The 57 mm Thermal Clearance Probe: A Non-Invasive Tool for Measuring Subcutaneous Blood Flow

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Greenhalgh ◽  
J. R. Jones ◽  
J. S. Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Thermal Clearance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subcutaneous Blood Flow ◽  
Injection Depth ◽  
Depth Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Xenon Washout

1. The segmented thermal clearance probe is a noninvasive instrument which measures heat thermal clearance, a variable directly proportional to superficial blood flow, with a depth sensitivity theoretically proportional to the sensor diameter. We compared an 18 mm sensor and a recently developed 57 mm sensor with the reference technique of xenon washout. 2. The theoretical depth sensitivity of the sensors was assessed using Perspex spacers. Ninety-five per cent of sensitivity had been lost at the respective depths of 3.5 mm and 7.1 mm for the 18 mm and 57 mm sensors. 3. A comparison was made between heat thermal clearance reading and 133Xe decay curves using the two probes for 15 min after injection of 133Xe at 2 mm and 6 mm depths in the anterior thigh in 41 subjects. The 57 mm sensor showed similar correlation with xenon washout at 2 mm injection depth (r = 0.89) and 6 mm injection depth (r = 0.86), whereas the 18 mm sensor showed greater correlation at 2 mm (r = 0.92) than at 6 mm (r = 0.62). 4. The 57 mm sensor was compared with xenon washout at 6 mm in eight insulin-treated diabetic subjects. The relationship was similar to that in non-diabetic subjects (r = 0.79), with no significant difference in slope or intercept. 5. It is concluded that the 57 mm thermal clearance probe may be used to study blood flow at the depth of insulin injection (6 mm) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of inguinal hernia on the thickness and blood flow of spermatic cord in boys

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000030
Author(s):  
Shoujiang Huang ◽  
Canping Li ◽  
Xiuzhen Yang ◽  
Jianfeng Liang ◽  
Dongpi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pampiniform Plexus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of inguinal hernia (IH) on the spermatic cord using spermatic cord ultrasonography (SCU).MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2017, boys with IH who received SCU at the start of open herniorrhaphy (OH) were enrolled in this study. The age and weight at SCU, width of the spermatic cord (SC-W), peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the spermatic artery (SA-PSV) and velocity in the pampiniform plexus (PP-V), and the interval between the initial and the second OH in boys with metachronous inguinal hernia (MIH) were recorded, and the relationship among them was studied. Boys with unilateral IH comprised the IH group, and boys with MIH comprised the MIH group. Boys with polydactylism served as the control. One-way analysis of variance tested the differences among groups. Spearman’s r tested the relationship between SC-W in the MIH group and the interval.ResultsA total of 80 boys were enrolled in this study (IH group 29, MIH group 26, and control group 25). SA-PSV and PP-V in the hernia side were faster and slower than the control, respectively. There was no significant difference in PP-V and SA-PSV of the treated side in the MIH group and in the control group. After herniorrhaphy, SC-W was tapered down to normal size. SC-W, SA-PSV, and PP-V in the treated side were all highly correlated to the interval in a curvilinear manner.ConclusionPSV was positively correlated with SC-W in boys with IH, and PP-V was negatively correlated; herniorrhaphy could reverse the impairment.

Application of Ultrasonography in the Pathological Study of Breast Cancer in Female Patients with Breast Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-953
Author(s):  
Yajuan Wang ◽  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Guangsen Li ◽  
Tianlang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Pathological Classification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The retrospective analysis of the ultrasonographic features of 108 cases of breast cancer confirmed by surgery and pathology, namely the relationship between mass boundary, posterior echo, calcification and blood flow signal and pathological type, was to explore the features of ultrasound sonography of breast cancer. The link between pathological typing. The results of the study showed that the ultrasound showed that the border of the nvasive ductal carcinoma was mostly burr-like. The ultrasound showed that the border of the invasive lobular carcinoma was mostly strong echo halo. The medullary carcinoma had a clear boundary, while the intraductal carcinoma showed more unclear borders. There was no significant difference in the relationship between the boundary of the mass and the pathological types. Ultrasound of invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma showed a posterior echo attenuation, and medullary carcinoma showed more posterior echo enhancement. The relationship between the echo of the posterior mass of the tumor and the pathological types was statistically different. The detection rate of ultrasound calcification in invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma was higher. The calcification in medullary carcinoma was less common. The calcification in the pathology of intraductal carcinoma was better. High, but ultrasound can only detect half of it. There was no significant difference in the relationship between calcification and pathological types in the tumor; ultrasound showed that most of the blood flow signals were abundant, suggesting that there was no statistical difference between the blood flow classification and the pathological classification of the tumor. The results of the thesis indicate that the ultrasound characteristics of breast cancer have a high diagnostic value for its pathological classification.

