Renal Function in Pregnancy

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Atherton ◽  
R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Glucose Excretion ◽  
In Pregnancy

Although our understanding of many renal mechanisms has been advancing rapidly over the past few years, there is still a dearth of information about changes that occur in renal function during pregnancy — surely one of the greatest physiological disturbances possible. It is difficult in many instances to find a description of the changes that occur quite apart from the underlying alterations in mechanisms that are responsible for them. Part of the difficulty has arisen because of the ethical and methodological problems that arise when women are used as ‘experimental animals’ until recently there has not been a suitably documented animal model, though whether this was because of technical difficulties or lack of interest on the part of investigators is not known. Recently, however, it has become apparent that many changes in renal function in the rat are similar to those occurring in women and some aspects of renal function in the rat have been investigated in detail. Since not all aspects of renal function can be covered in this review we shall concentrate on three of the more important areas, namely haemodynamics, sodium and water handling and glucose excretion, and discuss how these are changed during pregnancy; comments on the possible mechanisms involved in these changes are presented where appropriate.

Ultrastructure and analytical microprobe analysis of simian lung mite pigments

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
R. W. Cole ◽  
J. C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Old World ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lung Mite ◽  
Mite Infestations ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

In recent years, non-human primates have become indispensable as experimental animals in many fields of biomedical research. Pharmaceutical and related industries alone use about 2000,000 primates a year. Respiratory mite infestations in lungs of old world monkeys are of particular concern because the resulting tissue damage can directly effect experimental results, especially in those studies involving the cardiopulmonary system. There has been increasing documentation of primate parasitology in the past twenty years.

Selected studies of the Menopause

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja M. McKinlay ◽  
John B. McKinlay
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Report ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Subject

SummaryLiterature on the subject of the menopause, primarily from the past three decades, is selectively reviewed in the form of an annotated bibliography. In order to highlight particular methodological problems, the review is presented in three sections, each preceded by a brief discussion, as follows: (a) the general report of clinical observation or experience, (b) the survey, and (c) the clinical trial. Several recommendations are also made for further research in this field.

ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CENTERS OF HISTORICAL CITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KOLOMNA, SERGIEV POSAD, DMITROV, ZVENIGOROD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-38
Author(s):  
E.L. Belyaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Level ◽  
National Project ◽  
The Past ◽  
Target Program ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Historic Cities

The issues of assessing the current level of beautification of the centers of historical cities and its quality are relevant in connection with the practical and methodological problems of carrying out such work within the framework of the implementation of the national project "comfortable environment" as well as the target program for the beautification of historic cities. It is during the improvement of historical cities or historical zones of cities in practice that the most complex methodological problems arise, associated with the need to ensure the preservation of valuable historical landscapes, architectural monuments, historical gardens and parks. To make decisions on the improvement and greening of cities, including within the framework of national, regional and municipal projects and programs, it is important to analyze the state and experience of the improvement and greening of a number of cities. As objects of research, four historical cities near Moscow were selected, or rather, the territories of their public centers, and at the same time, the positive and negative aspects of projects implemented over the past 5-10 years were considered in terms of compliance with urban planning regulations for historical zones, environmental requirements and the comfort of the urban environment - Kolomna, Sergiev Posad, Dmitrov, Zvenigorod.

Vertebral malformation in the mouse foetus caused by X-radiation of the mother during pregnancy

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-850
Author(s):  
Ujihiro Murakami ◽  
Yoshiro Kameyama
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Oxygen Deprivation ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Vertebral Malformation ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Maternal Hypoxia ◽  
In Pregnancy

Maternal hypoxia in early pregnancy can result in malformations of the vertebrae of mouse foetuses, and there is a tendency for more posterior vertebrae to be affected the later in pregnancy the oxygen deprivation occurs (Murakami & Kameyama, 1963). Ingalls et al. (1957) and Degenhardt (1954, 1959) had earlier obtained similar results. We have also exposed pregnant mice to X-radiation and studied the consequent malformations. The effects on the extremities have already been described (Murakami, Kameyama & Nogami, 1963), and in the present paper we shall describe the effects on the vertebral column. Vertebral malformations in animals irradiated in utero have been described by Job, Leibold & Fitzmaurice (1935), Warkany and Schraffenberger (1947), Russell. (1950, 1954), and Russell & Russell (1954). In order to obtain results comparable with those of our experiments with hypoxia, no less than to detect inter-strain differences, we used mice of the ddN and CF1 strains originally supplied by the Central Laboratories for Experimental Animals, Tokyo (Zikkendobutsu Chuo Kenkyujo).

scholarly journals Neurosurgical procedures in pregnancy

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayram Cirak ◽  
Nejmi Kiymaz ◽  
Memduh Kerman ◽  
Kadir Tahta
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Neurologically Intact ◽  
Neurosurgical Intervention ◽  
In Pregnancy

PURPOSE: Over the past few decades maternal mortality has progressively declined because of improved management of the major obstetric problems of hemorrhage, infection, and toxemia. As a result, the relative incidence of deaths resulting from non obstetric causes has increased. Chief among nonobstetric causes are neurologic disorders. Those most common during pregnancy are low back pain, intracranial tumors, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and neurotrauma. The management of the neurosurgical pathologies during pregnancy needs some specifications for both the mother and the fetus. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study evaluating the clinical, radiological, and surgical characteristics of 9 patients who have cranial neuropathologies and have undergone neurosurgical intervention. RESULTS: Most of the patients in this study had vaginal delivery. Prominent neurosurgical disease related to cerebral damage. Every patient underwent a laboratory and radiological evaluation. All except one survived the neurosurgical pathology. Neither baby nor mother had significant problem during delivery and neurosurgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women may face to every kind of neurosurgical pathology that nonpregnant women have faced. In addition, pregnancy itself, gives rise some metabolic changes in the women and those changes may cause some neurologic pathologies to be symptomatic or to aggravate the present symptomatology. Because of those reasons, close neurologic follow up of a pregnant woman is of vital importance. At the end of a pregnancy having experienced some neurologic interventions including diagnostic evaluation or surgical intervention does not necessitates the cesarean section for a neurologically intact infant and mother.

Chronic renal disease in pregnancy: obstetric outcomes and effect of pregnancy on renal function

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. Fa102-Fa102
Author(s):  
T. J. Bonnett ◽  
A. Khalid ◽  
D. Throssell ◽  
T. Farrell ◽  
R. P. Jokhi
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
In Pregnancy
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