Borderline maintenance of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in normoxic type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic subjects

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Story ◽  
A. P. Roberts ◽  
R. G. Ryall
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Oxygen Dissociation Curve ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Oxygen Dissociation ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

1. Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and haemoglobin A1C concentrations were measured in 26 clinically normoxic patients with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate theoretically required to maintain normal erythrocyte oxygen delivery function in each subject was calculated and compared with the measured concentrations. 2. In the majority of diabetic patients 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations were sufficient to keep the erythrocyte oxygen dissociation curve within the normal range under otherwise normal blood conditions. There was, however, a minority of patients in which this was not true. 3. It is concluded that the increased erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in clinically normoxic diabetic subjects are generally less than compensatory for the effect of haemoglobin A1C formation on the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve.

Glyoxalase System in Clinical Diabetes Mellitus and Correlation with Diabetic Complications

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony C. McLellan ◽  
Paul J. Thornalley ◽  
Jonathan Benn ◽  
Peter H. Sonksen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

1. The metabolism of methylglyoxal by the glyoxalase system may be linked to the development of diabetic complications. The glyoxalase system was characterized in blood samples from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 43), patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 107) and 21 normal healthy control subjects. 2. The concentrations of glyoxalase metabolites, methylglyoxal, S-D-lactoylglutathione and D-lactate, were increased in diabetic patients, relative to normal control subjects: methylglyoxal [median, range (n) pmol/g], insulin-dependent patients, 470.7, 85.6-1044.3 (42), P < 0.001, non-insulin-dependent patients, 286.8, 54.7-2370 (105), P < 0.001, control subjects, 79.8, 25.3-892.9 (21); S-D-lactoylglutathione [mean ± SD (n) pmol/106 erythrocytes], combined diabetic patients, 3.37 ± 0.85 (24), control subjects 4.76 ± 1.95 (8) P < 0.05; D-lactate [mean ± SD or median, range (n) nmol/g], insulin dependent patients, median 18.3, 5.7-57.4 (42), P < 0.001, non-insulin-dependent patients, 20.0 ± 8.9, 2.6-48.4 (105), P < 0.001, control subjects 9.7 ± 4.3, 1.8-19.7 (21). The reduced glutathione concentrations in blood samples from the insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient groups were not different from the control group values (P>0.05). 3. The activities of glyoxalase enzymes in erythrocytes were increased: glyoxalase I activity [mean ± SD (n) m-units/106 erythrocytes] was increased in diabetic patients, relative to normal control subjects: insulin-dependent patients, 4.35 ± 1.54 (41), P < 0.001; non-insulin-dependent patients, 4.61 ± 1.79 (101), P < 0.001; control subjects, 3.21 ± 1.81 (21); glyoxalase II activity [mean ± SD (n) m-units/106 erythrocytes] was increased in the non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient group, relative to normal control subjects [non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, 2.10 ± 0.46 (102); subject controls, 1.83 ± 0.27 (21); P < 0.05]. 4. In insulin-dependent diabetic patients, the concentration of methylglyoxal correlated positively with the duration of diabetes, and the concentration of D-lactate correlated positively with haemoglobin A1c and negatively with the reduced glutathione concentration. D-Lactate concentration correlated positively with blood glucose concentration in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 5. There was a positive logistic correlation of duration of disease with retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, or any combination thereof. Retinopathy also gave a positive logistic correlation with haemoglobin A1c concentrations and a negative logistic correlation with D-lactate concentration. 6. When paired for duration of diabetes, patients with retinopathy, neuropathy or nephropathy, or any combination thereof, had significantly higher age, level of haemoglobin A1c and glyoxalase I activity than patients with uncomplicated diabetes (P < 0.05). 7. We conclude that the glyoxalase system is modified in erythrocytes in both insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and that this modification is related to the development of diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes1

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
C. S. Hampe ◽  
E. Örtqvist ◽  
O. Rolandsson ◽  
M. Landin-Olsson ◽  
C. Törn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Type 1 Diabetic Patients

GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65Ab) are important markers for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Although most patients have GAD65Ab at the time of clinical diagnosis, there are also GAD65Ab-positive individuals in the population at low risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the GAD65Ab reactivity to GAD65 cloned from human, mouse, and rat in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients differ from antibody-positive healthy individuals. Sera from 254 new-onset 0- to 34-yr-old type 1 diabetic patients and 270 controls were assayed for their reactivity to human, mouse, and rat GAD65. Among the type 1 diabetic patients there was a significant better binding of human GAD65 compared to either mouse (P = 0.03) or rat GAD65 (P = 0.0005). The preference for human GAD65 increased with increasing age at onset (P = 0.0002). This differentiation was not observed in 88 GAD65Ab-positive control subjects. Our data indicate that recognition of epitopes by GAD65Ab in type 1 diabetes is different from that in nontype 1 diabetes, GAD65Ab-positive individuals.

Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Ekta Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by increased levels of plasma glucose (fasting or postprandial or both), is the most common metabolic disorder, affecting approximately 10% of the US population. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), previously known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreatic islets, resulting in an absolute insulin deficiency. About 10% of diabetic patients have T1D. It usually occurs in children or lean young adults, but T1D can develop at any age.

Plasma and Urine Sialic Acid in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomris Ozben ◽  
Sabahat Nacitarhan ◽  
Nese Tuncer
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Urinary Albumin Excretion ◽  
Albumin Excretion Rate ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Total Sialic Acid ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Urinary excretions of albumin, glycosaminoglycans (GAGS), total sialic acid (TSA), and lipid associated sialic acid (LASA) were measured in 78 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (NIDDM) and 28 healthy subjects. TSA excretion was significantly higher in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric diabetic subjects than the control subjects and TSA excretion was correlated with urinary albumin excretion rate (AER). In normoalbuminuric diabetics, the duration of diabetes correlated significantly with both sialicaciduria and albuminuria. Although serum TSA levels were significantly higher in both diabetic groups than the control subjects, there was no correlation between serum and urinary TSA levels.

Methamphetamine use and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002580242110209
Author(s):  
Daniel Lewis ◽  
Corinna van den Heuvel ◽  
Michaela Kenneally ◽  
Roger W Byard
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition arising in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, associated with hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia. While drugs such as methadone, cocaine and certain prescription medications may precipitate DKA, the potential effect of methamphetamine is unclear. Analysis of autopsy and toxicology case files at Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, was therefore undertaken from 1 January to 31 December 2019 of all cases where methamphetamine was detected in post-mortem blood samples. There were 94 cases with 11 diabetics ( n = 6 type 1 and n = 5 type 2). Four of the six decedents with type 1 diabetes had lethal DKA (66.7%; age range 30–54 years; average age 44.6 ± 10.5 years; M:F ratio 1:1). This incidence of DKA was higher than that of the general insulin-dependent diabetic population (6%) and also significantly higher than in medico-legal cases (13%; p < 0.05). The clinical and autopsy assessment of insulin-dependent diabetics presenting with DKA should therefore include specific screening for methamphetamine. The increase in both insulin-dependent diabetes and methamphetamine abuse in the community may lead to increases in such cases in medico-legal and health contexts.

scholarly journals Comparative study of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Dependent

The aim of the study was comparative between oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus using the measurement of some biophysical and biochemical parameters on two groups of diabetic patients, were conducted in the Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital,30 patients insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 ,their ages ranged between (15-45) and30 patients non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2,their ages ranged between (42-65).This study has been compared with 30 healthy subjects. The present study was demonstrated to evaluate the alteration in oxidative stress as measured by plasma and red blood cells Malondialdehyde (MDA) andchanges in antioxidant mechanism as measured by plasma and red blood cells Glutathione (GSH) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2,in compares to healthy control group. The results showed significant increment in serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels ,and significant decrease in serum glutathione (GSH) levels of Diabetic patients (IDDM), (NIDDM)),compared with control. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), Diabetic patients (IDDM),and (NIDDM)patients showed significant increases in LDL levels. LDLs and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) the so-called “bad” cholesterols. Unlike HDLs, LDLs and VLDLs are high-cholesterol particles and significant decrease in HDL compared with control Oxidative stress results when free radicals increase more than antioxidants which is naturally synthesis in the body, then causes changing in the cells accure by oxidative stress.

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