Maximal short term Exercise Capacity in Healthy Subjects Aged 15-70 Years

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Makrides ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Neil Mccartney ◽  
Norman L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Pedalling Frequency

1. Fifty males and 50 females, 15-71 years of age, exercised maximally for 30 s on an isokinetic ergometer at a pedalling frequency of 60 rev./min. Results were compared with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max.) obtained in a progressive incremental exercise test. 2. Total work in 30 s was higher in males than females, declined linearly by about 6% per decade of age (r = −0.65), and was related closely to height (r = 0.75) and to lean thigh volume estimated anthropometrically (r = 0.84). A close association with vital capacity (r = 0.86) was also found that accounted statistically for the combined effects of age and height. 3. The percentage decline in power during 30 s (fatigue index) was lower in subjects reporting greater leisure activity. 4. A close relationship was found between total work in 30 s and Vo2 max. (r = 0.86), with vital capacity and leisure activity exerting additional influences on Vo2 max. (P < 0.001; multiple r = 0.93). 5. The well-established reduction with age in Vo2 max. is associated with an apparent parallel reduction in the power output capacity of large muscle groups recruited in heavy dynamic leg exercise.

scholarly journals Close Association between Awareness of Teeth-Alignment Disorder and Systemic Disorders in Late Adolescence

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Masanobu Abe ◽  
Akihisa Mitani ◽  
Atsushi Yao ◽  
Chun-Dong Zhang ◽  
Kazuto Hoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Medical Checkup ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Medical Questionnaire

Background: Oral diseases are associated with various systemic disorders. Our previous research revealed new insights into the close relationship between occlusal disorder (functional disorder) and systemic disorders (allergic rhinitis, asthma, and arrhythmia) in late adolescence. Here, we investigated whether there was an association between the awareness of teeth-alignment disorder (morphological disorder) and common systemic disorders. Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of the mandatory medical questionnaire that is required for the freshman medical checkup in Japan. We collected the data of all students who completed the questionnaire between April 2017 and April 2019. The data were analyzed using the χ2 test, and a multivariate analysis was performed with a binomial logistic regression model. Results: The subjects were 8903 students aged 17–19 who had no awareness of occlusal disorder. The rate of awareness of teeth-alignment disorder was 20.43% (1819 of 8903 eligible subjects), and the aware students had significantly greater rates of gum bleeding (p < 0.001), pollinosis (n = 0.007), and atopic dermatitis (n = 0.042). The multivariate analysis revealed significant rates of gum bleeding (odds ratio (OR) 1.540, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.386–1.711, p < 0.001), pollinosis (OR 1.197, 95% CI: 1.040–1.378, p = 0.012), and female gender (OR 1.141, 95% CI: 1.002–1.299, p = 0.046) among the students with awareness of teeth-alignment disorder. Conclusion: We identified close associations between the awareness of teeth-alignment disorder and both gum bleeding and pollinosis in a late-adolescent population. The systemic disorders that are targeted by teeth-alignment disorder were found to be different from those targeted by occlusal disorder.

scholarly journals Ранні наслідки впливу лісової пожежі на різноманітність грибних угруповань соснових лісів Лівобережної України з особливим акцентом на мікоризних грибах

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
K. V. Davydenko ◽  
N. Yu. Vysotska ◽  
V. S. Yushchyk ◽  
T. Yu. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Short Term

Forest fires constitute widespread and potentially destructive disturbances in forest ecosystems, particularly negative impact on soil mycorrhizal fungi which are major players of the belowground plant. This study investigated the short-term effects of wildfire on fungal communities in Left-Bank Ukraine with special emphasis on mycorrhizal fungi. During the fourteen months after autumn wildfire, fruiting bodies found in the plots were identified, and their mycological richness, diversity and production in both burned and unburnt areas were measured. Total fungal diversity decreased in burned plots, where fungal richness and diversity of mycorrhizal species were significantly lower. Our results also confirmed the data on a rather destructive influence of post-fire forest management on fungal diversity. Only three mycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus sylvestris L. were common to both sites while pyrophilic species were in close association with burned sites. 3 Figs., 1 Table, 31 Refs. Key words: mycorrhiza, pine plantation, post-fire erosion, wildfire.

