Effect of Sodium Loading on the Urinary Excretion of Prostaglandins E2 and F2α in Rats with Hereditary Diabetes Insipidus (Brattleboro Rats)

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rathaus ◽  
N. Kariv ◽  
J. Shapira ◽  
J. Bernheim
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Sodium Loading ◽  
Hereditary Diabetes

1. Current evidence suggests that the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and changes in sodium balance influence renal prostaglandins (PGs). To separate these two mechanisms, the effect of sodium loading on the urinary excretion of PGE2 and PGF2α was studied in female Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus (DIHO) and compared with that in female, age matched, heterozygous Long Evans controls (LEHE). 2. Ten DIHO and ten LEHE rats had a normal sodium intake. In ten DIHO rats a 0.16% NaCl solution was supplied instead of drinking water for either 8 days (n = 5) or 14 days (n = 5). In two groups of LEHE rats, sodium loading was obtained with a 0.80% NaCl solution for the same study periods. Urine PGs were measured by radioimmunoassay in three 24 h urine collections for each rat. 3. Urine PGs were significantly increased in the 8 day loaded but not in the 14 day loaded LEHE rats. In DIHO rats, a non-significant increase in both PGE2 and PGF2α was present after 8 days of sodium loading, while PGE2 and the E/F ratio were decreased after 14 days of salt loading. 4. The findings suggest that the natriuresis induced by sodium loading in the rat may be mediated in part by increased production of PGs. In addition, it seems that ADH plays a role in this response.

Urinary excretion of dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopamine during alterations of dietary salt intake in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Goldstein ◽  
Robin Stull ◽  
Graeme Eisenhofer ◽  
John R. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Proximal Tubular Cells ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Proximal Tubular

1. Urinary excretion of dopamine (DA) increases during dietary salt loading. The majority of urinary DA is derived from circulating dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa). Whether the increase in urinary DA excretion during salt loading results from increased efficiency of uptake of dopa by proximal tubular cells of the kidney, facilitation of intracellular conversion of dopa to DA, or increased delivery of dopa to tubular uptake sites, has been unknown. 2. In 10 inpatient normal volunteers on a constant diet, daily excretion of dopa and DA was assessed during normal sodium intake (109 mmol/day) for 1 week, low sodium intake (9 mmol/day) for 1 week and high sodium intake (249 mmol/day) for 1 week. 3. Urinary DA excretion exceeded urinary dopa excretion by about tenfold, and the excretion of both DA and dopa increased by about twofold between the low and high salt diets, with similar proportionate changes. Plasma dopa was unchanged by dietary salt manipulation. 4. The results indicate that increases in urinary DA excretion during dietary salt loading can be accounted for by increased delivery of dopa to sites of uptake by proximal tubular cells. Since dopa is released into the bloodstream by sympathetic nerve endings and by the brain, and since interference with decarboxylation of dopa attenuates natriuretic responses, dopa may function indirectly as a neurohormone involved in homoeostatic regulation of sodium balance.

Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance: Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilea M. Carmona Matos ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review offers an overview of various disorders of water balance: diabetes insipidus, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, idiopathic edema, and volume depletion, as well as their clinical presentations, lab tests, and management. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States , Diabetes insipidus, Volume Depletion, Cirrhosis, Diuretics

ADRENAL RESPONSIVENESS IN AGEING BRATTLEBORO RATS WITH HEREDITARY DIABETES INSIPIDUS

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. BARNETT ◽  
P. CHEESEMAN ◽  
J. CHEESEMAN ◽  
J. M. DOUGLAS ◽  
J. G. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Hereditary Diabetes ◽  
Hereditary Diabetes Insipidus

Effect of Age on Hypertensive Stimuli and the Development of Hypertension in Brattleboro Rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dlouhá ◽  
J. Křeček ◽  
J. Zicha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Solution Saline ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Inherited Diabetes

1. In rats with inherited diabetes insipidus, unilateral nephrectomy plus drinking of 0·6% NaCl solution (saline) did not influence blood pressure in adult rats. However, when these factors applied before puberty, they produced hypertension. 2. We therefore analysed whether saline administration before puberty or unilateral nephrectomy before puberty was more important for this hypertensive response. 3. Saline drinking was found to be necessary for the response because hypertension was elicited by unilateral nephrectomy in adult rats only if saline consumption began before puberty.

