Selective dietary potassium depletion and acid-base equilibrium in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Girard ◽  
Monique Brun-Pascaud ◽  
Michel Paillard
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Neutral Sodium ◽  
K Depletion

1. K+ depletion of two kinds was induced in two groups of rats by selective dietary restriction for up to 5 weeks. Complete metabolic studies for H+, K+, Na+ and Cl− were carried out daily during weeks 1, 3 and 5. 2. In control rats of group A (receiving K+ with sodium chloride), plasma pH (7.47) and HCO−3(25 mmol/l), as well TA (titratable acid) —- HCO−3 and NH+4 urinary excretion rates, were stable, while balances were nil for K+ and slightly positive for Cl−. In K+-deprived rats of group A receiving sodium chloride, a progressive metabolic alkalosis developed (plasma pH reached 7.57 and HCO−3 35.8 mmol/l by 5 weeks), and TA - HCO−3 and NH+4 urinary excretion rates were not different from controls. Plasma K+ fell progressively from 4.20 to 2.20 mmol/l, with negative K+ balance. Balances for Na+ and H2O were highly positive and plasma renin activity and aldosterone decreased by week 5. Hypochloraemia developed with positive Cl− balance. 3. In control rats of group B (receiving K+ with neutral sodium phosphate), a slight metabolic alkalosis developed, and TA - HCO−3 excretion rate was increased compared with control rats of group A. Balances were slightly negative for K+ and Cl−. In K+-deprived rats of group B receiving neutral sodium phosphate, a profound metabolic alkalosis developed (plasma pH reached 7.60 and HCO−3 42.6 mmol/l by 5 weeks), and TA-HCO−3 and NH+4 excretion rates were at no time different from those of control rats of group B. Plasma K+ fell progressively from 4.25 to 2.30 mmol/l, and K+ balance was more negative than that in control rats of group B. Hypochloraemia developed with a negative Cl− balance. 4. In both K+-restricted groups, a linear negative correlation was observed between plasma HCO−3 (or pH) and plasma K+. These results suggest that metabolic alkalosis does occur in sustained selective K+-depletion in rats. Metabolic alkalosis could be generated essentially by net transfer of H+ from extracellular fluid (ECF) into cells, probably in exchange for K+ in the reverse direction. Metabolic alkalosis could be maintained by an increase in tubular reabsorption of filtered HCO−3, probably via an enhanced Na+/H+ exchange in the proximal tubule in sodium chloride-loaded rats, which may account for the ECF volume expansion with low plasma renin activity and aldosterone, and via an enhanced Cl−/HCO−3 exchange in distal nephron in sodium phosphate-loaded rats.

Inhibition of renin secretion by HCl is related to chloride in both dog and rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (1) ◽  
pp. F44-F49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Kotchen ◽  
K. E. Krzyzaniak ◽  
J. E. Anderson ◽  
C. B. Ernst ◽  
J. H. Galla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Group B

To determine if inhibition of renin release by HCl is related to acidosis or to Cl-, the effects of peripheral venous infusions of HCl and H2SO4 on plasma renin activity (PRA) were compared in the dog and the rat. In NaCl-deprived, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, either 0.15 M HCl (n = 10) or 0.075 M H2SO4 (n = 7) was infused for 60 min. In 5 of the 10 HCl-infused dogs (group A), urine Cl- excretion increased (P less than 0.01) during HCl infusion. In the remaining five dogs (group B), Cl- excretion did not increase. Cl- excretion also did not increase during H2SO4 infusion. Comparable acidosis was produced in all three groups. PRA decreased (P less than 0.01) in response to HCl in group A but did not change (P greater than 0.8) in group B HCl-infused dogs or in H2SO4-infused dogs. In NaCl-deprived, anesthetized rats, PRA was suppressed (P less than 0.05) by HCl (from 40.6 +/- 9.4 to 27.4 +/- 5.3 ng . ml-1 . h-1 (SE)) but not H2SO4 (from 37.1 +/- 4.2 to 37.0 +/- 6.3 ng . ml-1 . h-1), despite comparable acidosis. Cl- excretion increased only in HCl-infused rats. In conclusion, inhibition of PRA by acute infusion of HCl is specifically related to Cl-.

PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN CONGENITAL VIRILIZING ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
Masashi Imai ◽  
Yoshio Igarashi ◽  
Hirofumi Sokabe
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Peripheral Plasma

Peripheral plasma renin activity was markedly elevated in two cases of the salt-losing form of congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia. The renin activity was reduced after treatment with deoxycorticosterone and sodium chloride. In the hypertensive form of the plasma renin activity was suppressed.