scholarly journals Improvement in Pulmonary Function with Short-term Rehabilitation Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Cheol Shin ◽  
Eun Young Han ◽  
Kye Hee Cho ◽  
Sang Hee Im
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractCervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injury causes impairments in respiratory muscle performance, leading to variable degrees of pulmonary dysfunction and rendering deep breathing difficult for affected individuals. In this retrospective study, we investigated the effects of self-directed respiratory muscle training in this context by assessing pulmonary function relative to spinal cord injury characteristics. A total of 104 spinal cord injury patients (tetraplegia/paraplegia; 65/39, acute/subacute/chronic; 14/42/48) were admitted for short-term (4–8 weeks) in-patient clinical rehabilitation. Initial evaluation revealed a compromised pulmonary function with a percentage of predicted value of 62.0 and 57.5 in forced vital capacity in supine and forced vital capacity in sitting positions, respectively. Tetraplegic patients had more compromised pulmonary function compared with paraplegic patients. At follow-up evaluation, the percentage of predicted value of forced vital capacity in supine and sitting position improved overall on average by 11.7% and 12.7%, respectively. The peak cough flow improved by 22.7%. All assessed pulmonary function parameters improved significantly in all subgroups, with the greatest improvements found in patients with tetraplegia and subacute spinal cord injury. Therefore, short-term self-directed respiratory muscle training should be incorporated into all spinal cord injury rehabilitation regimens, especially for patients with tetraplegia and subacute spinal cord injury, as well as those with chronic spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Exposure to High Particulate Levels on Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Healthy Tourists: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuhei Sato ◽  
Peijun Gui ◽  
Kumiko Ito ◽  
Masahiro Kohzuki ◽  
Satoru Ebihara
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Related Quality

Background: Previous studies have reported a relationship between particulate air pollution and respiratory symptoms or decline in lung function, but information about acute effects of short-term exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) on cough and pulmonary function is scarce. Objective: To investigate the effect of short-term exposure to high concentrations of PM on the cough reflex threshold, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life in a group of healthy non-resident volunteers visiting Beijing, China. Methods: Seventeen healthy residents of Sendai, Japan, who planned to attend a meeting in Beijing, were recruited. We checked local air quality and measured cough reflex thresholds, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire-acute (LCQ-acute) scores in the volunteers before, during, and after their trip to Beijing. Results: The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Beijing were significantly higher than those in Japan on the measurement days. Cough reflex thresholds, expressed as nebulized citric acid concentrations required to induce ≥ 2 and ≥ 5 coughs, were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before or after the visit. Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before the trip. Similarly, the urge-to-cough threshold was significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than after the trip, as was the total LCQ-acute score. Conclusion: We tentatively concluded that short-term exposure to high PM concentrations may have adverse effects on cough reflex and urge-to-cough thresholds, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life.

Limb skeletal muscle adaptation in athletes after training at altitude

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mizuno ◽  
C. Juel ◽  
T. Bro-Rasmussen ◽  
E. Mygind ◽  
B. Schibye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Capillary Supply ◽  
O2 Deficit

Morphological and biochemical characteristics of biopsies obtained from gastrocnemius (GAS) and triceps brachii muscle (TRI), as well as maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max) and O2 deficit, were determined in 10 well-trained cross-country skiers before and after a 2-wk stay (2,100 m above sea level) and training (2,700 m above sea level) at altitude. On return to sea level, VO2 max was the same as the prealtitude value, whereas an increase in O2 deficit (29%) and in short-term running performance (17%) was observed (P less than 0.05). GAS showed maintained capillary supply but a 10% decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activities (P less than 0.05), whereas an increase in capillary supply (P less than 0.05) but unchanged mitochondrial enzyme activities were observed in TRI. Buffer capacity was increased by 6% in both GAS and TRI (P less than 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the relative increase in buffer capacity of GAS and short-term running time (P less than 0.05). Thus the present study indicates no effect of 2 wk of altitude training on VO2 max but provides evidence to suggest an improvement in short-term exercise performance, which may be the result of an increase in muscle buffer capacity.