Osmoregulatory control of renal sodium excretion after sodium loading in humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. R1833-R1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Juel Andersen ◽  
Peter Norsk ◽  
Lars Bo Johansen ◽  
Poul Christensen ◽  
Thomas Engstrøm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Significant Difference

The hypothesis that renal sodium handling is controlled by changes in plasma sodium concentration was tested in seated volunteers. A standard salt load (3.08 mmol/kg body wt over 120 min) was administered as 0.9% saline (Isot) or as 5% saline (Hypr) after 4 days of constant sodium intake of 75 (LoNa+) or 300 mmol/day (HiNa+). Hypr increased plasma sodium by ∼4 mmol/l but increased plasma volume and central venous pressure significantly less than Isot irrespective of diet. After LoNa+, Hypr induced a smaller increase in sodium excretion than Isot (48 ± 8 vs. 110 ± 17 μmol/min). However, after HiNa+the corresponding natriureses were identical (135 ± 33 vs. 139 ± 39 μmol/min), despite significant difference between the increases in central venous pressure. Decreases in plasma ANG II concentrations of 23–52% were inversely related to sodium excretion. Mean arterial pressure, plasma oxytocin and atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations, and urinary excretion rates of endothelin-1 and urodilatin remained unchanged. The results indicate that an increase in plasma sodium may contribute to the natriuresis of salt loading when salt intake is high, supporting the hypothesis that osmostimulated natriuresis is dependent on sodium balance in normal seated humans.

A Paradoxical Fall in Urine Dopamine Output When Patients with Essential Hypertension Are Given Added Dietary Salt

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Harvey ◽  
I. F. Casson ◽  
A. D. Clayden ◽  
G. F. Cope ◽  
C. M. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Renal Sodium Handling

1. The effect of dietary sodium on the urine dopamine excretion of eight hypertensive patients and six matched controls was studied under metabolic balance conditions over a 2 week period during which dietary sodium intake was increased from 20 to 220 mmol/day. 2. The control group showed the expected increase in dopamine excretion in response to sodium but the hypertensive patients showed an initial fall followed by a return to baseline values. 3. Neither group showed a rise in blood pressure but the hypertensive patients showed a greater weight gain on salt loading, although this change was not significant. The cumulative sodium balance was greater and more prolonged in the hypertensive patients, although this difference also did not attain statistical significance. 4. This defect in dopamine mobilization may be important in relation to renal sodium handling by patients with essential hypertension.

Disorders of Water and Sodium Balance: Hypernatremia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilea M. Carmona Matos ◽  
Herbert Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Electrolyte Disorder

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disorder most prevalent in the elderly and the critically ill, with over 60% of cases developing over the course of an inpatient stay. Characterized by elevated serum sodium concentrations, this disorder is manifested either by pure-water loss without replacement, or excessive sodium intake without appropriate water balance. Left untreated it may lead to seizures and coma. General treatment in the case of severe hypernatremia is infusion of isotonic saline followed by pure-water after the patient is stabilized. Further treatment of the underlying cause may involve diuretics, thiazides, and a variety of other medications in conjunction with dietary and lifestyle modifications. This review offers an overview of various disorders of water balance: diabetes insipidus, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, idiopathic edema, and volume depletion, as well as their clinical presentations, lab tests, and management. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 references. Key words: Hypernatremia, Edematous States , Diabetes insipidus, Volume Depletion, Cirrhosis, Diuretics

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