Urinary Prostaglandins and Kallikrein in Essential Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 259s-261s ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Weber ◽  
B. Scherer ◽  
E. Held ◽  
W. Siess ◽  
H. Stoffel
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Excretion Rates

1. Urinary prostaglandins (PG), kallikrein and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured in 35 patients with essential hypertension and 22 normotensive controls before and 15 min after frusemide (40 mg intravenously). 2. PGE2 and kallikrein excretion rates were lower in hypertensive subjects, and failed to rise to the same extent after frusemide. PGF2α excretion was not significantly different in the two groups of patients either before or after frusemide. PRA rose less in the hypertensive subjects after frusemide. 3. These findings support the view that there is an abnormality of renal vasodilator systems (PGE2 and kallikrein) in essential hypertension.

scholarly journals Effects of hypertonic saline preloading in sub arachnoid blockade for transurethral resection of prostate - A comparative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Amirul Islam ◽  
Md Rafayet Ullah Siddique ◽  
Md Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Debabrata Banik ◽  
AKM Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Group B

Background: Hypertonic solution is used to combat hypotension in sub-arachnoid block during trans urethral resection of prostate. Aims and objectives: To compare the effect of 3% sodium chloride solution with that of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to combat sub-arachnoid block induced hypotension in trans urethral resection of prostate. Methods: A total number of sixty patients ASA grade I & II were selected randomly in two groups , thirty in each group. Group A received 15ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl solution and group B 4ml/kg of 3% NaCl solution as a preload. Sub arachnoid block performed at the L3/4 interspace in the sitting position. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, amount of ephedrine, amount of used additional I/V normal saline, serum electrolytes and level of sensory block were observed. Results: Mean arterial pressure was differed significantly at late hours ie, 50min, 60min (P<0.001). Incidence of hypotension was 43% in group A, 16% in group B and was significant (p<0.05). Less additional I/V fluid was required in group B and difference was significant (P<0.05). Low doses of ephedrine was needed in group B and was highly significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Preloading of hypertonic solution is superior to isotonic solution in trans urethral resection of prostate under sub arachnoid block. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsa.v22i2.18145 Journal of BSA, 2009; 22(2): 66-71

Comparison of 3% saline and 0.9% normal saline nebulization as diluent in children with bronchiolitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shobha Sapkota ◽  
Ammara Kaleem ◽  
Suffura Huma ◽  
Muhammad Aleem Ud-Din ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words 3 ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Objective: To compare the outcome in terms of mean time to disappearance of cough, wheezing, crackles and length of hospital stay in patients treated with sodium chloride 3% with sodium chloride 0.9% as nebulisation diluent in children for suffering from bronchiolitis. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Medicine Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 2014 to April 2015, and comprised children aged between 6 weeks and 24 months having bronchiolitis. Group A received 3% sodium chloride and Group B received 0.9% of the same solution. Duration of cough, wheezing, crackles and duration of stay at hospital were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 17. Results: Of the 100 patients, there were 50(50%) in Group A with a mean age of 7.17±4.46, and as many in Group B with a mean age of 6.6±3.74. Overall, there were 55(55%) boys and 45(45%) girls. Mean cough and wheezing remission time as well as length of hospital stay was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In children having bronchiolitis, 3% saline as nebuliser solution was found to be more effective than 0.9% saline solution. Key Words: 3% saline solution, Bronchiolitis, Wheezing, Crepitations, Hospital stay.

A case of normotensive primary aldosteronism with hypopituitarism, epilepsy, and medullary sponge kidney

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Kuroda ◽  
Ken Okamura ◽  
Mototaka Yoshinari ◽  
Hiroshi Ikenoue ◽  
Kaori Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Medullary Sponge Kidney ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Potassium Clearance

Abstract. A 55-year-old man with normotensive primary aldosteronism, hypopituitarism, epilepsy, and medullary sponge kidney is reported. Seventeen years before admission, he had been noted to have hypokalemia associated with high potassium clearance, suppressed plasma renin activity, metabolic alkalosis, and normal blood pressure as well as low urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. He kept normotensive in spite of hyperaldosteronism until nine months after the initiation of replacement therapy with glucocorticoid and thyroxine for hypopituitarism, when he became hypertensive. Hypopituitarism seemed to play a role in keeping a normal blood pressure despite long-standing hyperaldosteronism.

scholarly journals Low doses of terlipressin and albumin in the type I hepatorenal syndrome

2013 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Davide Pulvirenti ◽  
Aikaterini Tsami
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sodium Plasma

