Whole body leucine turnover and nutritional status in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. J. Goodship ◽  
S. Lloyd ◽  
M. B. Clague ◽  
K. Bartlett ◽  
M. K. Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Somatic Muscle ◽  
Total Body

1. Nutritional status and leucine turnover has been measured in ten patients with chronic renal failure before the onset of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and after 3 months treatment, and in five normal subjects. 2. Somatic muscle protein reserves, as judged by anthropometry and measurement of total body potassium, showed no significant changes after 3 months treatment and were not significantly different from normal. 3. Visceral protein reserves, as judged by serum albumin and plasma amino acids, showed a significant fall after 3 months CAPD and were also lower than in normal subjects. 4. Protein turnover was lower in uraemic than in normal subjects, but the balance between synthesis and breakdown was significantly higher and was maintained after 3 months on CAPD.

Nutritional Status of Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Heide ◽  
Andreas Pierratos ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Jean Pettit ◽  
Raymond Ogilvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Over Time

Nutritional follow-up of 20 CAPD patients for 18–24 months showed a decrease in total body nitrogen, increase in total body potassium and body weight, and a decrease in protein intake over time. There was no correlation between changes in TBN and the biochemical parameters measured. Serial dietetic assessments and measurements of total body nitrogen as well as adherence to an adequate protein intake will assist in the prevention of malnutrition in CAPD patients.

Six-Month Overnight Intraperitoneal Amino-Acid Infusion in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPO) Patients-No Effect on Nutritional Status

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas V. Dombros ◽  
Krystyne Prutis ◽  
Mathew Tong ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson ◽  
Joan Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Total Body

The long-term effect of an AA solution based on Tra-vasol®, a solution for total parenteral nutrition, given in-traperitoneally over a 6-month period was studied in 5 patients 22 to 75 years old, having been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 3 to 57 months. A low oral protein intake (<0.8 g/kg bw /day) and/or a low serum albumin «35 g/L) were used as inclusion criteria. Two liters of 1% AA solution were infused overnight, while a glucose Dianeal® was used for the other exchanges. During the study, BUN increased from 22.04 mM/L to 28.06 mM/L the first month and remained at these levels, indicating the increased protein intake. However, average oral total energy and protein intake, body weight (bw), serum creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, transferrin, skinfold thickness, total body potassium, and plasma AA levels remained basically unchanged. The average total body nitrogen decreased from 1.746 to 1.554 Kg, but this decrease did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). We conclude that intraperitoneal overnight administration of 2 L of 1% AA based on Travasol® over 6 months did not improve the nutritional status of CAPD patients. This ineffectiveness might be due to the AA composition of the solution, the timing of administration, or to a low caloric intake and/or that our patients were not severely malnourished.

Relationship of resting metabolic rate to body composition and protein turnover

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. E990-E998 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Welle ◽  
K. S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Relationship Of

This study examined whether variability among healthy young adults in resting metabolic rate, normalized for the amount of metabolically active tissue (assessed by total body potassium), is related to protein turnover. Resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry for 2 h in 26 men and 21 women, 19-33 yr old, with simultaneous estimation of protein turnover during a 4-h infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine. After adjusting metabolic rate for total body potassium, the standard deviation was only 89 kcal/day, or 5.5% of the average value. There was a high correlation between leucine flux (an index of proteolysis) and metabolic rate (r = 0.84) and between the nonoxidized portion of leucine flux (an index of protein synthesis) and metabolic rate (r = 0.83). This relationship was weaker, but still significant, after adjusting leucine metabolism and metabolic rate for total body potassium (r = 0.36 for leucine flux vs. metabolic rate, r = 0.33 for nonoxidized portion of leucine flux vs. metabolic rate, P less than 0.05). The regression analysis suggested that the contribution of protein turnover to resting metabolic rate was approximately 20% in an average subject. Metabolic rate and protein turnover were highest in the subjects with the greatest amount of body fat, even after accounting for differences in whole body potassium. Neither resting metabolic rate nor protein turnover was related to total or free concentrations of thyroxine or triiodothyronine, within the euthyroid range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Measurement of Total Body Potassium in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Woodrow ◽  
Brian Oldroyd ◽  
Antony Wright ◽  
W. Andrew Coward ◽  
John H. Turney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Cell Mass ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Noninvasive Technique ◽  
Body Cell ◽  
Total Body