scholarly journals Cross-Modal Effect of Presenting Food Images on Taste Appetite

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6615
Author(s):  
Keisuke Tomono ◽  
Akira Tomono
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Digital Signage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Food Images ◽  
The Relationship

We researched a method to objectively evaluate the presence of food images, for the purpose of applying it to digital signage. In this paper, we defined the presence of food images as a sensation that makes us recognize that food is there, and investigated the relationship between that recognition and the salivary secretion reaction. If saliva secretion can be detected by a non-invasive method, it may be possible to objectively estimate the presence of the viewer from the outside. Two kinds of experiments were conducted. STUDY 1 included presentations of popular cooking images, which portrayed a sense of deliciousness, and evaluated changes in the volume of saliva secretions and cerebral blood flow near the temples. STUDY 2 included comparisons of changes between presenting images only and images with corresponded smells. The images included scenes that introduced foods (i.e., almond pudding cake/bergamot orange) that were relatively simple, so that they did not induce the subjects themselves. As a result, we clarified the cross-modal effects that were closely related to sense of presence and salivation. Moreover, we clarified presentation of images with smells to improve one’s sense of presence, even though the images were relatively simple.

Effect of spaceflight on the subcutaneous venoarteriolar reflex in the human lower leg

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Gabrielsen ◽  
Peter Norsk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Decrease Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Blood Flow

Whenever the legs are lowered in humans, a venoarteriolar reflex is activated by the hydrostatic distension of the venules. Through local axon reflexes, the adjacent arterioles are contracted to decrease blood flow and prevent formation of edema. Because the venoarteriolar reflex is activated by gravity, we tested the hypothesis that long-term weightlessness would attenuate it. The reduction in subcutaneous blood flow was measured by the 133Xe washout technique just proximal to the ankle joint in dependent lower legs of eight supine astronauts, where the knee joint was passively bent by 90°. The measurements were conducted before spaceflight and 3–6 h on landing following 4–6.5 mo in space. Activation of the venoarteriolar reflex reduced subcutaneous blood flow by 37 ± 9% ( P = 0.016) before flight and by 64 ± 8% ( P < 0.001) following landing with no statistical significant difference between the two reductions ( P = 0.062). Therefore, our results show that the venoarteriolar reflex is not attenuated by weightlessness and therefore does not need the everyday stimulus of gravity to maintain efficiency.

scholarly journals Relationship between coronary artery calcium score and myocardial blood flow reserve in patients with suspected coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Qarajeh ◽  
P Peri-Okonny ◽  
BW Sperry ◽  
PS Chan ◽  
JA Spertus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium Score ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow Reserve ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Both the Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS), a non-invasive surrogate for atherosclerotic burden, and reduced myocardial blood flow reserve (MBFR) with normal perfusion, a non-invasive surrogate for coronary vasomotor dysfunction, independently predict future cardiovascular events. The relationship between CACS and MBFR, and potential clinical factors affecting it, is not well understood. Methods Among 9467 consecutive patients without known history of CAD who had normal perfusion on 82Rb PET-CT and a concomitantly measured CACS between 01/2010 - 06/2020 within our health system, we assessed the relationship between CACS and MBFR. Multiple linear regression was used to predict MBFR using CACS, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, risk factors, symptoms, resting LVEF and vital signs. Interactions of age, sex, diabetes, and symptoms with CACS were assessed to evaluate if they modified the relationship of CACS with MBFR. Results Mean age (SD) of the study cohort was 66.4 (12.6) years, 64% were women, 64% had chest pain and 47% had dyspnea. Reduced MBFR (&lt;2) was present in 44% and CAC &gt;0 in 74% of patients.  There was a modest inverse correlation between MBFR and CACS, r= - 0.18, p = &lt; 0.0001 (Figure). In adjusted analyses, CACS (β for CAC per 100 = -0.013 [95% CI: -0.015, -0.010]) was weakly associated with MBFR, and age, sex, diabetes, or symptoms did not modify this relationship (all interaction p-values &gt;0.1). Older age, female sex, presence of hypertension, diabetes, dyspnea, lower LVEF, higher baseline HR and higher CACS independently predicted reduced MBFR, but explained only 20% of the variance in MBFR (R2 =0.20). Conclusion There is a weak relationship between CACS and MBFR, which is not modified by age, sex, symptoms, or other CV risk factors. Coronary calcium burden does not completely reflect the overall disease activity within the coronary circulation, and measures of coronary vasomotor function such as MBFR may offer complementary information on CAD risk to that provided by the total burden of calcified atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Strength Characteristics of Cerebral Aneurysm Walls with Their Status and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Data