BACKGROUND Hepatorenal syndrome is a pre-renal like dysfunction that generally onsets in cirrhotic patients presenting ascites. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the improvement of renal function in subjects with hepatorenal syndrome after terlipressin administration and the survival times after this treatment. 30 patients affected by cirrhosis, with diagnosis of type I hepatorenal syndrome were treated with intravenous terlipressin plus albumin (group A) or with albumin alone (group B). Liver function, renal function, sodium plasma level and plasma renin activity were monitored. RESULTS Patients of group A showed a significant improvement (p < 0.001) of renal function valued by creatinine rate compared with the results obtained in group B. The probability of survival was higher in the group A (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results seem to confirm that the administration of terlipressin plus albumin improves renal function in patients with cirrhosis and type I hepatorenal syndrome and that a reversal of hepatorenal syndrome is strongly associated with an improved survival.

Effects of altered dietary sodium intake on hormonal profiles in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hazon ◽  
I. W. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Blood pressure and selected putatively influential hormones were measured in Brattleboro rats which were without diabetes insipidus and which were subjected to various manipulations in dietary sodium intake. Rats fed a control diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age showed a slow increase in blood pressure whereas rats fed a sodium-enriched diet for the same period exhibited sustained hypertension (115±3 versus 169±5 (s.e.m.) mmHg). In animals fed a sodium-enriched diet plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were significantly increased from 55±8 to 108±5 fmol/l. Rats fed the control diet from weaning (group A) and subsequently maintained on that diet or changed to a sodium-enriched diet or sodium-deficient diet showed no differences in their blood pressure. Plasma hormone concentrations were similar in these groups, with the exception of aldosterone suppression in rats switched from control to a sodium-enriched diet (0·26±0·04 versus 0·08±0·03 nmol/l; P <0·001). Animals fed the sodium-enriched diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age (group b) and either maintained on that diet or changed to a control diet showed little change in their established hypertension. Transfer to the control diet was associated with increased plasma renin concentrations (PRC) (13·8±2·1 to 122·6±6·2 nmol/l) and plasma aldosterone concentrations (0·04±0·01 to 0·08±0·01 nmol/l; P<0·001) but corticosteroids and ADH concentrations were unchanged. Rats maintained on the sodium-enriched diet from weaning to 16 weeks of age and transfered to a sodium-deficient diet exhibited increases in their established hypertensive blood pressures (maximally 205±4 versus 170±4 mmHg) together with significant increases in PRC (13·8 ±2·1 to 297±79 nmol/l; P< 0·001), aldosterone (0·04±0·01 to 0·23±0·07 nmol/l; P <0·001) and ADH (82·9±15·5 to 466±118 fmol/l; P <0·001), although plasma concentrations of corticosteroids were again unaffected. Thus it would appear that there is a critical developmental stage at which exposure to a sodium-enriched diet subsequently leads to hypertension. Abrupt withdrawal of the sodium-enriched diet produces an exaggerated hypertension involving changes in both ADH and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 243–248

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF ANTENATAL MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR NEUROPROTECTION IN PRETERM BABIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-633
Author(s):  
Kanchan Sharma ◽  
◽  
Ranideepa a ◽  
Anamika b ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Neuroprotective Agent ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group A ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Group B ◽  
Neurological Disabilities

Background: Antenatal administration of magnesium sulfate is an important part of the neuroprotective strategy for preterm infants. Strong evidence from five randomized controlled trials and five meta-analyses has demonstrated that magnesium sulfate, when administered before preterm delivery, significantly reduces the risk of neurological disabilities. In our study, we aimed at assessing the effectiveness and safety of antenatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection in the preterm babies. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted on 586 women in preterm labour during the period of January 2019 to 2020 attending opd in the department of obstetrics & gynecology at Patna medical college and hospital in 2019.They were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group A : received magnesium sulphate as neuroprotective agent Group B: received sodium chloride solution. Procedure efficacy(defined as incidence of neurological disabilities, mortality and resuscitative measures in both groups), safety and side effects were assessed in both groups. Results: Babies developing neurological disabilities were less in magnesium sulphate group than sodium chloride groupwhich is statistically insignificant.Total mortality in group A was 137 whereas in group B is 169 which is statistically insignificant.1 neonatehad intraventricular hemorrhage in group A while 4 in group B which is statistically insignificant.. Conclusion: Although various studies have suggested that magnesiumsulphateis cost effective and efficient neuroprotective agent in preterm babies but in our study we could not find significant difference between magnesium and placebo group , but it is proved to be efficient in preventing intraventricular hemorrhage .

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