◽  
L. Simonsen ◽  
J. Bulow ◽  
J. Vinten ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Trained humans (Tr) have a higher fat oxidation during submaximal physical work than sedentary humans (Sed). To investigate whether this reflects a higher adipose tissue lipolytic sensitivity to catecholamines, we infused epinephrine (0.3 nmol.kg-1.min-1) for 65 min in six athletes and six sedentary young men. Glycerol was measured in arterial blood, and intercellular glycerol concentrations in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by microdialysis. Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by 133Xe-washout technique. From these measurements adipose tissue lipolysis was calculated. During epinephrine infusion intercellular glycerol concentrations were lower, but adipose tissue blood flow was higher in trained compared with sedentary subjects (P < 0.05). Glycerol output from subcutaneous tissue (Tr: 604 +/- 322 nmol.100 g-1.min-1; Sed: 689 +/- 203; mean +/- SD) as well as arterial glycerol concentrations (Tr: 129 +/- 36 microM; Sed: 119 +/- 56) did not differ between groups. It is concluded that in intact subcutaneous adipose tissue epinephrine-stimulated blood flow is enhanced, whereas lipolytic sensitivity to epinephrine is the same in trained compared with untrained subjects.

scholarly journals Total Forearm Blood Flow as an Indicator of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow: Effect of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
G. J. Kemerink ◽  
M. T. W. Pakbiers ◽  
G. A. K. Heidendal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. In studying forearm skeletal muscle substrate exchange, an often applied method for estimating skeletal muscle blood flow is strain gauge plethysmography. A disadvantage of this method is that it only measures total blood flow through a segment of forearm and not the flow through the individual parts such as skin, adipose tissue and muscle. 2. In the present study the contribution of forearm subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was evaluated in lean (% body fat 17.0 ± 2.2) and obese males (% body fat 30.9 ± 1.6) during rest and during infusion of the non-selective β-agonist isoprenaline. Measurements were obtained of body composition (hydrostatic weighing), forearm composition (magnetic resonance imaging) and of total forearm (venous occlusion plethysmography), skin (skin blood flow, laser Doppler), and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (133Xe washout technique). 3. The absolute forearm area and the relative amount of fat (% of forearm area) were significantly higher in obese as compared to lean subjects, whereas the relative amounts of muscle and skin were similar. 4. During rest, the percentage contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was significantly higher in lean compared with obese subjects (19 vs 12%, P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in percentage contribution between both groups during isoprenaline infusion (10 vs 13%). Furthermore, the contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was significantly lower during isoprenaline infusion than during rest in lean subjects (P < 0.05), whereas in the obese this value was similar during rest and during isoprenaline infusion. 5. In conclusion, although the overall contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow seems to be relatively small, the significance of this contribution may vary with degree of adiposity. Calculations on the contribution of adipose tissue blood flow and SBF to total forearm blood flow indicate that the contribution of non-muscular flow to total forearm blood flow may be of considerable importance and may amount in lean subjects to 35–50% of total forearm blood flow in the resting state.

Influence of circulating NE and Epi on adipose tissue vascular resistance and lipolysis in humans

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. H447-H452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hjemdahl ◽  
B. Linde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The effects of circulating norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) on vascular resistance in subcutaneous adipose tissue and the calf as well as on plasma glycerol, an indicator of lipolysis, were studied in healthy volunteers. Adipose tissue blood flow was determined by the local clearance of 99mTcO-4 or 133Xe. The two isotopes gave similar results. Calf blood flow was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography. Intravenous infusion of NE caused increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, adipose tissue and calf vascular resistances, and plasma glycerol and a decrease in plasma insulin and heart rate, all of which were significant when arterial plasma NE was elevated from 1.17 +/- 0.14 to 8.38 +/- 0.30 nM (n = 16). Epi reduced diastolic and mean arterial pressures and adipose tissue and calf vascular resistances and increased plasma glycerol without affecting systolic blood pressure or plasma insulin. An increase of arterial plasma Epi from 0.20 +/- 0.03 to 1.15 +/- 0.05 nM (n = 6) was sufficient to induce vasodilatation in adipose tissue and lipolysis. Human adipose tissue differs from canine adipose tissue inasmuch as Epi causes vasodilatation in humans (present results) but vasoconstriction in the dog (previous results), presumably due to a predominance of vascular beta 2-adrenoceptors in human and beta 1-adrenoceptors in canine adipose tissue. Furthermore, Epi is a considerably more potent lipolytic hormone than NE in humans but not in the dog. Our results indicate that both NE and Epi may influence human adipose tissue blood flow and lipolysis as circulating hormones.

scholarly journals Capacity and Hypoxic Response of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow in Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Heinonen ◽  
Jukka Kemppainen ◽  
Kimmo Kaskinoro ◽  
Juhani Knuuti ◽  
Robert Boushel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Hypoxic Response ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Angiotensin II: a major regulator of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 571 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Goossens ◽  
S. E. McQuaid ◽  
A. L. Dennis ◽  
M. A. Van Baak ◽  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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