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Elena Tsibulskaya ◽  
Anna Lipovka ◽  
Alexandr Chupakhin ◽  
Andrey Dubovoy ◽  
Daniil Parshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Cerebral Tissue ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Excitation Emission Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cerebral aneurysms (CA) are a widespread vascular disease affecting 50 per 1000 population. The study of the influence of histological, morphological and hemodynamic factors on the status of the aneurysm has been the subject of many works. However, an accurate and generally accepted relationship has not yet been identified. Methods: In our work, the results of mechanical and spectroscopic measurements are considered. Total investigated 14 patients and 36 their samples of CA tissue. Results: The excitation–emission matrix of each specimen was evaluated, after which the strength characteristics of the samples were investigated. Conclusions: It has been shown that there is a statistically significant difference in the size of the peaks of two components, which characterizes the status of the aneurysms. In addition, a linear regression model has been built that describes the correlation of the magnitude of the ultimate strain and stress with the magnitude of the peaks of one of the components. The results of this study will serve as a basis for the non-invasive determination of the strength characteristics of the cerebral tissue aneurysms and determination of their status.

Lack of effect of peripheral nervous blockade on nocturnal fluctuations in lower-leg subcutaneous blood flow in man

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sindrup ◽  
L. J. Petersen ◽  
J. Kastrup ◽  
H. Wroblewski ◽  
J. K. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Flow Increase ◽  
Subcutaneous Blood Flow ◽  
The Right

1. The local subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow was measured simultaneously in the right and left lower legs of 10 normal human subjects under outpatient nocturnal conditions. The 133Xe-wash-out technique, portable CdTe(Cl) detectors and a portable data-storage unit were used for the measurement of blood flow. 2. The purpose of the study was to unveil the possible role of centrally controlled nerve fibres to the measurement area as mediators of a previously described nocturnal subcutaneous hyperaemia of 2 h duration. Therefore, before the sleeping period, a local nervous blockade was applied immediately proximal to the isotope depot on the right lower leg by the injection of approximately 15 ml of bupivacaine (5 mg/ml) subcutaneously. 3. Control experiments revealed blockade of the baroreceptor vasoconstrictor reflex activity 4 h after application of the local nervous blockade in three subjects examined. 4. Identical nocturnal isotope-wash-out curves were recorded from the two legs. Subcutaneous blood flow was found to increase significantly (P <0.0001) after approximately 1 h of sleep and the hyperaemia persisted for 2 h. 5. A significant positive correlation was detected between the latency periods from going to bed until the onset of the hyperaemia in the right and left lower legs (P <0.001, r = 0.95). 6. No significant difference could be detected between the relative blood flow increase during the hyperaemic phase in the right and left lower legs (P = 0.83). 7. It is concluded that the present data seem to rule out a central nervous factor(s) as the eliciting mechanism of the nocturnal subcutaneous hyperaemia. A circulating humoral factor(s) might be involved, although modification by local metabolic factors cannot be excluded. The possible physiological significance of the nocturnal hyperaemia is discussed.