Effects of propranolol and verapamil on plasma ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone in short-term intense isokinetic leg exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Joborn ◽  
R. Bergström ◽  
J. Rastad ◽  
L. Wide ◽  
G. Åkerström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leg Exercise

Exercise performance after ventilatory work

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Martin ◽  
M. Heintzelman ◽  
H. I. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Volitional Exhaustion ◽  
Ventilatory Muscles

Although increased ventilation is one of the most readily observed physiological responses to exercise, it is uncertain how severely this hyperpnea stresses the ventilatory muscles. As one approach to this question, we compared short-term maximal running performance in nine subjects with and without prior ventilatory work designed to reduce ventilatory muscle endurance. This work consisted of 150 min of sustained maximum ventilation performed isocapnically while the subjects were seated. Both the level of sustained expired minute ventilation and the O2 uptake associated with it slowly declined with time during this 150-min period. On the average, subjects were able to maintain two-thirds of their 12-s maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) during this long-term breathing test. The test had no effect on subsequently measured vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, or the MVV. However, in short-term maximal running, at constant speed upgrades increased 1% each minute until volitional exhaustion, performance after prior breathing work was reduced as compared with control (6.5 vs. 7.6 min; P less than 0.01). Subjects ceased work at significantly lower ventilation (117 vs. 124 1.min-1 BTPS; P less than 0.05) and heart rate (179 vs. 187 beats.min-1; P less than 0.01) and reached significantly lower peak O2 uptake (3.07 vs. 3.24 1.min-1 STPD; P less than 0.05) during maximal running after ventilatory work. We conclude that reduced ventilatory muscle endurance alone is sufficient to decrease short-term maximal running performance.

Entrainment and Embodiment in Musical Performance

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Eugene Montague
Keyword(s):  
Musical Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Musical Embodiment

This chapter introduces three distinct concepts of entrainment and relates them to the topic of musical embodiment. Drawing on work in music and other disciplines, the chapter discusses the relationships between “long-term,” “short-term,” and “physical” entrainment. Given the close relationship between entrainment and bodily movement, it is argued that each of these concepts implies a particular type of musical body. These types are discussed and compared, and their salient differences identified. The chapter closes with a brief exploration of these three types of entrainment and their related musical bodies, as they can be seen and heard in the course of playing J. S. Bach’s Prelude in C minor, BWV 847.

Improvements in exercise performance: effects of carbohydrate feedings and diet

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Neufer ◽  
D. L. Costill ◽  
M. G. Flynn ◽  
J. P. Kirwan ◽  
J. B. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Concentration

In an effort to determine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) feedings immediately before exercise in both the fasted and fed state, 10 well-trained male cyclists [maximum O2 consumption (VO2 max), 4.35 +/- 0.11 l/min)] performed 45 min of cycling at 77% VO2 max followed by a 15-min performance ride on an isokinetic cycle ergometer. After a 12-h fast, subjects ingested 45 g of liquid carbohydrate (LCHO), solid carbohydrate confectionery bar (SCHO), or placebo (P) 5 min before exercise. An additional trial was performed in which a high-CHO meal (200 g) taken 4 h before exercise was combined with a confectionery bar feeding (M + SCHO) immediately before the activity. At 10 min of exercise, serum glucose values were elevated by 18 and 24% during SCHO and LCHO, respectively, compared with P. At 0 and 45 min no significant differences were observed in muscle glycogen concentration or total use between the four trials. Total work produced during the final 15 min of exercise was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) during M + SCHO (194,735 +/- 9,448 N X m), compared with all other trials and significantly greater (P less than 0.05) during LCHO and SCHO (175,204 +/- 11,780 and 176,013 +/- 10,465 N X m, respectively) than trial P (159,143 +/- 11,407 N X m). These results suggest that, under conditions when CHO stores are less than optimal, exercise performance is enhanced with the ingestion of 45 g of CHO 5 min before 1 h of intense cycling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A Study Of Attitude And Perceptions Of Pharmaceutical Value Chain Members Towards Consumer Promotions

Paradigm ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Shweta Srivastava ◽  
Anand Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
Sales Staff

This study is an attempt to analyze the attitude of pharmaceutical value chain members towards sales promotion schemes. The researchers have studied the factors that managers/sales staff believe are important for the company to offer trade/consumer promotions. It has been observed that consumer promotions are focused on long term as well as short term goals. The study also revealed that there is a close relationship between sales promotion and the structural variables of the company. So it is recommended that companies should critically analyze its structural variables before formulating and implementing its sales promotion strategies. Collected data have been analyzed to extract as much as the underlying factors.

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