Role of the Larynx and Upper Airway in Control of Breathing during Exercise

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (s13) ◽  
pp. 68P-68P
Author(s):  
W.N. Gardner ◽  
M.S. Meah
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Of Breathing

Awake Abnormalities of Control of Breathing and of the Upper Airway

CHEST Journal ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Littner ◽  
Earl Young ◽  
Dennis McGinty ◽  
Elisabeth Beahm ◽  
Walter Riege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Of Breathing

scholarly journals Computed tomographic evaluation of the role of craniofacial and upper airway morphology in obstructive sleep apnea in Chinese

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Lam ◽  
Clara G.C Ooi ◽  
Wilfred C.G Peh ◽  
I Lauder ◽  
Kenneth W.T Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Airway Morphology

The Role of Vascular Tone in the Control of Upper Airway Collapsibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Wasicko ◽  
Douglas A. Hutt ◽  
Richard A. Parisi ◽  
Judith A. Neubauer ◽  
Reuben Mezrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Collapsibility ◽  
Upper Airway Collapsibility

Sleep and Violence*

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Raschka
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
The Brain

Most violence connected with sleep disorder is assumed to be related to sleep walking. It is less well known that other sleep disorders can also give rise to violence. The role of narcolepsy in car accidents is mentioned. Sleep drunkenness can lead to confusion resulting in violent behaviour especially on forced awakening. This condition is associated to sleep apnea. Primary or central sleep apnea is caused by disorders of the brain stem affecting the respiratory center. Secondary or upper airway sleep apnea can be caused by virtually any condition that results in cessation of the airflow due to occlusion of the upper airway. The author describes one patient who engaged in assaultive behaviour on forced awakening following earlier alcohol consumption. The pathomechanism of violent behaviour generated by a combination of sleep apnea and respiratory pathology is described. The differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment is outlined. The use of polysomnography in diagnosis and the potentially dangerous effects of drugs with respiratory depressing effects is highlighted.

scholarly journals Role of Taste Receptors as Sentinels of Innate Immunity in the Upper Airway

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil N. Patel ◽  
Alan D. Workman ◽  
Noam A. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Airway Epithelium ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Taste Sensation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Evidence is emerging that shows taste receptors serve functions outside of taste sensation of the tongue. Taste receptors have been found in tissue across the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, brain, and airway. These extraoral taste receptors appear to be important in modulating the innate immune response through detection of pathogens. This review discusses taste receptor signaling, focusing on the G-protein–coupled receptors that detect bitter and sweet compounds in the upper airway epithelium. Emphasis is given to recent studies which link the physiology of sinonasal taste receptors to clinical manifestation of upper airway disease.

Site-specific sensitization in a murine model of allergic rhinitis: Role of the upper airway in lower airways disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine McCusker ◽  
Martin Chicoine ◽  
Qutayba Hamid ◽  
Bruce Mazer
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Lower Airways

scholarly journals Role of midbrain in the control of breathing in anuran amphibians

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. R447-R457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane H. Gargaglioni ◽  
Janice T. Meier ◽  
Luiz G. S. Branco ◽  
William K. Milsom
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Attentional State ◽  
Anuran Amphibians ◽  
Auditory Integration ◽  
Stimulation Experiments ◽  
Mandibular Branch ◽  
Central Rhythm Generator

The present study was designed to explore systematically the midbrain of unanesthetized, decerebrate anuran amphibians (bullfrogs), using chemical and electrical stimulation and midbrain transections to identify sites capable of exciting and inhibiting breathing. Ventilation was measured as fictive motor output from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and the laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve. The results of our transection studies suggest that, under resting conditions, the net effect of inputs from sites within the rostral half of the midbrain is to increase fictive breathing frequency, whereas inputs from sites within the caudal half of the midbrain have no net effect on fictive breathing frequency but appear to act on the medullary central rhythm generator to produce episodic breathing. The results of our stimulation experiments indicate that the principal sites in the midbrain that are capable of exciting or inhibiting the fictive frequency of lung ventilation, and potentially clustering breaths into episodes, appear to be those primarily involved in visual and auditory integration, motor functions, and attentional state.

scholarly journals The Microbiota/Host Immune System Interaction in the Nose to Protect from COVID-19

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Arianna Di Stadio ◽  
Claudio Costantini ◽  
Giorgia Renga ◽  
Marilena Pariano ◽  
Giampietro Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Mucosal Homeostasis ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Variable Clinical Presentation

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is characterized by variable clinical presentation that ranges from asymptomatic to fatal multi-organ damage. The site of entry and the response of the host to the infection affect the outcomes. The role of the upper airways and the nasal barrier in the prevention of infection is increasingly being recognized. Besides the epithelial lining and the local immune system, the upper airways harbor a community of microorganisms, or microbiota, that takes an active part in mucosal homeostasis and in resistance to infection. However, the role of the upper airway microbiota in COVID-19 is not yet completely understood and likely goes beyond protection from viral entry to include the regulation of the immune response to the infection. Herein, we discuss the hypothesis that restoring endogenous barriers and anti-inflammatory pathways that are defective in COVID-19 patients might represent a valid strategy to reduce infectivity and ameliorate clinical symptomatology.

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