Dermatoglyphics and Essential Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3.1) ◽  
pp. 8027-8033
Author(s):  
Kwame Adu Ofori ◽  
◽  
Nketsiah James ◽  
Adjei-Antwi Collins ◽  
Tetteh Joshua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Ulnar Loop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Genetic Origins ◽  
The Relationship

Essential hypertension falls in the category of hypertension that has no identifiable cause and affects 90-95% of hypertensive patients. Several studies have utilize dermatoglyphics as models for preliminary diagnosing diseases with genetic and non-genetic origins. However, little studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between dermatoglyphics and essential hypertension. The aim of the study was to generate detailed baseline data on the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns and essential hypertensive to serve as a preliminary non-invasive diagnostic tool. A total of 400 participants out of which 200 were clinically diagnosed essential hypertensive patients from the Hypertensive Unit of Mampong Government Hospital (Ghana) and 200 clinically confirmed normotensive individuals were recruited for the present study. The fingerprints and palm prints of the participants were taken using a CanonScan Lide 120 colour image scanner which was connected to a Hp laptop. For the distribution of the sub-types of fingerprint patterns, ulnar loop dominated in both groups with the control group recording the highest. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Significant difference was recorded between the two groups for the palmar ATD angle for both palms with the control group recording the highest. For the PIC patterns, PIC 300 and 310 dominated in both groups. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of the present study have shown that, there is some relationship between dermatoglyphics and essential hypertension. This will serve as a preliminary diagnostic tool for the earlier diagnosis of the disease. KEY WORDS: Dermatoglyphics, Essential Hypertension, ATD angle, PIC pattern.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of the Relationship between Magnetic Resonance Elastic Value and Pathological Grade of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Magnetic Resonance Elastography

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong-Tai Li ◽  
Chun-Yan Chen M ◽  
Dong-Sheng Zhang ◽  
Shui-Qing Zhuo ◽  
Gui-Xiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Pathological Grade ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pathological Differentiation ◽  
Normal Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: To try another non-invasive method to evaluate the relationship between Magnetic Resonance (MR) elastic value and pathological grade of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) using Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE). Methods: Forty-seven HCC patients underwent MR Imaging (MRI), elastography in the upper abdomen. The elastic value of the lesion area was measured, and that of the normal liver tissue was measured adjacent to the lesion area at the same level. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference in elasticity between the lesion area and normal area, and the difference between the low and middle-high differentiation groups. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) of the lesion area and normal area in the complete case group and different differentiation groups were used to determine the diagnostic cut-off value to distinguish the lesion area from the normal area in each group. Results: (1) There was a significant difference in elasticity between the normal area and HCC area (p<0.001). The diagnostic cut-off value was 4842 Pa. (2) There was a significant difference in elasticity between the low-and middle-high differentiation groups (p<0.001). The diagnostic cut-off value was 10456 Pa. (3) There was a statistically significant correlation between the elastic value on MRE and degree of pathological differentiation of HCC in the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The elastic value of HCC measured using MRE can be used to evaluate the degree of pathological differentiation of HCC. MRE may be a non-invasive and reliable method for evaluating the pathological grade of HCC.

Ventilatory threshold is related to walking tolerance in patients with intermittent claudication

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
da Rocha Chehuen ◽  
G. Cucato ◽  
P. dos Anjos Souza Barbosa ◽  
A. R. Costa ◽  
M. Ritti-Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study assessed the relationship between lower limb hemodynamics and metabolic parameters with walking tolerance in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Patients and methods: Resting ankle-brachial index (ABI), baseline blood flow (BF), BF response to reactive hyperemia (BFRH), oxygen uptake (VO2), initial claudication distance (ICD) and total walking distance (TWD) were measured in 28 IC patients. Pearson and Spearman correlations were calculated. Results: ABI, baseline BF and BF response to RH did not correlate with ICD or TWD. VO2 at first ventilatory threshold and VO2peak were significantly and positively correlated with ICD (r = 0.41 and 0.54, respectively) and TWD (r = 0.65 and 0.71, respectively). Conclusions: VO2peak and VO2 at first ventilatory threshold, but not ABI, baseline BF and BFHR were associated with walking tolerance in IC patients. These results suggest that VO2 at first ventilatory threshold may be useful to evaluate walking tolerance and improvements in IC patients.

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