♦ Objectives To assess the validity of measuring total body potassium (TBK) to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and body cell mass (BCM) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). ♦ Methods We studied 29 patients on PD (14 men, 15 women) and 30 controls (15 men, 15 women). We calculated TBK by using a whole-body counter to measure 1.46 MeV gamma-ray emissions from naturally occurring 40K. We measured total body water (TBW) by deuterium oxide dilution, and extracellular water (ECW) from bromide dilution. These measurements allowed us to estimate intracellular water (ICW), fat-free mass dilution (FFMDilution), and body cell mass dilution (BCMDilution). ♦ Results The FFMTBK in male PD patients (55.7 ± 7.0 kg) did not differ from that in male controls (57.0 ± 10.9 kg). The FFMTBK in female PD patients (38.4 ± 6.8 kg) was less than that in female controls (44.7 ± 4.5, p < 0.01). The FFMDilution did not differ from the FFMTBK. Correlation of FFMTBK and FFMDilution was r = 0.90, p < 0.0001 for all subjects; r = 0.90, p < 0.0001 for PD patients; and r = 0.90, p < 0.0001 for controls. Bland–Altman comparison of FFMDilution with FFMTBK in individuals showed bias 0.6 kg, range –8.5 kg to 9.7 kg for the whole group; bias 1.4 kg, range –7.9 kg to 10.7 kg for PD patients; and bias –0.2 kg, range –9.0 kg to 8.6 kg for controls. The BCMTBK in male PD patients (30.1 ± 4.5 kg) did not differ from that in male controls (31.9 ± 6.2 kg). The BCMTBK in female PD patients (19.0 ± 4.4 kg) was less than that in female controls (23.1 ± 2.9 kg, p < 0.01). The BCMDilution results did not differ from those for the BCMTBK. Correlation of BCMTBK and BCMDilution was r = 0.90, p < 0.0001 for all subjects; r = 0.87, p < 0.0001 for PD patients; and r = 0.93, p < 0.0001 for controls. Bland–Altman comparison of BCMDilution with BCMTBK in individuals showed bias 0.1 kg, range –5.9 kg to 6.1 kg for the whole group; bias 0.0 kg, range –6.9 kg to 6.9 kg for PD patients; and bias 0.1 kg, range –5.0 kg to 5.2 kg for controls. The [K+]ICW did not differ between PD patients and controls (148.0 ± 25.1 mmol/L vs 148.1 ± 14.3 mmol/L, p = nonsignificant). ♦ Conclusions Total body potassium is a valid, noninvasive technique for measuring FFM and BCM in PD patients. In our PD patient group, depletion of FFM and BCM as compared with controls was identified in the women but not in the men.

Effect of testosterone on muscle mass and muscle protein synthesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Griggs ◽  
W. Kingston ◽  
R. F. Jozefowicz ◽  
B. E. Herr ◽  
G. Forbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

We have studied the effect of a pharmacological dose of testosterone enanthate (3 mg.kg-1.wk-1 for 12 wk) on muscle mass and total-body potassium and on whole-body and muscle protein synthesis in normal male subjects. Muscle mass estimated by creatinine excretion increased in all nine subjects (20% mean increase, P less than 0.02); total body potassium mass estimated by 40K counting increased in all subjects (12% mean increase, P less than 0.0001). In four subjects, a primed continuous infusion protocol with L-[1–13C]leucine was used to determine whole-body leucine flux and oxidation. Whole-body protein synthesis was estimated from nonoxidative flux. Muscle protein synthesis rate was determined by measuring [13C]leucine incorporation into muscle samples obtained by needle biopsy. Testosterone increased muscle protein synthesis in all subjects (27% mean increase, P less than 0.05). Leucine oxidation decreased slightly (17% mean decrease, P less than 0.01), but whole-body protein synthesis did not change significantly. Muscle morphometry showed no significant increase in muscle fiber diameter. These studies suggest that testosterone increases muscle mass by increasing muscle protein synthesis.

A Whole Body Counter for Serial Studies of Total Body Potassium

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Johny ◽  
B. W. Worthley ◽  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
M. W. O'Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Body Counter ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
Normal Variability

1. The use of a whole body counter in total body potassium estimations is described. The accuracy and value of the counter in measuring serial changes in total body potassium was assessed. 2. Serial study of twelve normal subjects at varying intervals revealed a normal variability in total body potassium of up to 1·23% (4-weekly measurements over 3 months). The error involved in counting statistics alone was 4%. 3. The whole body counter appears to be an accurate and useful method of assessing total body potassium in clinical studies.

The Relation between Potassium in Body Fluids and Total Body Potassium in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
K. Boddy ◽  
R. Hume ◽  
C. White ◽  
A. Pack ◽  
P. C. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body

1. The concentration of potassium in the erythrocytes and the plasma of forty-one normal subjects and twenty-five diabetic patients was measured and the results were used to calculate the total amount of potassium in the erythrocyte mass and the total amount of potassium in the plasma. The total body potassium was measured in a whole-body monitor. 2. In normal subjects a close correlation was found between total erythrocyte potassium and total body potassium and also between total plasma potassium and total body potassium. 3. The regression relation between total body potassium and total erythrocyte potassium in normal subjects was used to predict the total body potassium in diabetic patients. There was reasonable agreement between the measured and predicted total body potassium but there was poor agreement between the measured total body potassium and that predicted from the patient's height and age or height, weight and age.

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